• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.474-480
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• 1998

Microstructural characteristics of semi-solid state processed hypereutectic Al-Si alloys have been investigated. Main concern of the present study is to investigate the effects of P and Sr addition on the size and morphology change of the primary Si particles. Refinement of the primary Si particles was observed with the addition of P and Sr at the early stage of semi-solid state processing, but such a refining effects became negligible resulting in Si particles with a near-spherical morphology with continuous stirring. This implies that the microstructural transformation mechanism became more dependent to stirring effects than to the alloying effects during semi-solid state processing. Brittle fracture and agglomeration were proposed as the mechanisms for microstructural alterations during semi-solid state processing.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2007

It is the objective of this paper to study further the notion of ${\Lambda}_s$-semi-${\theta}$-closed sets which is defined as the intersection of a ${\theta}$-${\Lambda}_s$-set and a semi-${\theta}$-closed set. Moreover, introduce some low separation axioms using the above notions. Also we present and study the notions of ${\Lambda}_s$-continuous functions, ${\Lambda}_s$-compact spaces and ${\Lambda}_s$-connected spaces.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.417-431
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• 2006

The notions of IVF strongly semiopen (semiclosed) mappings and IVF strongly semicontinuous mappings are introduced, and several examples are provided. Related properties are investigated. In particular, characterizations of an IVF strongly semiopen mapping and an IVF strongly semicontinuous mapping are discussed.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.945-960
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• 1998

This paper is concerned with investigating the asymptotic behavior of end effects for a generalized heat conduction problem with an added dissipation term defined on a three-dimensional semi-infinite cylinder. With homogeneous Dirichlet conditions on the lateral surface of the cylinder it is shown that solutions either grow exponentially or decay exponentially in the distance from the finite end of the cylinder. In particular, to render decay estimate explicit, we pattern after the analysis of Payne and Song [13, 15]. The continuous dependence effect of perturbing the equations parameters is also investigated.

• 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집
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• pp.319-323
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• 2001

First, we study some properties of F-continuities. Second, we introduce the concept of fuzzy set-valued mappings and study some properties of fuzzy set-valued mappings and fuzzy set-valued continuous mappings. Finally, we Introduce the concept of fuzzy semi-continuous of fuzzy set-valued mappings and investigate their some properties.

• ALGAE
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.109-127
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• 2024

High production and efficient harvesting of microalgae containing high omega-3 levels are critical concerns for industrial use. Aeration can elevate production of some microalgae by providing CO₂ and O₂. However, it may lower the production of others by generating shear stress, causing severe cell damage. The mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae is a new, promising microalga for omega-3 fatty acid production owing to its high docosahexaenoic acid content, and determining optimal conditions and methods for high omega-3 fatty acid production and efficient harvest using G. smaydae is crucial for its commercial utilization. Therefore, to determine whether continuous aeration is required, we measured densities of G. smaydae and the dinoflagellate prey Heterocapsa rotundata in a 100-L semi-continuous cultivation system under no aeration and continuous aeration conditions daily for 9 days. Furthermore, to determine the optimal conditions for harvesting through centrifugation, different rotational speeds of the continuous centrifuge and different flow rates of the pump injecting G. smaydae + H. rotundata cells into the centrifuge were tested. Under continuous aeration, G. smaydae production gradually decreased; however, without aeration, the production remained stable. Harvesting efficiency and the dry weights of omega-3 fatty acids of G. smaydae + H. rotundata cells at a rotational speed of 16,000 rpm were significantly higher than those at 2,000-8,000 rpm. However, these parameters did not significantly differ at injection pump flow rates of 1.0-4.0 L min^-1. The results of the present study provide a basis for optimized production and harvest conditions for G. smaydae and other microalgae.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.493-515
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• 2008

Semi-active control systems have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years because these systems can operate on battery power alone, proving advantageous during seismic events when the main power source of the structure may likely fail. The behavior of semi-active devices is often highly non-linear and requires suitable and efficient control algorithm. This paper presents the comparative study and performance of variable semi-active friction dampers by using recently proposed predictive control law with direct output feedback. In this control law, the variable slip force of semi-active variable friction damper is kept slightly lower than the critical friction force, which allows the damper to remain in the slip state during an earthquake, resulting in improved energy dissipation capability. This control algorithm is able to produce a continuous and smooth slip forces for a variable friction damper. The numerical examples include a structure controlled with multiple variable semi-active friction dampers and with multiple passive friction dampers. A parameter, gain multiplier defined as the ratio of damper force to critical damper control force, is investigated under four different real earthquake ground motions, which plays an important role in the present control algorithm of the damper. The numerically evaluated optimum parametric value is considered for the analysis of the structure with dampers. The numerical results of the variable friction dampers show better performance over the passive dampers in reducing the seismic response of structures.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.187-191
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• 1993

In this note we prove the following result: Let A be a complex Banach *-algebra with continuous involution and let B be an $A^{*}$-algebra./T(A) = B. Then T is continuous (Theorem 2). From above theorem some others results of special interest and some well-known results follow. (Corollaries 3,4,5,6 and 7). We close this note with some generalizations and some remarks (Theorems 8.9.10 and question). Throughout this note we consider only complex algebras. Let A and B be complex algebras. A linear mapping T from A into B is called jordan homomorphism if T( $x^{1}$) = (Tx)$^{2}$ for all x in A. A linear mapping T : A .rarw. B is called spectrally-contractive mapping if .rho.(Tx).leq..rho.(x) for all x in A, where .rho.(x) denotes spectral radius of element x. Any homomorphism algebra is a spectrally-contractive mapping. If A and B are *-algebras, then a homomorphism T : A.rarw.B is called *-homomorphism if (Th)$^{*}$=Th for all self-adjoint element h in A. Recall that a Banach *-algebras is a complex Banach algebra with an involution *. An $A^{*}$-algebra A is a Banach *-algebra having anauxiliary norm vertical bar . vertical bar which satisfies $B^{*}$-condition vertical bar $x^{*}$x vertical bar = vertical bar x vertical ba $r^{2}$(x in A). A Banach *-algebra whose norm is an algebra $B^{*}$-norm is called $B^{*}$-algebra. The *-semi-simple Banach *-algebras and the semi-simple hermitian Banach *-algebras are $A^{*}$-algebras. Also, $A^{*}$-algebras include $B^{*}$-algebras ( $C^{*}$-algebras). Recall that a semi-prime algebra is an algebra without nilpotents two-sided ideals non-zero. The class of semi-prime algebras includes the class of semi-prime algebras and the class of prime algebras. For all concepts and basic facts about Banach algebras we refer to [2] and [8].].er to [2] and [8].].

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 t 준노름이 연속인 경우 이미 주어진 퍼지 측도에 관한 측정 가능한 함수의 준 노름 퍼지 적분을 이용하여 퍼지 측도를 정의하는 방법에 대해서 조사했다. 즉 (X, F, g)이 퍼지 측도 공간이라고 하고 h$\in$L$^\circ$(X), 이며 $\top$는 연속 t 준노름이라 하자. 그러면 임의의 $A\in$F에 대해 $\nu$(A)=$\int _A$h$\top$g에 의하여 정의된 집합치 함수 $\nu$는 (X, F)상에서 퍼지 측도이다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2001

미세조류와 광반응기를 이용한 생물학적 이산화탄소 고정화 방법은 이산화탄소를 경제적으로 제거할 수 있는 방법으로 널리 알려져 있다. 그러나, 미세조류의 종류에 따라서 원활한 성장을 위한 환경 조건 및 성장특성이 상이하기 때문에, 배양하고자하는 미세조류의 성장에 영향을주는 운전 조건을 평가하는 것이 중요하다. 본 실험에 사용된 Euglena gracilis Z는 산성 조건에서도 잘 성장하여 오염의 가능성이 적고, 고농도 이산화탄소(10-20%)에 대한 내성이 강한 것으로 알려져 있다. 또한, 단백질 함량이 풍부하고 세포벽이 얇아 대량 배양시 사료로서의 이용 가치가 높다. 연속식 광반응 배양기를 이용하여 운전을 실시한 결과 $CO_2$ 농도 10%, HRT 4일에서 최종 세포수 $3.57{\times}10^6/m{\ell}$의 높은 성장률을 얻었다 또한 광도에 따라 성장이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과를 통해 연속식 및 반연속식 배양에서의 성장 특성을 비교 평가하였다.