• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.264-268
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• 2015

The present research investigated copper and cadmium stress-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using annealing control primers (ACP) with the differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction technique in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv. Vernal) leaves. Alfalfa leaves were subjected to $250{\mu}M$ of copper and cadmium treatment for a period of 6 h. A total of 120 ACPs was used. During copper and cadmium treatment, 6 DEGs were found to be up or down regulated. During copper stress treatment, 1 DEG was up-regulated, and 3 novel genes were discovered. Similarly, during cadmium stress treatment, 1 DEG was up-regulated and 5 novel genes were identified. Among all 6 DEGs, DEG-4 was identified as the gene for trans-2,3-enoyl-CoA reductase, DEG-5 was identified as the gene for senescence-associated protein DIN1 and DEG-6 was identified for caffeic acid O-methyltransferase. All the up-regulated genes may play a role in copper and cadmium stress tolerance in alfalfa.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.310-317
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of drought stress during the pod developing and seed filling stage on source-sink relationships of soybean (Glycine max). Drought treatments were imposed by withholding water at the full-pod stage, 19 days after flowering, and then limited watering was relieved at 15 days after the initiation of drought treatment. Soybean seed yield was reduced by 39% mainly due to decreased pod number under drought stress, but the 100-seed weight was relatively less reduced. In spite of the 15-day drought during the full-pod stage, soybean produced good seeds showing similar l00-seed weight, protein, starch and soluble sugar content to those from the well-watered. Although drought during the full-pod stage caused source limitations; i.e. accelerated leaf senescence and reduced leaf soluble sugars, it did not cause limitations of other source characteristics such as SGR and leaf starch level. This is because the reduction in size of sinks, such as pod and seed abortions compensated for source limitations, resulting in balanced source-sink as expressed by LAR and the ratio of leaf area to seed dry weight. Drought stress during the pod developing and seed filling stage did not disrupt the source-sink balance

• 생명과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.142-148
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• 1996

Aloe(Aloe arborescens M$_{ILL}$) has been used as a home medicine for the past several thousand in the world, and has been studied on anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities, hypotension, atherosclerosis, myocardiac infartion, apoplexy, diabetes as a chronic digenerative disease, tumors, gastrointestinal tract, liver and pancreas' diseases, and genitourinary tract etc. SAMP8 as a learing and memory impairment animal model were fed basic and/or experimental diets with 1.0% freezing dried(FD)-aloe for 8 months. The passive avoidance tests such as acqusition trial and retention test were significantly higher in aloe group than in control group. Grading score of senescence resulted in a marked decreases in aloe group compared with control group. Acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity was remarkably increased in aloe group compared with control group. Neurotransmitters such as dopamine(DA) and serotonin(5-HT) almost did not change by the feeding of aloe-added diet, but their metabolites such as homovanillic acid(HVA) and 5-hydroxy-indole acetic acid(5-HIAA) in aloe group were significantly increased compared with control group. Therefore, the ratios of HVA/DA and 5-HIAA/5-HT as a ratio of metabolite on neurotransmitter were significantly increased by the feeding of aloe-added diet. These results suggest that aloe vara may be activated acetylcholinesterase, the metabolite of neurotransmitter, and ratios of metabolite on neurotransmitter, resulting ina greater prevention of learning and memory impairments such as Alzheimertype dementia.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 2014

NF-${\kappa}B$ is a transcriptional factor which is involved in many biological processes including immunity, inflammation, and cell survival. Many investigators studied on the mechanism involved in activation of NF-${\kappa}B$ signalling pathway via ubiquitination and degradation of $I{\kappa}B$ regarding skin disease. Some specific molecules including Akt, MEK, p38 MAP Kinase, Stat3, et al. represent convergence points and key regulatory proteins in signaling pathways controlling cellular events such as growth and differentiation, energy homeostasis, and the response to stress and inflammation. Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation has many adverse effects on skin, including inflammation, alteration in the extracellular matrix, cellular senescence, apoptosis and skin cancer. Prunus mume, a naturally derived plant extract, has beneficial biological activities as blood fluidity improvement, anti-fatigue action, antioxidative and free radical scavenging activities, inhibiting the motility of Helicobacter pyolri. Previous reports on various beneficial function prompted us to investigate UVB-induced or other immunostimulated biological marker regarding P. mume extract. P. mume extract suppresses UVB-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ cells. The activation of activator protein-1 and nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ induced by UVB was dose-dependently inhibited by P. mume extract treatment. This results suggest that P. mume extracts might be used as a potential agents for protection of inflammation or UVB induced skin damage.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1984년도 학술대회지
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• pp.215-223
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• 1984

인삼이 노령자의 피로 및 쇠약 치료효과에 미치는 영향을 연구하기 위해 런던의 성프란시스병원과 지방의 일반 개업 병인으로부터 50명의 노인들을 모집하였다. 매일 2g의 홍삼 분말을 이중맹검법에 의하여 10일간 투약하였으며. 위약과 홍삼 분말의 투여는 3주간의 간격을 두고 각기 투여하였다. 간호원이 10가지 정신측정 종합테스트와 심리측정 테스트를 하였고, 기분상태 및 일반적인 건강평가를 설문지로 측정하였다 이 측정을 홍삼 및 위약의 투여기간을 전후하여 실시하였다. 즉, 각각의 테스트를 모두 4번 실시하였다. 심리측정 테스트와 정신측정 종합테스트 결과 홍삼의 투여는 위약과는 달리, 미약하나마 일관성있는 증가를 가져왔다. 그러나 기분상태 및 일반적인 건강 평가는 별 변화가 없었다. 결론적으로 인삼은 강장효과를 갖는다 할 수 있다. 노인병 치료를 평가함에 있어 시도방법 및 기간 등에 의하여 약효의 평가가 모호해지는 경우가 종종 있다. 보다 적절한 임상시험법에 대하여 토론하고자 한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.409-414
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• 2016

Background: The low survival rate of in vitro regenerated Panax ginseng plantlets after transfer to soil is the main obstacle for their successful micropropagation and molecular breeding. In most cases, young plantlets converted from somatic embryos are transferred to soil. Methods: In vitro thickened taproots, which were produced after prolonged culture of ginseng plantlets, were transferred to soil. Results: Taproot thickening of plantlets occurred near hypocotyl and primary roots. Elevated concentration of sucrose in the medium stimulated the root thickening of plantlets. Senescence of shoots occurred following the prolonged culture of plantlets. Once the leaves of plantlets senesced, the buds on taproots developed a dormant tendency. Gibberellic acid treatment was required for dormancy breaking of the buds. Analysis of endogenous abscisic acid revealed that the content of abscisic acid in taproots with senescent shoots was comparatively higher than that of taproots with green shoots. Thickened taproots were transferred to soil, followed by exposure to gibberellic acid or a cold temperature of $2^{\circ}C$ for 4 mo. Cold treatment of roots at $2^{\circ}C$ for 4 mo resulted in bud sprouting in 84% of roots. Spraying of 100 mg/L gibberellic acid also induced the bud sprouting in 81% roots. Conclusion: Soil transfer of dormant taproots of P. ginseng has advantages since they do not require an acclimatization procedure, humidity control of plants, and photoautotrophic growth, and a high soil survival rate was attained.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제72권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 1986

물참나무엽(葉)과 상수리나무엽(葉)의 수분특성인자(水分特性因子)의 계절변화(季節變化)를 p-v곡선법(曲線法)에 의해 측정(測定)하였다. 양수종(兩樹種)의 최대포수시(最大飽水時)의 침투압(浸透壓) ${\pi}_o$와 초기원형질(初期原形質) 분이점(分離點)의 침투압(浸透壓) ${\pi}_p$는 생육초기(生育初期)에 높고 성숙엽(成熟葉)이 되어 가면서 감소(減少)하였다. 전생육기간(全生育期間)을 통해 양수종(兩樹種)은 전수분량(全水分量)의 약(約) 10~20%의 수분(水分)을 상실(喪失)할 때 팽압(膨壓)이 0에 달(達)했다. 양수종(兩樹種)의 최대포수시(最大飽水時)의 유포(釉胞)의 탄성계수(彈性係數), Emax는 엽(葉)이 신장(伸長)함에 따라 증가(增加)하였으며, 경엽화(硬葉化)된 이후(以後)는 감소(減少)하였다. 오스몰수, Ns/DW의 위절변화(委節變化)는 물참나무엽(葉)이 상수리나무엽(葉)보다 컸으며, 상대함수율(相對含水率)(Vp/Vo, $RWC^*$, Vo/Vt)은 비교적 위절변화(委節變化)가 작았다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제78권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2015

Background: AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) not only functions as an intracellular energy sensor and regulator, but is also a general sensor of oxidative stress. Furthermore, there is recent evidence that it participates in limiting acute inflammatory reactions, apoptosis and cellular senescence. Thus, it may oppose the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods: To investigate the role of AMPK in cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation and emphysema we first compared cigarette smoking and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]-induced lung inflammation and emphysema in $AMPK{\alpha}1$-deficient ($AMPK{\alpha}1$-HT) mice and wild-type mice of the same genetic background. We then investigated the role of AMPK in the induction of interleukin-8 (IL-8) by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in A549 cells. Results: Cigarette smoking and poly(I:C)-induced lung inflammation and emphysema were elevated in $AMPK{\alpha}1$-HT compared to wild-type mice. CSE increased AMPK activation in a CSE concentration- and time-dependent manner. 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-${\beta}$-4-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMPK activator, decreased CSE-induced IL-8 production while Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, increased it, as did pretreatment with an $AMPK{\alpha}1$-specific small interfering RNA. Conclusion: $AMPK{\alpha}1$-deficient mice have increased susceptibility to lung inflammation and emphysema when exposed to cigarette smoke, and AMPK appears to reduce lung inflammation and emphysema by lowering IL-8 production.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.467-471
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated the antioxidative and antiaging activity of Perilla frutescens using LLC-$PK_1$ porcine renal epithelial cell and WI-38 human diploid fibroblast cell. The extract from Perilla frutescens showed strong protective effect against nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide ($O_2{^-}$)-induced oxidative stress generated by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and pyrogallol, respectively. The result showed that P. frutescens increased the cell viability and showed scavenging activity of NO and $O_2{^-}$. In addition, the extract of P. frutescens exerted the protective effect against peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) induced by 3-morpholinosydnonimine. It suggests that P. frutescens would have the protective role against $ONOO^-$ itself and its precursors, NO and $O_2{^-}$. Furthermore, the aging model of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-treated WI-38 human diploid fibroblast was employed to investigate the anti-aging effect of P. frutescens. $H_2O_2$-treated WI-38 cells showed the loss of cell viability, however before-treatment with P. frutescens to WI-38 cells under premature senescence could delay the cellular aging process. The present study suggests the antioxidative and antiaging potential against free radical-induced oxidative damage of P. frutescens.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.1111-1117
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• 2015

Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) is a specific receptor for microbial flagellin and is one of the most well-known receptors in the TLR family. We reported previously that TLR5 signaling is well maintained during aging and that caveolin-1 may be involved in TLR5 signaling in aged macrophages through direct interactions. Therefore, it is important to clarify whether caveolin-1/TLR5 interactions affect TLR5 expression during aging. To assess the effect of caveolin-1 on TLR5, we analyzed TLR5 expression in senescent fibroblasts and aged tissues expressing high levels of caveolin-1. As expected, TLR5 mRNA and protein expression was well maintained in senescent fibroblasts and aged tissues, whereas TLR4 mRNA and protein were diminished in those cells and tissues. To determine the mechanism of caveolin-1-dependent TLR5 expression, we examined TLR5 expression in caveolin-1 deficient mice. Interestingly, TLR5 mRNA and protein levels were decreased dramatically in tissues from caveolin-1 knockout mice. Moreover, overexpressed caveolin-1 in vitro enhanced TLR5 mRNA through the MAPK pathway and prolonged TLR5 protein half-life through direct interaction. These results suggest that caveolin-1 may play a crucial role in maintaining of TLR5 by regulating transcription systems and increasing protein half-life.