• 제목/요약/키워드: self-encouragement

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아들러의 개인심리학을 적용한 상담과정과 상담기법에 관한 연구 (A Study on Counseling Process and Counseling Techniques Applying Adler's Individual Psychology)

  • 김보기;박유미
    • 산업진흥연구
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    • 제5권3호
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    • pp.89-96
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 아들러의 개인심리학을 연구하여 거기에서 도출된 상담이론을 토대로 상담과정과 상담기법을 연구하고자 하였다. 아들러의 상담과정의 진행은 첫째, 관계형성단계는 상담자와 내담자 상호 간의 합의된 목표를 향해 적극적인 파트너로서 일하는 평등하고 상호 협력적인 관계를 추구하는 단계이다. 둘째, 생활양식 탐색단계는 생활양식을 이해하고 생활양식이 삶의 과업에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 이해하는 것을 중요한 목표로 하는 단계이다. 셋째, 통찰단계는 통찰력을 가지는 단계이다. 넷째, 재정향(행동 전환)단계로 진행된다. 아들러의 상담기법은 일반적기법과 특수기법이 있는데, 일반적 기법으로는 즉시성, 충고하기, 격려하기, 역설적 의도, 시법보이기, 역할놀이 등이 있다. 특수기법으로는 초인종 누르기, 내담자의 수프에 침 뱉기, 마이더스 기법, 타인을 즐겁게 하기, 저질의 아이 피하기, 스스로 억제하기 등이 있다. 결론적으로 개인심리상담은 의학적 모델이 아니라 성장모델에 기초하며, 치료한다는 측면보다는 건강한 개인과 사회를 재교육하고 재조명하는 데 더 많은 관심을 가지고 있다. 그러므로 아동지도센터, 부모-아동상담, 부부상담, 가족상담, 집단상담과 치료, 아동과 청소년의 개인상담, 문화적 갈등, 정신건강 운동 등 다양한 영역에 적용된다.

아동복지전공 예비보육교사들이 보육실습에서 경험하는 딜레마에 대한 탐색 (A Study on Dilemma Experienced by Nursery School Teacher Students Majoring Children's Welfare during Nursery Practice)

  • 임경옥
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제16권8호
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    • pp.107-116
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 아동복지전공 예비보육교사들이 실습과정에서 경험하게 되는 딜레마와 딜레마를 해소시켜주는 요인을 탐색하여, 보육실습을 효율적으로 지도하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시되었다. 이를 위하여 S여대 사회복지과에서 아동복지를 전공하고 있는 예비보육교사 15명을 대상으로 저널 및 관찰일지와 면담을 통해 질적으로 분석하였다. 이 과정에서 반복읽기를 통해 연구문제에 관련된 의미를 도출한 후, 범주화 과정을 거쳐 핵심어를 기록하였다. 그리고 핵심어들을 모아 유사한 개념들을 재분류 한 후 하위주제(sub-theme) 및 대표주제(theme)를 선정하였다. 연구결과 보육실습에서 경험하는 딜레마는 지도교사, 영유아, 수업, 과중한 업무, 자신과 관련하여 도출되었으며, 보육과 사회복지라는 선택적 대안이 가능하므로 인해 두 갈래의 길에서 갈등하는 현상이 나타났다. 그리고 딜레마를 해소 시켜주는 요인으로는 영유아들의 변화, 보육실습 동료들의 응원, 실천적 지식의 획득이 도출되었다. 이를 바탕으로 논의에서는 아동복지전공 예비보육교사들의 보육실습을 효율적으로 운영하기 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

임신부부의 태교 실태조사 (A Survey on the Practice Taekyo Among Childbearing Couples)

  • 최연순;김현옥
    • 여성건강간호학회지
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.174-199
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    • 1995
  • This study examined the antenatal care known as Taekyo. The sample consisted of 795 women and 564 men who had be seen in the antenatal care unit, delivery room, or postpartal care unit of general hospitals in Korea between March 20 and April 22, 1995. Data were collected using the "Taekyo questionnaire for childbearing women" and "Taekyo questionnaire for husbands of childbearing women" developed by researchers. Data were self-reported. Data were analyzed using the SPSS PC+ program, and descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient were applied. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Encouragement to practice Taekyo was at a relatively high level. Items on Taekyo encouraging behaviors had a mean score of 3.51(33 items 5 point scale). According to the five categories of Taekyo encouraging behaviors, subjects indicated they practice "food intake(mean score 4.02)". "praying(mean score 3.78)", "cumulative virtuous deeds (mean score 3.58)". "mind and body management(mean score 3.47)", "maternal fetal interaction(mean score 3.15)". 2. The childbearing women's practices related to forbidden behaviors by Taekyo were relatively high. Item on forbidden behaviors by Taekyo had a mean score 3.71(43 items 5 point scale). According to the five categories of forbidden behaviors by Taekyo, subjects indicated they practiced "voluntary abstention of drugs(mean score 4.78)," avoiding behaviors(mean score 4.78)," avoiding behaviors(mean score 3.77), "good behaviors(mean score 3.71)", "taboo on fetal death tendency (mean score 3.53)", "taboo on certain intake(mean score 3.47)". 3. The practice score of husbands for childbearing women which related to Taekyo behaviors were relatively high. Item on Taekyo behaviors had a mean score 3.59(33 items 5 point scale). According to the six categories of Taekyo behavior, subjects indicated they practiced "mind and body management(mean score 3.94)", "praying(mean score 3.80)", "support of women’s practice related to Taekyo(mean score 3.66)", "good behaviors(mean score 3.58)", "continency(mean score 3.33)", "paternal fetal interaction (mean score 3.19)". 4. On the childbearing women's perception of Taekyo, most of the subjects(88%) had confidence in the positive effects of Taekyo on Child development. The result showed that the childbearing couples practiced Taekyo behavior relatively often and sincerely and most of the childbearing women had a positive perception of Taekyo's effect on prenatal child development.

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산모가 인지한 분만지지자별 분만경험분석 (Analysis Pregnant Women's Perceived Delivery Experiences According to Delivery Supporters)

  • 신기수
    • 여성건강간호학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.5-24
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    • 1996
  • The Delivery Process can be viewed as one of the developmental crisis that forces the majority of women. During the labor and delivery process the women may face a variety of problems and pain with all its subjectivity. This developmental crisis may lead a pregnant women to have a negative experience in delivery. For nurses, to help to pregnant women check with the crisis and perceived support and to positive experience. This study intended to analyze the pregnant women's delivery experience according to supporter during labor. The subjects for this study were 45 pregnant women who had normal delivery without complications, within 37 to 42 weeks of pregnancy. Data Collection was done from April 24th to May 20th 1995 by two instruments, a support measurement scale and a delivery experience measurement scale which were consisted it 18-items scale developed by researcher. The data was analyzed by SPPS program using descriptive statistic Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis and Spearman Correlation Coefficient. The result of this study are as follows. 1. Support distribution by support contents is shown is order of holding the hands (97.8%), help to urination(86.7%), bed arrangement(57.8%), massaging the arms and legs(55.6%), changes in posture(44.4%), teaching how to produce power(44.4%), while emotional support is disclosed in order of sympathy(97.8%), encouragement(82.2%), hearing the needs(60.0%), However, information support was as low as less than 33.3%. 2. The extent of delivery experience a Pregnant woman perceives is revealed in order of a sense of comfortableness(44%), satisfaction(43.2%), reduction of fear(43.2%), familiarity (42.8%), self-confidence (42.5%), decrease of laborpain(39.9%). 3. The extent of delivery support a pregnant woman perceives reveals that physical support($x^2$=22.4452, P=.000) and information support($x^2$=7.5187, P=.0233) Show a significant difference among the mothers group, the mothers-in-law group, the husbands group, but to significant difference was found in emotional support among them. 4. The extent of delivery experience a pregnant woman perceives represents a significant difference in order of the mothers group, the mothers in-law group, and the husbands group($x^2$=13.4255, P=.0012). 5. A positive correlation was manifested between the extent of support and delivery experience a pregnant woman perceives(r=.8643, P=.000). This information can be utilized as data to further the understanding delivery experience according to supporter. In Consequence, it is recommended that the range of family support limited to husband should be expended including mother and mother-in-law.

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쪽방거주 중고령 남성의 빈곤 사례연구 (Study on Poverty of the Middle Aged Men Living in Chokbang Area)

  • 김동선;모선희
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제20권5호
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    • pp.222-235
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구는 사례연구를 통해 현재 도시빈민으로 살아가는 중고령 남성들의 빈곤화 과정과 빈곤 요인을 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 참여자들은 정규직이나 종업원을 둔 자영업자 출신이지만 현재 수급자 신분으로 급격한 하락을 경험하였다. 이들의 빈곤화 과정은 1) 부도, 빚보증, 사기 등 경제적 위기가 되는 촉발과정, 2) 이를 극복하기 위한 주식투자, 고리의 사금융 이용 등으로 악화과정, 3) 이혼, 가족 및 사회적 지지망이 사라지는 해체과정으로 이루어지며, 4) 이후 알코올중독, 건강악화 등의 절망과정, 수급자로 선정됨으로써 빈곤계층에 편입되는 안정화단계가 뒤따르게 된다. 한편 사례들의 빈곤화 과정에서 나타난 빈곤요인들을 살펴보면 IMF, 사기, 빚보증 등 외적 요인과 개인의 행동 및 성격 특성 등 내적 요인으로 구분된다. 빈곤화 과정에서 외적 요인은 촉발요인이 되지만 이를 해결하는 과정에서의 잘못된 대처, 자발적 관계단절, 낙담, 무계획적 생활 등 내적 요인이 작용하고 있음을 발견하였다. 본 연구를 통해 향후 가족 유대 강화, 알코올중독 개입 등 예방적 관점에서의 위기관리와 함께 사회구조적으로 고금리 사금융에 대한 적절한 제재, 사회관계망 회복, 빈곤탈출 기회 제공 등 적극적 대응을 제언하는 바이다.

방사선학과 학생들의 임상실습 스트레스 감소 방안 (Ways to Reduce Clinical Practice Stress of Students in the Department of Radiology)

  • 신성규;이효영
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제13권8호
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    • pp.266-274
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 부산, 경남 소재 방사선학과 재학생중 임상실습을 마친 253명을 대상으로 실습 기간 중에 받는 스트레스를 분석하고 감소 방안을 마련하여 효율적인 임상실습을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 결과는 환경요인 스트레스가 가장 높았다. 문항별로는 '오랜 시간 서 있다'가 $3.27{\pm}1.04$로 가장 높았고 '모른다고 무시', '단순한 일 반복'에서 높게 나타났다. 실습분위기와 임상방사선사와의 관계가 좋고 실습 지도를 성의 있게 받은 대상자와 방사선사에 대한 자부심이 높은 대상자들의 스트레스 지수가 낮았다. 대인관계요인과 수행요인이 BEPSI scale에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 실습기관에서는 학생들에게 휴식 및 편의 공간을 배려하고 단순하고 반복적인 실습이 아닌 다양한 실습프로그램을 진행하여야 할 것이다. 또한 임상방사선사들은 학생들이 모른다고 무시하거나 비교하는 행위는 자제하고 앉을 자리와 휴식시간을 배정하여 피로를 줄여주고 따뜻한 말과 격려를 통해 학생들의 임상실습 스트레스를 감소시키는 노력이 필요하다.

여대생이 지각한 부모의 양육태도 (Woman College Students' Perception of Their Parent's Child-rearing Attitudes)

  • 김영희;김신정
    • Child Health Nursing Research
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    • 제9권3호
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    • pp.309-322
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    • 2003
  • Purpose: This study was carried out to show the parental child-rearing attitudes perceived by daughters(woman college students), who were in the process of pursuit of resonable values, ethics and preparing for marriage and settling down, and another purposes were to help them to have positive attitudes toward their child-rearing in the future and set up preliminary parenting education program. Method: The subjects were 120 woman college students who were freshmen to junior in one university in Seoul. Using the self-report questionnaire, data were collected from December in 1999 to March in 2000. The contents which subjects wrote down were categorized by content analysis method. Result: 1) The age range of subjects were 19-25 years old and main rearer was mother(85.84%). 2) The perception of parent's child-rearing by subjects were revealed 555 statements and then tied together 50 themes: 'emphasizing on studying hard'(8.3%), 'doing by oneself'(5.6%), 'sternness'(5.2%), 'respect of personality'(4.5%), 'eagerness'(4.0%), 'humanity education'(4.0%), 'moderating in daily living'(4.0%), 'propriety education'(3.8%), 'sacrificing for children'(3.6%), 'expectation'(3.2%), 'concerning'(3.1%), 'parent-centered'(3.1%), 'giving a free hand'(2.9%), 'sharing with'(2.9%), 'consideration'(2.7%), 'over-protectiveness'(2.3%), 'hostile attitude' (2.2%), 'corporal punishment'(2.2%), 'expression of parental love'(2.0%), 'encouragement'(1.8%), 'family-centered' (1.8%), 'treating fairly'(1.6%), 'offering live experiences'(1.6%), 'exacting obedience'(1.62%), 'exemplary parental role' (1.6%), 'sexual discrimination'(1.6%), 'cooperation'(1.4%), 'giving favors'(1.4%), 'indifference'(1.4%), 'understanding' (1.3%), 'confidence'(1.3%), 'intimacy'(1.3%), 'pursuit of health'(1.3%), 'warm-hearted'(1.1%), 'stinginess'(1.1%),'broad-mindedness'(0.7%), 'granting'(0.7%), 'interfering'(0.7%), 'reproach'(0.7%), 'distinction of sex in household affairs'(0.7%), 'help'(0.5%), 'preparing for the future'(0.5%), 'disregarding'(0.5%), 'making environment'(0.4%), 'bringing up a child personally' (0.4%), 'comparing'(0.4%), 'religious life'(0.4%), 'good deed'(0.4%), invasion of privacy' (0.2%), 'controlling desire'(0.2%). 3) 50 themes were categorized by 18 categories once more: 'control' (13.2%), 'crazy for education'(12.3%), 'endeavoring'(8.6%), 'autonomy'(8.5%), 'home education'(7.7%), 'esteem' (6.67%), 'support'(6.67%), 'pursuit of healthy daily life'(5.6%), 'earnestness'(5.4%), 'disregarding personality'(5.4%), 'emotional bonding'(3.2%), 'imposing a burden'(3.2%). 'inhospitality'(3.1%), 'acceptance'(5%), 'discrimination'(2.3%), 'mature parenthood'(1.8%), 'strengthening family tie'(1.8%), 'psychological intimacy'(1.1%). 4) On the basis of this study, 3/5 of subjects(61.2%) perceived their parents had mature and autonomous child-rearing attitudes, and on the other hand 2/5(39.5%) of them perceived controlling, just forcing to work harder and personally disregarding attitudes. Conclusion: So we need to offer them nursing implementation such as preliminary parenting education program and parenting consulting like to strengthen positive perception and help improving in realistic, developmental child-rearing attitudes.

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A Study on the Effect of the Use of Mobile Office Systems on Work-Life Balance

  • Cho, Namjae;Lee, Hyungju
    • Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 2013
  • Human being does work to live out and they have their private life because human has sociality. Both work and life are important to live out but they are on the trade-off relationship. Because keeping the balance between work and life is too hard, it has been interested by academic and practical areas. Definition of Work-life balance here is that balance or imbalance arising between work and life has no negative impact on their daily life. Above all, Work-life balance is important because it is strongly related to identity. Recently, the introduction of the mobile office system has emerged as a way to solve the problem of work-life balance. It is based on the teleworking which was formerly generated. Teleworking is to perform the work in the employee's home or office space set aside without going into the workplace. Concept of the mobile office system here is not only using portable devices during work for convenience but also the system which is designed for the performance. Thanks to the diffusion of smart devices(smart phone, tablet pc), mobile office system has been spread. Although the importance of mobile office systems is emerging, there are few researches about it. Even they mostly focus on the standpoint of performance of mobile office system. However, Quality of life is as important as the performance. As a part of Quality of Life field, Work-life balance is the closest to employee's quality of life. So this study aims to examine the effect of the use of mobile office systems on work-life balance. To do so, we try to find factors effecting Work-life balance from existing studies and then set a research model. We set the use of mobile office systems as independent variables which are divided by use of function, use by location and use by situation. There are four dependent variables - sense of self command, sense of balance, solving work problem, solving life problem. We collected data from employees who are using mobile office systems on their job. 215 people were participated in the survey and we used multiple regression analysis to verify our research model. Results show that every independent variable has no impact on solving work problem while they have slight impact on the other dependent variables. Especially use on the business trip has significant effect on dependent variables. It means that there is a possibility use of mobile office system could control the employee's quality of life and system should be evolved until it covers even critical tasks. Also, support for mobile office system -education, encouragement-should be provided. By mobile office system is maturing, future research would be done.

여대생의 자녀 양육관 (The View on Childrearing of University Women)

  • 김영희;김신정
    • 여성건강간호학회지
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.269-290
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    • 2000
  • This study was conducted to inquire about the view on childrearing of university women for the purpose of building up the positive parent- child relationship and setting up preliminary parenting education program. The subjects were 137 university women who were freshmen to junior in one women's university in Seoul. Using the self-report questionnaire, data were collected from December in 1998 to March in 1999 and the contents which subjects wrote down were categorized by content analysis method. The results were as followed: 1. The age range of subjects were 20-22 years and main rearer was her mother(71.5%) 2. The view of subjects were revealed by 374 statements and then tied together 34 themes: 'exemplary parent model as a guider'(8.6%), 'determination for oneself' (8.0%), 'expression of love'(6.2%), 'humanity education'(4.8%), 'carrot and stick'(4.5%), 'respect of personality'(4.3%), 'sound living habit'(4.1%), 'conversation'(3.7%), 'regulation of greediness' (3.7%), 'supply of live experience'(3.7%), 'supply of broad and substantial vision'(3.5%), 'free choice'(3.5%), 'broad-mindedness'(3.5%), 'consideration'(3.0%), 'doing together'(3.0%), 'propriety education' (2.4%), 'pursuit of naturalness'(2.4%), 'looking for one's life'(2.4%), 'confidence'(2.1%), 'rearing by oneself'(2.1%), 'encouragement'(2.1%), 'cultivation of right sexual senses'(2.1%), 'desirable home environment'(1.9%), 'doing one's best'(1.9%), 'understanding'(1.6%), 'psychological intimacy'(1.6%), 'treat fair'(1.6%), 'pursuit of physical, psychological health' (1.6%), 'concerning'(1.3%), 'religious life'(1.3%), 'respect of individuality'(1.3%), 'cooperation' (1.1%), 'often-minded family'(0.8%), 'positive attitude'(0.8%). 34 themes were categorized by 12 categories once more: 'mature parenthood'(15.5%), 'acceptance' (11.5%), 'autonomy'(11.5%), 'pursuit of healthy life style'(9.4%), 'eagerness'(9.1%), 'making efforts'(8.8%), 'education'(8.8%), 'emotional bonding' (7.8%), 'respect'(7.2%), 'corporal punishment' (4.5%), 'supporting'(3.2%), 'composition of environment'(2.7%). In conclusion, we could expect that university women had a democratic view on childrearing with love and autonomy for a base. So we need to offer them nursing implementations such as preliminary parenting programs and parenting consulting in order to promote positive and interactional parent-child relationship by strengthening their desirable view on childrearing.

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과학영재를 위한 연구윤리교육 및 윤리적 연구환경조성의 현황과 이에 대한 영재담당 교사들의 인식 조사 (Current Status and Teachers' Perception About Research Ethics Education and Creating Ethical Research Environment for Gifted Students in Science)

  • 이지원
    • 한국과학교육학회지
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    • 제38권6호
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    • pp.853-864
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    • 2018
  • 미래 과학자인 과학영재 학생들이 연구를 설계하고 수행하는 전과정에서 연구윤리를 어떻게 지키며 연구를 수행하여야 하는지에 대한 체계적이고 실질적인 교육이나 연구부정을 막기 위한 시스템적인 노력은 극히 최근에 시작되고 있지만 여전히 부족한 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 과학고와 영재고에 근무 중인 교사 68명을 대상으로 한국의 과학고와 영재고의 연구윤리교육과 윤리적 연구 환경 조성현황을 설문을 통해 알아보았다. 먼저 연구윤리교육현황을 살펴보면, 조사대상의 절반에 해당하는 학교가 연구윤리교육을 교육과정 내에 포함하고 있었다. 또, 반 이상의 교사가 수업 시간에 개인적으로 연구윤리를 가르친다고 응답하였고, 90%에 가까운 교사가 탐구 과정 중에 연구윤리를 가르친다고 응답하였다. 하지만 여전히 교사들은 연구윤리교육이 부족하다고 여기고 있었다. 다음으로, 연구윤리 준수를 위한 환경으로서, 연구윤리 규정과 시스템의 유무, 교사의 역량, 교사가 조성하는 동료검증, 자기검증 가능한 분위기, 연구윤리교육에 대한 관리자의 태도를 조사하였다. 지식과 경험 측면에서 교사는 역량을 갖추고 있었고, 동료, 자기 검증이 가능한 환경을 조성하고 있었다. 하지만 연구윤리규정과 검증 시스템은 학교에 충분히 갖추어져 있지 않다. 하지만 관리자들이 연구윤리교육에 대하여 높은 관심을 가지고 있으므로 충분히 개선될 것으로 보인다. 마지막으로, 교사들은 학생들의 윤리적 연구를 위해, 추가적인 연구윤리교육, 학생들의 태도 변화, 검증 시스템의 구축과 지속적 관리, 윤리적 환경조성, 명확한 지침 제공이 필요하다고 하였다. 이 결과는 각 영재학교에서 연구윤리교육 방향을 설정하는데 도움이 될 뿐 아니라, 영재 담당 교사들에게는 어떤 방식으로 학생들에게 도움을 줄지 계획하는데 도움이 될 것이다. 또한 과학영재 학생들을 둘러싸고 있는 외부적 환경을 학교와 교사가 어떻게 만들어나갈지에 대한 시사점을 얻을 수 있을 것이다.