• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2004

Price is one of the most important components of marketing mix. For consumers, price is an always-existing cue and definite evaluation criteria. However, information on price is meaningful only when it is perceived. Sources of price perception can be the actual retail price at the selling point, the internal reference price expected by consumers for a certain clothing product, and the external reference price advertised by marketer such as the price before mark-down. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of internal reference price on consumers' purchasing process of clothing products. A questionnaire including clothing stimuli was developed in order to assess consumers' internal reference price level. Usable data from 680 adult female urban residents were used for data analysis. Results indicated that consumers with relatively lower internal reference price tend to react low-price focused external reference price and use discount stores and unit price promotions. Consumers with relatively higher internal reference price advertisement are likely to have higher level of education, tend to infer price information to higher quality or prestige of products, and purchase clothing with regular retail price or coupons.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.20-27
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• 2008

Tolerance design has been identified as an important research area and a number of models have been proposed in the literature. This paper investigates the effect of limited capacity on tolerance design for products with nominal-the-best type (N-type) quality characteristics. The model is developed under the assumption that the reprocessed and nonreprocessed items are produced by the same manufacturing process and therefore their quality characteristics are identically and independently distributed. Profit models are constructed which involve four price/cost components; selling price, cost incurred by imperfect quality, reprocessing and quality inspection costs. Methods of finding the optimal tolerance limits are presented, and a numerical example is given. Sensitivity analyses are also performed to study the effect of a process standard deviation on this model.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.33-41
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• 2020

Purpose: This study assesses the marketing practices and value-added fish products under the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program (COREMAP) in East Indonesia. Research design, data and methodology: This study gathered qualitative and quantitative data through i) focus group discussions (FGD) with fishers, traders and COREMAP officers, ii) surveys and iii) interviews with fishermen and traders. This study surveyed 714 households (365 in COREMAP and 349 in non-COREMAP) and 33 traders (17 in COREMAP and 16 in non-COREMAP) using structured questionnaires between January and March 2016. This study used Shepherd's Index to estimate the marketing efficiency for each stage of the marketing channel. For value-added fish products, the value is determined by the difference between processed output and the raw product used. Results: Marketing cost in the non-COREMAP area was more efficient than in COREMAP as indicated by lower operational cost and higher selling price. However, no value-added fish products were produced in the non-COREMAP area. This study noted a lower catch in COREMAP area, which implies COREMAP program successfully reduced fishing pressure. Conclusions: This study identified poor infrastructure and the limited market as the major problems in developing value-added fish products in both COREMAP and non-COREMAP area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.723-733
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• 2004

This study was designed to find out the effects of country-of-origin and price on the perceived quality, perceived value and purchase willingness of t-shirt products. This study will allow marketers to find the target consumers and to choose both the suitable country -of -origin and the reasonable selling price. This study was based on theoretical and empirical methods. For the empirical methodology, 3${\times}$3 between subjects factorial design with country-of-origin (U.S.A. vs. Korea vs. China) and price(high price vs. middle price vs. low price) was used. The nine types surveys by country-of-origin and price were transmitted to 960 undergraduate and graduate school students in Seoul. A total of 912 questionnaires were used in the final statistical analyses using factor analysis, MANOVA, Duncan test, and Tukey test. The results of this study were as follows: First, in the case of the perceived quality, participants evaluated t-shirt products better when the origin is U.S.A. followed by Korea and China in the order. Second, price affected the perceived value and purchase willingness. In the perceived value and purchase willingness, low priced t-shirt products were evaluated higher than the middle and high priced ones. Third, in the perceived quality, high priced Korean t-shirt products were evaluated lower than high and middle priced American t-shin products. In the perceived value, low priced Chinese t-shirt products were evaluated lower than middle priced Korean t-shirt products. In the purchase willingness, low priced American and low priced Korean t-shirt products and middle priced Korean t-shirt products were evaluated higher than all priced Chinese t-shirt products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.4 no.3 s.9
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• pp.50-57
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to scrutinize Internet sites which recently promote and sell Hanbok products online and to compare and analyze the formation and management conditions of those by types. One hundred thirty well-known Internet sites related to Hanbok products were studied on the formation and management conditions. The elements of Hanbok products, sales, promotion, and customer service were also discussed as details. In this study, those Internet sites were divided into six categories; private Hanbok designer sites, famous Hanbok brand sites, Hanbok specialized shopping mall sites, Hanbok rental sites, general and specialized Hanbok sites, and Hanbok information sites. The results of this study are as follows. First, the sites of private Hanbok designers and famous Hanbok brands are un for the purpose of promoting rather than selling its products. Second, the object of operating Hanbok specialized shopping mall sites is to sell its products via the Internet with practical Hanbok and kids Hanbok as the central items. These sites are fairly well organized. They show various items and provide information on descriptions, prices, and sizes of its products and offer customer service for sales. Third, custom-made Hanbok is also available alongside of Hanbok rentals on Hanbok rental sites. There are two kinds of rentals, door-to-door rental and online rental and customers normally rent traditional Hanbok for their needs. Fourth, products are sold in the order of kids Hanbok, practical Hanbok, Hanbok accessories, and traditional Hanbok on the general and specialized Hanbok sites. Finally, Hanbok information sites furnish various information on Hanbok and provide link services through making partnerships with other Hanbok cooperations.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.169-188
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• 2013

Established in 2006 as the forward integration effort by Taesung Industry, the major cosmetic packaging company, TONYMOLY has phenomenally grown to one of the major cosmetic brand companies in the submarket called, 'one brand-shop' of cosmetic market since 2008, after overcoming the crisis of 'going out of business' in a couple of early years. Within a relatively short period of time, TONYMOLY's performances have dramatically improved in terms of metrics such as growth in sales revenue, the number of stores, the average sales per store, transaction value per customer, the number of monthly transactions, the number of membership-based customers, and overseas sales. In this case study, we have examined TONYMOLY's recent marketing activities which may explain the plausible reasons behind the substantial growth of a small but smart cosmetic company. Above all, the first key success factor of TONYMOLY would be found in its adherence to the clear philosophy of the customer value proposition and/or the differentiated position of TONYMOLY as a brand of providing value. Second, this brand concept of value was first penetrated and welcomed among the foothold customer target group of mid and late teens with appropriate products, while the target groups were later expanded into the age group of twenties along with expansion of relevant products. Third, its differentiation efforts have been concrete and meaningful by utilizing unique ingredients in its product development and marketing efforts, unique fun packaging, and continuously introducing new hit-selling products as well as managing steady-selling products. Fourth, TONYMOLY has been smart enough to use its limited marketing money efficiently and effectively in its marketing communication activities. Viral marketing, PPL, and concentrated media planning and execution turned out to produce effective and efficient market-based performances such as awareness, word-of-mouth, and sales. Lastly, the marketing leadership of CEO and top management, emphasizing communications and interactions, was confirmed in the relationship quality with and trust level of its franchisees and internal employees. These key success factors may explain the recent phenomenal market performances of TONYMOLY. Despite recent successes, the major issues are presented for TONYMOLY to consider for maintaining its sustainable advantages and growth. The first issue concerns TONYMOLY's choice of growth philosophy between product/brand-centric marketing and customer-centric marketing. The second challenging issue relates to how TONYMOLY can cope with 'growing pains' plausibly accompanied with the rapid growth.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.661-674
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• 2009

Recently, there has been much research and many attempts to enhance converged information technology services using new technology such as ubiquitous sensor networks (USN) in medical, environmental, industrial, and logistic areas. There has also been much research and various attempts to apply this new technology to agricultural areas. However, applications to the agricultural areas should be considered differently against the same areas such as medical, environmental, industrial, and logistics. Therefore, this paper suggests that an agricultural cultivating management and traceability system. This system is a unified system that supports the processes sowing seeds through selling agricultural products to consumers. Farmers can be provided with an effective calendar for cultivation and weather information in real time as well as the monitoring of the growth of farm products on the farm in real time using this system. Farmers can also control all equipment installed on the farm directly or remotely and the equipment can be controlled automatically when the measured values such as temperature and humidity deviate from the decent criteria which are set by farmers or this system. Additionally, the reliability for and the better quality of the agricultural products can be improved because farmers can use this unified system to cover all processes from sowing seeds to selling to consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.825-836
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• 2019

This study focuses on how to improve the use of the sustainable clothing through consignment clothing Stores. This study finds factors for activating consignment clothing stores that can help expand and implement the clothing consumption culture of Korean consumers towards sustainable clothing behavior. The objectives of this study are as follows. First, we identify consumer's sustainable apparel behavior through an in-depth interview with a manager who is currently working in a consignment-selling apparel company in Seoul. Second, we analyze factors for activating a consignment clothing store that help enable the implementation of concrete action plans into Korean culture and towards a sustainable clothing behavior. The study results on consignment clothing stores serve as service factors. First, it increases the participation of consumers in the mindset of secondhand apparel. Second, it secures the quality of used apparel products. Third, it can be seen by expanding the market channel. There is a need to rethink the specialty of apparel products in order to secure the quality of used apparel products and appraisal of experienced apprentices of commodity appraisers.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.45-55
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• 2013

Cosmetic products are high value-added ones, and characterized by short life-cycles and income elasticity. Since most cosmetic products are procured through consults with salespersons, it is necessary to have detailed knowledge about basic cosmetics. In this paper, a possible relationship marketing strategy is suggested using the results of examining the effects of relationship marketing factors and relationship quality in cosmetics industry. The findings of this research can be summarized as follows. In order to examine the effects of relationship marketing factors and relationship quality on satisfaction which is a relationship performance, and the willingness to procure it again, this paper executed multiple regression analysis. The typical findings of this paper are as follows. The higher the specialty is, the better the brand image is, the higher customization and trust with customer are, the higher satisfaction and willingness to buy it again get. The analysis of relative influences of sub-factors revealed that trust was the strongest factor. In this paper, by revealing the effects of relationship marketing factors and relationship quality on relationship performance, empirically suggested the results which show the same findings as those of previous researches. This result can be a method to establish systematic education systems in places selling basic cosmetic products and in cosmetics companies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.822-838
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• 2023

Reselling, an activity of purchasing high-scarcity products and selling them back at high prices, has gained popularity among those in their 20s and 30s in recent years. This study examines the resell activity process of the MZ generation using the online second-hand platform and its inherent meaning. Interviews with 15 participants in their 20s and 30s showed that respondents have four purchase stages: being influenced by social media, collecting and comparing information using various social media, purchasing efforts, and post-purchase behavior. The research derived three inherent meanings of resell activities: (1) means of self-presentation and differentiation, (2) confirmation of investment skills and aptitude to lead fashion trends, and (3) pleasure of consumption. Respondents indicated meeting self-satisfaction through public selfies on social media. In addition, they emphasized the empirical pleasure during the buying journey by collecting product information, comparing prices, and negotiating with buyers. Our findings confirm the spread of resell activities from minority groups to enthusiastic youth. This study is significant for focusing on fashion products that attract attention in the resell market and examining the respondents' consumption experiences from various perspectives.