• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.215-228
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is analysis of 52 dissertations on assertiveness training which presented from 1982 to 1997 in Korea. It was diversified the research purpose to by 1) time of publication or presentation 2) research design, characteristics of subjects used in each study 3) related concepts, the effects of nursing interventions according to related concepts 4) the effects of nursing interventions according to the subjects 5) the effects of nursing interventions according to the frequency and the period of assertiveness training 6) the effects of nursing interventions according to the group size. 7) the effects of nursing interventions according to the necessary time per round. Findings obtained in the study were as follows : 1. At the point of the numbers of studies presented by year, the number of the studies tend to increase, especially the most plentiful papers were presented during five years from 1991 to 1995. 2. Research design of the studies belong to experimental research. The subjects of research consists of 5 Nursing related subjects and 47 Non-nursing related subjects so that Non-nursing related subjects contain much large proportion. 3. When studies were classified by the related concepts, they were classified that 17 studies were by assertiveness & assertive behaviour, 15 ones anxiety, 9 ones self & ego, 7 ones depression. It can be inferred that studies related to assertive behaviour, self & ego, sociality and power of learning were increasing. Otherwise, studies related to anxiety, depression, aggression, shyness and anguish were decreasing. 4. At the point of the nursing intervention effect by the subjects, the concepts of assertive behavior, feeling of self-respect and sociality were increasing, but the concepts of conflict and interpersonal stress were decreasing and the concepts of anxiety and sociality were ineffective in the subjects related Nursing. On the contrary, the concepts of assertive behavior, sociality and personalty were increasing, but the concepts of anxiety, depression, aggression, shyness, self-estranged feeling were decreasing and the concepts of assertive behavior, aggression, personalty, power of learning, anxiety, self-concepts and self-expression were ineffective in the subjects related Non-Nursing. 5. 18 studies can be found, which investigated 10 times for 5 weeks from the point of the nursing intervention effect by the times and the period of assertiveness training. In case of over 5 times of assertiveness training, assertiveness, assertive behavior and personality(tranquility, depression) increased. In 6 times, feeling of self-respect & egorespect increased but depression, interpersonal stress and anxiety decreased. In over 10 times, shyness, shame and feeling of self-estrangement decreased. In over 12 times, interpersonal anxiety decreased. 6. In the event of nursing intervention effect by the size of the group, it was greatest within 10 persons in 21 studies. In case of within 10 to 20, only feeling of self-expression were ineffective. Particularly, in case of over 31 persons, there were no ineffective concepts. 7. At the viewpoint of nursing intervention effect by the necessary time of one time, it was greatest within 1 to 2 hours in 32 studies. In case of within 1hour, aggression, power of learning and assertiveness were ineffective. In case of within 1 to 2 hours, assertive behavior, self-expression, personality and anxiety were ineffective. Particularly, in case of within 2 to 3 hours, there were no ineffective concepts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.400-412
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• 2020

The "genderless fashion" style adopted by 20 to 30-year-olds in Korea cannot be ignored in the consumer fashion code. This study investigated self-images of Korean genderless fashion consumers through in-depth interviews. Interview analyses confirmed that Korean genderless fashion consumers express their self-image through clothing. As the theoretical framework, this study used Lacan's concept of desire to classify the types of self-image consumers want to express. The results are classified into three subject types: those who pursue self-fulfillment, those who pursue fulfillment from others, and those who pursue endless fulfillment through a self-image. This reflects various factors and the subjects' desires. Further, a subject's desire to present a specific self-image was an important factor in understanding the genderless fashion style. The study results revealed that modern fashion is an "unconscious" field of self-expression that crucially reflects individual desires. The study also contributes to the understanding of the concept of self-image at large.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.151-157
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• 2017

In the case of uploading privacy information of an information owner in the Internet, the information owner may want to deliver the privacy information itself or remove such information from the search list in order to prevent third parties from accessing the privacy information of the information owner. Such a right to be forgotten may collide with the freedom of expression of a third party. The right to be forgotten, which originates from the self-determination right on privacy information based on Article 10 and 17 of the Constitution and the freedom of expression, which is based on Article 21 thereof are all relative basic rights and are both limited by Item 2 under Article 37 of the same law, which is the general limitation provision for the basic rights. Therefore, when the right to be forgotten and the freedom of expression collides, it is not possible to give priority to one of the those unilaterally. It depends on the nature of the case at hand to find a natural balance for the harmonious solution for both parties. The criteria can be the sensitivity to the privacy of the information owner caused by the disclose of the privacy information, the public benefits such information may serve, the social common good that could be expected by the disclosure of the privacy information and the damages suffered in terms of the personal interest caused by the disclosure of the information, in a comprehensive manner.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.54-65
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• 2017

Although cancer/testis antigen DDX53 confers anti-cancer drug-resistance, the effect of DDX53 on cancer stem cell-like properties and autophagy remains unknown. MDA-MB-231 ($CD133^+$) cells showed higher expression of DDX53, SOX-2, NANOG and MDR1 than MDA-MB-231 ($CD133^-$). DDX53 increased in vitro self-renewal activity of MCF-7 while decreasing expression of DDX53 by siRNA lowered in vitro self-renewal activity of MDA-MB-231. DDX53 showed an interaction with EGFR and binding to the promoter sequences of EGFR. DDX53 induced resistance to anti-cancer drugs in MCF-7 cells while decreased expression of DDX53 by siRNA increased the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 to anti-cancer drugs. Negative regulators of DDX53, such as miR-200b and miR-217, increased the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 to anti-cancer drugs. MDA-MB-231 showed higher expression of autophagy marker proteins such as ATG-5, $pBeclin1^{Ser15}$ and LC-3I/II compared with MCF-7. DDX53 regulated the expression of marker proteins of autophagy in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. miR-200b and miR-217 negatively regulated the expression of autophagy marker proteins. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed the direct regulation of ATG-5. The decreased expression of ATG-5 by siRNA increased the sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs in MDA-MB-231 cells. In conclusion, DDX53 promotes stem cell-like properties, autophagy, and confers resistance to anti-cancer drugs in breast cancer cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.237-243
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• 1998

To understand the tissue specific expression pattern of S RNase genes associated with self-incompatibility in L. peruvianum, two promoter regions of $S_{11}$ and $S_{12}$ RNase genes were compared. Homologous sequences between two S RNase gene promoters were found within 300 bp upstream of transcription start site. Moreover short direct repeat sequences within $S_{11}$ RNase gene promoter existed in the vicinity of 350-500 bp upstream of transcription start site. To identify whether the unique promoter sequences of $S_{11}$ RNase gene confer the tissue specific expression, six deletion fragments for $S_{11}$ genomic gene promoter constructed by PCR were fused to $\beta$-glucuronidase gene, and introduced into various tissues of L. peruvianum by microprojectile bombardment. Transient expression assays indicated that $S_{11}$ RNase gene promoter contained the positive and negative regulatory sequences, which can control the floral tissue-specific expression in L. peruvianum.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1076-1084
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a cognitive behavioral anger management intervention in order to increase self-consciousness and decrease anger among Korean military men, Methods: A quasi-experimental design was used for this study. Ninety two soldiers were screened for unhealthy anger expression using a questionnaire. Among them, 26 soldiers who showed unhealthy anger expression were selected for this study. They were matched by rank and assigned to either a treatment or control group. The treatment group received the intervention three consecutive times, once a week and for 120 minutes per session. Participants were assessed before and after the intervention for anger (the State-Trait Anger Scale) and self-consciousness (Self-consciousness Scale). Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcox on signed rank test. Results: There was no statistically significant decrease in anger or increase in self-consciousness between the two groups following treatment. However, there was a significant increase in private self-consciousness in the treatment group after the intervention(p=.006). Conclusion: The cognitive behavioral anger management program improves private self-consciousness in soldiers. However, Additional research is needed to explore whether long-term intervention is more effective for anger control in the military setting. The findings from this study suggest that more attention should be given to mental health care for Korean soldiers.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.886-902
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• 2016

This study investigated multidimensional body image, self-esteem, clothing benefits sought, and Body Image After Breast Cancer (BIABC) within surgical subgroups among breast cancer survivors. The study applied the questionnaire survey method and the main research was conducted through an online survey. The respondents included 207 breast cancer survivors between the ages of 30 and 59, each of whom received the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ). Self-esteem, clothing benefits sought, examination, and demographic variables were measured using a 5-point Likert scale. The main results of this study are outlined below. For clothing benefit sought, six factors were formulated-pursuit of self-expression/social approval, function/health, compensation, femininity, fashion, and camouflage-and BIABC was defined by the four factors of body stigma/vulnerability, transparency, limitation and cancer concern. While MBSRQ and self-esteem did not show a statistically significant difference between groups differentiated by the surgical methods experienced, those who underwent mastectomies scored slightly lower than members of the other groups. Moreover, the reconstruction after mastectomy group showed the highest mean on self-expression/social approval, compensation, femininity and entire clothing benefits sought, followed by the lumpectomy group and mastectomy group. The lumpectomy group was found to have more positive BIABC than the mastectomy group. In particular, the mastectomy group showed a lower body stigma/vulnerability mean than the other groups. This study is meaningful in that it improves our understanding of the body image of breast cancer survivors and provides basic knowledge for developing products and marketing strategies for breast cancer survivors as consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.32
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• pp.183-200
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to find out the mutual relations of self-efficacy proximity of cosmetic to self and proximity of clothing to self. The researcher used the scale of Sherer Mercadante Maddux Rrentice-Dunn Jacobs and Rogers(1982) for a general and social self-efficacy. The scale of Ryckman Roddins Thorton and Cantrell(1982) for a physical self-efficacy. The researcher corrected and supplemented the tools on the basis of Sontag(1987)'s scale for proximity of clothing to self. The researcher developed proximity of cos-metic to self. The subjects of this study were 172 girl students in the university. The research was analyzed by MANOVA Scheff post hoc test and Cronback a. The Results of this study were as follows: 1. The person who had a higher self-efficacy was higher in the hoy and skin-carve in the sub-causes of proximity of cosmetic to self. There was no difference in social-confidence self-satisfaction and disguise. 2. The person who had a higher self-efficacy was high in the self-expression and the physi-cal satisfaction in the sub-causes of proximity of clothing to self. There was no difference in the joy self-consciousness the consciousness of others and the novelity. 3. The person who had a higher proximity of cosmetic to self was higher in the joy, self-ex-pression and self-consciousness of others and the novelity. There was no difference in the physical satisfaction.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.127-128
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• 2015

Tumor metastasis involves circulating and tumor-initiating capacities of metastatic cancer cells. Hepatic TM4SF5 promotes EMT for malignant growth and migration. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) biomarkers remain unexplored for metastatic potential throughout metastasis. Here, novel TM4SF5/CD44 interaction-mediated self-renewal and circulating tumor cell (CTC) capacities were mechanistically explored. TM4SF5-dependent sphere growth was correlated with $CD133^+$, $CD24^-$, ALDH activity, and a physical association between CD44 and TM4SF5. The TM4SF5/CD44 interaction activated c-Src/STAT3/ Twist1/ B mi1 signaling for spheroid formation, while disturbing the interaction, expression, or activity of any component in this signaling pathway inhibited spheroid formation. In serial xenografts of less than 5,000 cells/injection, TM4SF5-positive tumors exhibited locally-increased CD44 expression, suggesting tumor cell differentiation. TM4SF5-positive cells were identified circulating in blood 4 to 6 weeks after orthotopic liver-injection. Anti-TM4SF reagents blocked their metastasis to distal intestinal organs. Altogether, our results provide evidence that TM4SF5 promotes self-renewal and CTC properties supported by $CD133^+/TM4SF5^+/CD44^+^{(TM4SF5-bound)}/ALDH^+/CD24^-$ markers during HCC metastasis.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.83-97
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• 2020

Unlike the feature of SNS, which strengthens two-way communication and promotes interaction through consistent on/off line identity management, passive use of Facebook to unilaterally accept other people's opinions is being strengthened, and more people tend to use Facebook anonymously or pseudonym to enjoy freedom of expression. To illustrate this transformative use behavior, this study suggests an integrated model including psychological and behavioral variables such as self-esteem, real name use, and opinion expression to explore the effect on social relationship value perception and satisfaction. Studies have shown that self-esteem affects the use of real names and self-exposure, and that the satisfaction and sustainability of relationships have increased as real-name users expose more information about themselves.