• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.21-30
• /
• 2013

This study aimed to identify elementary school teachers' perceptions of various aspects of physical environments of a classroom. For the purpose, a survey questionnaire was administered to 982 classroom teachers(female 82.2%) working at 67 elementary schools(Seoul 55%) located in Seoul and Busan. According to the analyses of the survey data, 50.8% of the respondent teachers suggested 20-25 as an optimum class size. Also, 57% of the teachers were positive about the current size of a classroom($67.5m^2$), but evaluations of a classroom size were divided between the teachers who had more and less than 30 students in class. Furthermore, three factors, labelled as 'uniqueness', 'residential stability' and 'visually pleasing', were extracted from a factor analysis of the Semantic Differential Scale consisting of 24 adjectives evaluating a classroom environment. Teachers from Busan tended to rate higher in the uniqueness domain while female teachers scored higher in the domain of residential stability, respectively, compared to their counterparts. Overall, the teachers perceived their classrooms having no particular characteristics, but rated highly in terms of stability. In addition, it was found out that the teachers' requests for the improvement of a classroom environment were not so much as the increased size of a classroom as a reduced class size as well as educational facilities that are corresponding to a variety of instructional methods. In summary, this study confirmed that elementary school teachers' perceptions of a classroom environment varied according to such factors as sex, teaching career, grade of their concerned class, and class size.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.205-214
• /
• 2009

This paper addresses analyzing affective color data for emotional interior design. Both the physical and psychological patterns for spatial colors were tested on thirty subjects, of which fifteen were male. All subjects participated in both the physiological and psychological experiments. The data on the reflecting subjects' affective moods is gathered through EEG physical experiments and SD (Semantic Differential Scale) method surveys. This research has suggested the relation of both experiments through affective color response. The methods of SPSS 10.0 and TeleScan Version 2 are used for analyzing response data to coordinate the colour palette with changeable moods. From the analysis of statistical data, all of the visual stimuli related emotional keywords and physiological responses. Finally, the initial goal of this research is to construct an affective colour database that is tested through human color perception by physical and psychological experiments.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to construct the scale in fashion sensibility. Base on the Fashion Magazines and free word association method, 919 affective words were condensed into 36 semantic differential bi-polar scales. 128 male and 128 female in Pusan rated their Fashion Sensibility by 87 kinds of costume samples from photographs divided into four types according to color, detail and trimming, pattern, textile. The obtained data analyzed by Cronbach ${\alpha}$, Factor analysis, Cluster analysis to consider of the reliability, tranquility, and resemblance among the meaning. The results of the analysis, it was found cleary that aesthetics, maturity character, and femininity masculinity etc were consisted of Fashion Sensibility and 25 item of affective words of Fashion Sensibility and 25 item of affective words of Fashion Sensibility were constructed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.135-146
• /
• 2002

The Purpose of this study was to identify the sensibility elements and the evaluative dimensions of internet fashion shopping mall to supply optimal experience to the customer. First, association words for internet fashion shopping mall by open-ended method and sensibility-expression-adjective feeling as navigating personally 57 shopping mall dealing with fashion products were collected. Collected adjectives were ranked after making index by frequency and diversity. Then, correlation analysis was executed to extract independent adjective and their opposite words. Semantic differential scale was made for internet-fashion-shopping-mall-evaluation. After preliminary investigation with this scale, factor analysis was implemented. 12 sensibility evaluation words were extracted. Then, 200 subjects evaluated satisfaction degree for 8 selected shopping mall. To explain the hierarchy of internet fashion shopping mall, cluster analysis was applied. The understanding of sensibility element and evaluative dimensions of internet fashion shopping mall can be utilized efficiently as basic materials when marketer plans internet shopping mall design and makes marketing strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.23 no.8
• /
• pp.1139-1148
• /
• 1999

This paper discussed the assessment of hand of denim fabrics finished by enzymatic hydrolysis. The semantic differential scale established using the database collected from university students. Analyzing the subjective rating by common factor analysis with oblimin rotation five factors expressing the hand were induced. Factor one was the surface property related to the surface roughness or softness Factor two was the durability which was related to the compactness and bearing strength Factor three was the sense of weight which was related to the thickness and weight. The moisture related properties and the sense of shape recovery were the forth and fifth factors respectively. the evaluations on the surface property weight and moisture related properties were similar by men and women However the shape recovery and the durability were evaluated differently. Surface and weight related properties were important factors judging the hand of fabrics by both group.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.105-118
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study is not only to compare between 'Opened Landscape' and 'Filtered Landscape' image and preference but also to suggests a guide line of planting design for progressive realization. For this, the image structures of photo-sketch simulation for parallax landscape have been investigated by Semantic Differential scale(S.D. scale) and the Factor analysis. The results could be summarized as follows. The results of S.D. scale values for landscape through parallax were greater than non-parallax landscape. The scenes through parallax were better preferred to direct view. Thus the results of photo-sketch simulation test support the expected hypothesis that the visual environment of complexity and variety is closely correlated with the parallax effect and monotonous or non-parallax environment, and parallax effect on close view more bigger than the distant view. Factors covering the spatial image of parallax landscape were found to be seven and Total values were 60.35 %. The most important factors determining the parallax effect were Factors I 'depth of space' and VI 'expectation of space and interest'. An outstanding view must be handled properly to be preserved or accentuated. In this sense, the parallax spatial beauty with tree could be improved through the visual aspects of plan arrangements and the progressive realization appeared to be one effective design technique for landscape planning and design.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.51-61
• /
• 2010

According as the quality of life is improved along with economic growth, in the road plan and design sector also, it is now progressed that function oriented design is changed into the landscape oriented design that considers eyesight and emotion, which are psychological properties of users. Accordingly this study tries to come up with reasonable and objective methods to extract various emotional adjectives, which were found by the survey, while minimizing difference among characteristics of emotion and cognition of individuals. First, given semantic differential, based on various emotional adjectives that were found through the survey with the scale up to five points, the author extracted representative emotional adjectives through an element analysis, which is a conventional method of the previous research, and through an identification analysis which is suggested by this study, and then established model I of Quantification. And by using the established quantification model, the author presumed satisfaction degree, and through verifying pair wise comparison with actual satisfaction degree, the author found the results from identification and correlation analysis methods are most similar to actual satisfaction degree. As a result, the author could check the above emotional and correlation analyses were appropriate methods for comprehending which emotional elements are applicable when a continuous road landscape is designed by identification and correlation analyses.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.105-121
• /
• 2018

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the perceptions of pre-service teachers regarding their self-image as early childhood teachers, according to their grade. The subject of this study were 167 university students in early childhood department in Jeonnam province. Methods: In order to examine self-image as early childhood teachers, semantic differential meaning scale that was consist of 40 bipolar adjective items was administrated. Data were analysed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Results: First, pre-service teachers had positive self image as early childhood teacher. Second, according to grades the appreciation self image as early childhood teacher showed significant difference. To be more specific and are revealed significantly distinctness. But, score was not distinct by grade, and mean score of was lower than mean score of other area scores. Third, self image as early childhood teacher displayed the positively developing, that is to say, the image of early childhood teachers definitely changed by grade in teacher training course. Conclusion/Implications: The effect brought about this study indicate that the need of support socio-political concern for early childhood teachers and try to form positive teachers' image through organized in-service education.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.139-147
• /
• 2003

The main purpose of this study is to obtain forest scenic beauty management informations toward forest working systems in pinus densiflora forest stands, etc. To get these information, visual preference and spatial image analysis methods are used. 25 different alternatives were simulated to visualize on basis of actual forest working methods with taken photos from May to July, 2003. The options were illustrated as photos produced by computer software. Respondents' ratings for 25 landscape scenes were obtained by interview survey method. Each alternatives were evaluated by forest major student group with total 103 respondents after reliability test. Visual preference evaluation was used 10 point rating scale. Spatial images of 12 alternatives were measured by 12 semantic differential scale. In general, the respondents preferred refreshing and ordering forest stand after forest working to natural forest stand before forest working. High visual preference for forest density produces 400-600 trees/ha in small diameter class forest stands. Regarding visual preference according to pavement type of trail, soil trail is ranked high. Visual preference for cutting area ranks mature forest stand and visual preference for trail slope cover type ranks shrub with grass as relatively high on the preference scale. Through the factor analysis, spatial images of 12 coniferous forest stands are classified as 'ordered opened' and 'beautiful healthy'. Results indicate how to conduct forest working systems for forest scenic beauty management.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.58-66
• /
• 2002

The objectives of this study are to develope sensibility image scales for Korean traditional motifs by quantitatively measuring their images and preference and to classify them into clusters. Data were collected via a questionnaire from seven hundred twenty five Korean undergraduate students. Re experimental materials were forty eight stimuli of Korean traditional motifs with different categories, interpretation types, composition types, and application objects. The instruments consisted of 7-point polar semantic differential scales of twenty three bipolar adjectives including preference. Data were analyzed by correspondence analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Re major results are as follows; image scales for textile patterns and dress designs using Korean traditional motifs were constructed. The axes of sensibility image scales for both textile patterns and dress designs were defined by quality level and degree of simplicity. Second, four clusters on the scale of textile patterns and two clusters on the scale dress designs were identified. Third, in the case of textile Patterns, the preferred cluster had high-quality and classical images, while the cluster that was not preferred had a complex image. In the case of dress designs, the preferred cluster had simple and high-quality images, while the cluster that was not preferred had complex and low-quality images.