• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.214-222
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• 2013

This study investigated the relationships between sensory processing patterns and pain catastrophizing levels in well older adults to provide basic information for rehabilitation intervention. The participants of this study were 216 older adults aged over 65. The Adolescent/Adults Sensory Profile(AASP) was used to measure sensory processing patterns and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale(PCS) was employed to evaluate psychological variables of the pain. Self perception of the pain was measured with the Numerical Rating Scale(NRS). Gender and age differences were analyzed with t-test and relationships among sensory processing patterns, pain catastrophizing and pain symptom levels were analyzed with Pearson product-moment coefficients of correlation. Women had higher 'sensory sensitivity' and 'sensory avoiding.' The group over 75 years old had higher 'sensory avoiding,' 'low registration' and 'sensory seeking.' Women had higher pain catastrophizing and pain symptom levels. Negative correlations between 'rumination' and 'low registration' and 'helplessness' and 'sensory seeking' were found. Positive correlations were found between pain catastrophizing and pain symptom levels when they were 'sensory sensitivity' and 'sensory avoiding.' The results infer that sensory processing patterns are associated with psychological variables of the pain and there are differences based on gender and age. Further studies are warranted to support the results.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.4514-4523
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• 2013

Currently the number of unsold housing is rapid increasing over again in the Seoul Metropolitan area. So this research analyzed effective and possible solutions focus on the potential customers and professionals. There was a research method setting up alternative solutions from the existing researches and the other suggestions though FGI (Focus Group Interview) by professionals. And then it investigated the efficient ways to resolve those problems through Conjoint Analysis. According to the result of this paper, firstly the customers considered 'financial supports', 'self-rescue efforts for construction companies' and 'taxation support' than the other. On the other hand, professionals evaluated 'publicly purchased housing' and 'new housing policies' were more essential solutions besides, both of them recognized the importance of ;financial support'. Secondly there were some ideas that it was necessary to more less control LTV (Loan to Value ratio) and DIT ( Debt to Income) and the LH (Korea Land and Housing Corporation) buy unsold housing. Finally the government and housing association had to manage and intervene the supply of housing within metropolitan area and restrict to building new properties and the construction companies actively provide less strict standard terms and conditions in contract for purchasing housing for instance, the decline of housing sale price or interest-free and so on.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.177-184
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the levels of psychosocial stress, job stress and their related factors among medical doctors practicing at local clinics. Methods : A survey using a self administered questionnaire was administered to 1,456 doctors practicing at private clinics via post for 2 months (2006. 1 - 2006. 3). Psychosocial stress, job stress, demographic factors, job related factors and health related behaviors were investigated. Among the eligible study population, the respondents were 428 doctors (29.4%). Results : The average scores of psychosocial stress and job stress were 2.19 and 3.13, respectively. The levels of psychosocial stress and job stress were statistically lower in older respondents, those who worked shorter or who were more satisfied with their job, and those with higher socioeconomic status. The level of psychosocial stress was related with smoking status, drinking status and exercise. The level of job stress was related with smoking status and exercise. In multiple linear regression analysis using psychosocial stress as a dependent variable, age, working hours per day, job satisfaction and perception on socioeconomic status were significant independent variables. In analysis using job stress as a dependent variable, age, working hours per day and job satisfaction were significant independent variables. Conclusions : Stress affects the doctor-patient relationship, productivity and overall health level of people. Therefore, it is important to manage and relieve the stress of doctors. It is suggested that more advanced studies on stress level and related factors and ways to improve the stress and health related behaviors of medical doctors should be conducted.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.79-94
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• 2000

The purposes of this study were to : (a) analyze university students' perception and patronage behaviors to the service quality dimensions, and (b) assist university residence hall foodservices in formulating improved managerial strategies. Questionnaires were hand delivered and mailed to 1,210 university students residing in the residence hall and 13 foodservice managers. A total of 1,011 was usable; resulting in 83.6% response rate. The survey was conducted between October, 1998 and May, 1999. Statistical data analysis was completed using the SAS/Win 6.12 for Descriptive Analysis, $x^2-test$, T-test, ANOVA, and Stepwise Multiple Regression. Forty-seven percent of the respondents indicated that 'taste' was their first priority when choosing a menu. The reasons behind choosing residence hall foodservice were 'location', 'board plan', 'price', 'taste', 'opening hours', and 'menu variety'. The main reasons of dissatisfaction with the residence hall foodservice were 'board plan', 'taste', 'menu variety'. The overall satisfaction score was 2.99 out of 5. The satisfaction score of ${\ulcorner}convenience{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}food\;quality{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}menu\;variety{\lrcorner}$were 3.25, 2.94 and 2.76, respectively. Generally, male students were more satisfied than females. Graduate students and students living in residence halls over six semesters were the most dissatisfied with the residence hall foodservice. Residence hall students were dissatisfied with the variables ${\ulcorner}menu\;variety{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}facilities{\lrcorner}$in 'self-operated' operations, whereas ${\ulcorner}food\;quality{\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}menu\;variety{\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}price{\lrcorner}$ in 'contracted' operations. Foodservice operations with 'less than 1,000 meals serving per day' was the highest satisfaction score(3.36) among other serving sizes. Meal price with 'less than 1,300 won' was most satisfied with students. When overall customer satisfaction and service quality dimensions were analyzed by Stepwise Multiple Regression ${\ulcorner}food\;quality{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}price{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}facilities{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}convenience{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}menu\;variety{\lrcorner}$(p<.001), ${\ulcorner}manager's\;attitude{\lrcorner}$(p<.0l), and ${\ulcorner}atmosphere{\lrcorner}$(p<.01), in decreasing order, significantly impacted on ${\ulcorner}overall\;customer\;satisfaction{\lrcorner}$.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.259-267
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• 2009

This study intends to figure out the variables affecting the degree of female undergraduates' perceived risk of smoking and utilize them as foundational data for educating them to quit smoking. Thereupon, it conducted a self-administered survey from May 18 till 25 of 2009 to 231 female undergraduates attending S University located in Gyeonggi-do. The study tool contains 19 items of general characteristics and 8 of the degree of perceived risk of smoking. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS program, and the following results were gained. 1. According to the result on the degree of female undergraduates' perceived risk of smoking, the degree was shown high as the average was 4.32 among the perfect score of 5; thus, the degree of perceived risk of smoking was high. 2. In terms of the household economic level, female undergraduates with the lower economic level indicated the higher degree of perceived risk of smoking. There existed significant difference by their economic level (F=7.14, p<.01). 3. In regard of whether the female undergraduate smokes or not, the non-smoker perceives the degree of risk of smoking more highly than the smoker does; there is significant difference by whether they smoke or not (t=-2.43, p<.05). 4. About the number of friends who smoke, female undergraduates with one smoking friend show the highest degree of perceived risk of smoking. Those haying three or more smoking friends indicate the low degree of perceived risk of smoking. There exists significant difference by the number of smoking friends they have (F=3.14, p<.05). 5. According to the degree of perceived risk of smoking by their school life satisfaction, the female undergraduates expressing 'dissatisfaction' show the highest degree of perceived risk of smoking while 'satisfaction' indicates the average level. This was statistically significant difference (F=4.81, p<.01). Therefore, it is thought that it will be necessary to develop programs based on this research which can allow female undergraduates to team the importance of quitting smoking and actively participate in the education for it.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.93-101
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• 2016

Purpose - As more consumers pursue high quality products at reasonable prices, Korean retail companies are increasing investment in expanding their outlet stores. Despite the growing importance of the outlet business, there has been very little empirical research on consumers' outlet shopping behaviors. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between consumers' perceived product value (performance quality, value for money, and social value) of outlet stores and overall shopping satisfaction and the effect of shopping satisfaction on outlet store loyalty. Research design, data and methodology - The authors developed a structural model in which performance quality, value for money, and social value of products are proposed to affect overall outlet shopping satisfaction, thus increasing customer loyalty. To analyze the research model, data were collected from 88 shoppers at suburban outlets. SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0 were utilized to test the hypotheses. The unidimensionality of each construct was supported from the results of the reliability test with Cronbach's α and confirmatory factor analyses. Correlation analysis was performed and the results warranted the nomological validity of the measures. The fit statistics of the overall model analysis demonstrated an acceptable fit(X²(₁₆₁)=171.651, p=.000; X²/df=1.546; GFI=.821, NFI=.879, TLI=.942, CFI=.953, RMR=.035, RMSEA=.079). Results - The findings are as follows. First, consumers' perceived value of product performance quality had a significant positive effect on overall outlet shopping satisfaction. Consumers, who evaluate performance quality of the product more positively, tend to express stronger satisfaction and happiness about outlet shopping experience. Second, consumers' perceived social value of outlet products influenced their overall satisfaction significantly. Consumers who believe that products of outlet stores enhance self-concepts are more likely to satisfy with outlet shopping experience. However, consumers' perception of outlet products on value for money was not found to significantly influence overall shopping satisfaction. Finally, overall shopping satisfaction had a significant and positive influence on loyalty. Conclusions - While outlet retailers have traditionally focused on promoting competitively priced merchandise, the results of this study suggest that customers' overall satisfaction with outlet shopping is influenced more by the non-price-related product values. In the context of an outlet shopping environment, performance quality and social value of the products were found to be more critical predictors of customer overall satisfaction. Therefore, it would not be efficient for outlet retailers to highlight economic value of their merchandise. Instead, they need to investigate the performance quality of the products regularly and try to deliver quality guaranteed goods to enhance customer satisfaction. Also, outlet retailers should differentiate their businesses by carrying more unique and prestigious brands and emphasize higher social value and symbolic meanings of their products. As competition among outlet retailers are getting fierce, retail companies need to focus on strengthening customer loyalty with a long-term perspective. With a deeper understanding of the relationship between consumers' perceived product values and shopping satisfaction, outlet retailers will be able to develop customer loyalty strategies effectively and to achieve competitive advantage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.57
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• pp.43-82
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• 2017

As material perspective that stresses absolute income has limitations in explaining socioeconomic gradients in health, research on the relationship between an individual's subjective socioeconomic status(SSS) and health has emerged in recent years. Although previous research has been conducted mostly on adults, late school-aged children, who frequently evaluate themselves using social comparisons, are likely to subjectively perceive their socioeconomic status and be affected by their perception. Accordingly, this study examined the relationship between late school-aged children's SSS and their physical health, and its underlying path based on a psychosocial perspective. For this purpose, data from the first year survey of the Seoul Education and Health Welfare Panel (2014), which consisted of responses from 394 children ($4^{th}$ graders in elementary school) and their parents, were analyzed utilizing structural equation modeling. The results showed an indirect but significant relationship between late school-aged children's SSS and their physical health, via stress, self-efficacy, and health behaviors, which are mediating variables grounded on a psychosocial perspective. No direct relationship was found between late school-aged children's SSS and physical health. Based on these findings, we suggested several implications to improving children's health, including efforts to prevent adverse effects of low SSS on physical health through psychosocial factors.

• Journal of Korean Classical Literature and Education
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• no.35
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• pp.221-251
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• 2017

This study attempts to examine the problem of properties mentioned in Shin Jae hyo's adapted version of Baktaryeong through the property related behavior of the characters, and discuss Shin Jae hyo's view of properties and his contemporary perception problems. As a result, in Baktaryeong, Nolbu takes the shape of a rich farmer in the existing text with grain centered accumulated properties, and of a wealthy man who is skilled in money management and growth as an economically well-informed person. In contrast, Heungbu is a poor peasant isolated from his own farm without enough property to minimally survive, representing the alienated poor who can not adapt to the currency economy led by the Nolbu people. This adaptation could have been a product of Shin Jae hyo's own view of property. Through the detailed description of Baktaryeong, it can be seen that he found it difficult to observe too much, but he thought that interest in property and money seemed basically to be affirmed in human life. In addition, in terms of issues of the poor, he found that the economic efforts of the lower classes and the care of the rich should be needed for the poor. However, he was forced to put the sense of crisis and the self defense consciousness as a wealthy family of middle class in the local society under the rapidly changing circumstances of the time into the text. That is, Baktaryeong included his own diagnosis of the present reality by drawing the issue of wealth and poverty in existing Heungboga(jeon), which is perhaps more appropriate for reality based on Shin Jae hyo's own view of properties.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.231-237
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to present theoretical and policy implications based on the results of the empirical analysis of job stress in consideration of insufficient prior research on the level of job stress by public officials in charge of social welfare and public officials in general administration. For this purpose, social welfare and general administrative positions working at the City Hall of G Metropolitan City and five autonomous districts(including the Dong community service center) were selected as subjects for research. The data analysis used the SPSS statistical program to obtain technical statistics based on the average of the lower variables of the job stress. According to the analysis, there is a difference in the subjective perception level of public officials in charge of social welfare and public officials in general administration in both internal factors of job, such as job demands and job autonomy and external factors of job, such as job insecurity, organizational system, conflict of relations, inadequate compensation, and job culture. Based on this, it presented policy measures that require the granting of self-esteem of public officials in charge of social welfare, improvement of their duties, and adjustment of their workload to an appropriate level.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 1996

The purpose of the survey was to identify the degree and the relationship of sexual knowledge, sexual attitude and need of sex education. This information will provide useful data for a more systematic. desirable, and practical sex education. The data was collected from 300 first grade schoolchildren (150 boys and 150 girls) of two Junior high school in K city. The data was gathered by questionnaire from Nov.21 to 28, 1995. The questionnaire was modified by authors using the questionnaire developed by Lief & Reed. Data was analyzed by using the statistical computer package, SAS to manipulate the data along with percentages, means, standard deviation, t-test, $X^2$-test, GLM, and Pearson correlation coeffiency. The results in this study were summarized as follows: 1. Sexual knowledge. - The mean score of sexual knowledges showed no significant differences between boys and girls(p<0.6180), but in the areas of biological differences(boys; $11.57{\pm}2.43$, girls; $10.93{\pm}2.41$, p<0.0242), and pregnancy physiology(boys; $9.28{\pm}1.87$, girls; $10.04{\pm}2.42$, p<0.0026) showed significant difference between boys and girls. 2. Sexual attitudes. - The mean score of sexual attitudes showed no significant difference between boys and girls (p<0.8286), but in the areas of masturbation (boys : $6.69{\pm}2.22$, girls : $5.65{\pm}1.88$, p<0.0001), and premarital intercourse (boys : $5,42{\pm}1.35$, girls : $6.00{\pm}1.33$, p<0.0002) showed significant difference between boys and girls 3. Need of sex education. - The majority of the subjects wanted to learn about sexual delinquency and it's prevention(57.7%), form a friendship with the other sex(56.3%), physical differences of the other sex(52.0%), psychological differences and the charateriatics of the other sex (50.3%) and meaning of love(50.3%). 4. The relationships between sexual knowledges and sexual attitudes. - Those who had higher sexual knowledges showed more positive attitudes towards sex, and showed statistical significance(r=0.2074, p<0.0003). 5. The relationships between general charateristics and sexual knowledge. - Better students(by self-perception of school performance) had higher knowledge scores about sex. 6. The relationships between general charateristics and sexual attitudes. - Those who wanted to learn more about sex, and better students had higher attitude scores about sex. - Those who were in high standard of living had higher attitude scores about sex as well. Suggestions based on above study are as follows' 1. The planned sex education showed be performed to the schoolchildren establish responsible attitudes about sex. 2. Systematic sex education through formal school education according to age is recommended. 3. Further studies should be done to measure the effect of sex education based on the needs of the schoolchildren.