• ETRI Journal
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.346-354
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• 2022

The SYN flooding attack is widely used in cyber attacks because it paralyzes the network by causing the system and bandwidth resources to be exhausted. This paper proposed a self-information approach for detecting the SYN flooding attack and provided a detection algorithm with a hierarchical policy on a detection time domain. Compared with other detection methods of entropy measurement, the proposed approach is more efficient in detecting the SYN flooding attack, providing low misjudgment, hierarchical detection policy, and low time complexity. Furthermore, we proposed a detection algorithm with limiting system resources. Thus, the time complexity of our approach is only (log n) with lower time complexity and misjudgment rate than other approaches. Therefore, the approach can detect the denial-of-service/distributed denial-of-service attacks and prevent SYN flooding attacks.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.777-784
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• 2013

작가가 현실을 어떻게 인식하고 또 어떻게 형상화시켰는가를 고찰하는 것은 문학작품의 가치를 규명하는 필수적 과정이다. 시대적 현실상황과 작품사이에는 일정한 대응관계가 있는데 이 양자를 매개하는 것은 바로 작가의식이기 때문에 이러한 작업이 선행되어야 한다. 문학적 인식행위는 작품의 외면적 현실을 통해 삶의 내재적 본질을 파악하는 과정이다. 문학작품은 이러한 기능을 수행하기 위하여 현실을 문학자체의 예술적 방법으로 형상화시켜야 한다. 문학작품의 본질을 파악하기 위해서는 작가가 어떠한 예술적 방법으로 현실성을 획득하고 또 형상화시켰는가를 규명해야한다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.1001-1024
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• 2009

이 연구는 노인의 자아정체성과의 관련성 속에서 부정적 노인담론에 대한 노인들의 대응방식을 밝히는 것이다. 이를 위해 인터뷰를 통한 질적연구방법을 사용하였으며, 연구참여자는 총 14명이다. 이들은 노인정체성의 유무에 따라 크게 '부정'과 '수용'의 형태로 구분되었으며, 여기서 상위 집단인 '부정' 집단은 '전면적 부정'과 '선택적 부정'으로, 상위 집단인 '수용'의 집단은 '순순한 수용', '선택적 수용', '마지못한 수용'으로 구분되었다. '전면적 부정' 유형은 노인의 자아 인식과 노인의 상이 서로 극과극인 경우에 해당한다. 그들이 인식하는 노인의 상은 매우 부정적이며, 그렇기 때문에 자신은 노인집단에 속하는 사람임을 부정한다. '선택적 부정'과 '선택적 수용' 유형은 노인의 상을 두 가지로 구별한다는 특징이 있다. 노인의 상중에서 하나는 긍정적이며, 다른 하나는 부정적이다. 두 가지의 노인의 상중에서 긍정적 노인의 상은 자신의 자아 인식과 거리가 가깝고, 그에 비해 부정적 노인의 상은 자아 인식과 거리가 멀다. 여기서 '선택적 수용'은 현재 자신이 노인집단에 속하고 있음을 인식하는 반면, '선택적 부정' 유형은 현재는 노인집단에 속하지 않는다고 인식하고 있다는 점에서 차이가 있다. '순순한 수용' 유형은 노인의 상과 자아 인식간의 거리가 가깝다. 그들이 인식하는 노인의 상은 그다지 부정적이지 않다. 따라서 그들은 자신이 노인집단임을 자연스럽게 수용한다. '마지못한 수용' 유형은 노인의 상과 자아 인식간의 거리가 가깝다. 따라서 자신이 노인이라고 수용을 한다. 하지만 '순순한 수용'과는 다르게, 이들 집단의 노인의 상에는 부정적 가치평가가 포함된다. 그럼에도 불구하고 부정적 노인의 상을 수용하는 이유는 개인적으로 거부할 수 없는 현실적 상황 때문이다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.169-179
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 당뇨병 문제를 관리하는데 있어서 개인이 어떻게 행동과정에 대해 결정을 내리는지를 설명하는 자기조절의 인식유형과 특성을 탐색하고, 이를 근거로 당뇨병 환자의 관리방법을 제시하고자 시도되었다. 총 40개의 Q-표본과 38명의 P-표본이 본 연구에 사용되었으며 응답자의 반응은 Q방법론에 기초한 요인분석을 통해 5개의 유형이 도출되었다. 각 유형의 특성은 근거기반 순응형(evidence-based compliance), 위기대응 거부반응(crisis responding denial reaction), 정보기반 관계지향형(information-based orientation to relationship), 독립적 실천형(independent practice), 의지결핍 충동반응형(willingness deficit impulse reaction)으로 명명되었다. 5개 유형으로 분류된 응답자의 특성을 자기조절 속성에 따라 포지셔닝 시킴으로써 당뇨병 관리의 전략적 함의를 도출하였다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.283-290
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationship between parental rearing attitudes and personality in nursing college students. Methods: A total of 297 subjects aged between 18 and 28 were selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected with a self-reported questionnaire from March 2 to 25, 2011. Collected data were analyzed with SpSS/pC Win 15.0. Results: Differences in parental rearing attitudes according to general characteristics were as follows. In parental rearing attitudes, acceptance were significantly different according to school record of their children. In maternal rearing attitudes, acceptance was significantly different according to economic status and paternal rearing attitudes perceived acceptance was significantly different according to parental education level. All of parental rearing attitudes perceived denial were significantly different according to the gender, grade, parental economic status, blood type, two income family. There was a positive correlation between parental rearing attitudes perceived acceptance and personality of their children except paternal rearing attitude perceived denial. 26.3% of variance in personality was explained by maternal rearing attitude perceived acceptance only. Conclusion: The findings of this study may be useful in understanding the personality of nursing college students and developing more specific personality and parental rearing attitudes programs.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.131-138
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• 1983

381 students including elementary school boys 75, girls 76 & middle school boys 115, girls 115 were examined to study the factors of dental esthetic self-evaluation: as measured by questionnaire & dental examination. The following results were obtained: 1. In the case of the girls, the more severely rotated or displaced the upper anterior teeth were, the uglier they felt themselves. 2. The students showed the tendency to answer that they were satisfied or had no feeling one way or the other even though their teeth were less straight than others. 3. Most of the students could not relate their teeth to the over-all facial appearance. 4. In the case of the elementary-school-boys, they felt themselves ugly when the overjet & overbite were excessive: in the case of the middle-school-girls, they felt themselves ugly when the rotation & displacement of the upper & lower anterior teeth were severe. 5. Angle's classification showed no statistical significancy.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.173-182
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• 1995

Primary health care(PHC) has been established since A Health Law for rural residents has been legislated in 1980 following the WHO declaration, 'Health for All 2000'. in 1978. PHC services are presently assumed to be provided by 2038 Community Health Practitioners(CHP) to about 28% out of rural population in Korea. Most CHPs have confronted the adaptation process to the community being practiced although a CHP's role is to evoke community participation for the improvement of their health by themselves. So the purpose of this study is to describe and explain of the commitment of CHPs into the community. Data were collected by direct interview and tape-recording under subjects' permission till theoretical saturation were occured from 6 CHPs. The subjects were 41 years old and have served in the community for 9 years in average. Main questions and concepts were explored from data according to the procedure of the grounded theory methodology. The results are as follows. 1) The number of the main concepts were twenty four that identified Motive, Desire, Personal characteristics, Unfamiliarity, Denial, Feeling of isolation, Self-sacrifice, Kindness, Patience, Assimilation, Respect for the residents, Support by the family, Support by the residents, Achievement, Acceptance of realities, Use of resources, Inducement of cooperation from the residents, Changes of the difference from time orientation between CHP and residents, Attitude as a official, Technical support, Cost management, Satisfaction level, Acknowledgement by the residents and discrepancy. 2) The twenty four concepts were categorized to seven groups such as Motivation, Feeling of Heterogeneity, Self-discipline, Social support, Induced changes in the attitudes of residents, Familarity and Persistent discrepancy. 3) The categorized groups were analyzed on the base of the Causal Conditions, Central Phenomena, Contexts, Intervening Conditions, Action / Interaction Strategies, and Consequences. Central phenomenon in this study was identified to be the feeling of heterogeneity. Community health practitioners experienced unfamiliarity and denial from the community and felt themselves isolated in the first. In time, they won the trust of residents by their efforts including self-sacrifice, kindness, patience, and assimilation. Afterward, practitioners got self-confidence and familiarity with lesser feeling of heterogeneity. Nevertheless, practitioners could not commit themselves completely because of the persistent discrepancy between CHP and residents. 4) On the commitment process, the CHPs' feeling of heterogeneity were decresed and social support increesed and newly evolved induced change of residents through the continuous interaction between CHP and them The contribution of this study would be concluded as follows. 1) It is expected that effective strategies for more rapid committment into the community can be developed based on this study. 2) More easy committment would be possible for the newly appointed CHP through understanding of the committment process identified on this study.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.205-220
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• 2006

This paper argues how Adrienne Kennedy embodies the features of a black woman's self-identity in Funnyhouse of a Negro. An educated young black woman, Sarah lives in a funnyhouse which is surrounded by mirrors. The reflections in the funnyhouse's mirrors are a metaphor of a black woman's life in America. Sarah's narrative is played out by four "selves," differing by sex and race. These selves imply her mixed cultural heritage. Two white women symbolize white European royalty, Jesus expresses christianity which is the basis of western culture and Lumumba represents Africa. Sarah's desire for whiteness is concentrated on skin color and hair. She longs for pallid skin and straight hair of the white race. Sarah wanted to be white, but her "tainted blood" by her black father made that impossible. Sarah is always obsessed by the fear of her father and the unhappy destiny of her mother. Ceaseless knocking, paralyzed images of lifelessness and surreal dreams effectively show her fear. Sarah's selves remain fragmented in the funnyhouse. Sarah exposures the black woman's anger and frustration through her death. Her death is a gesture of denial and refusal of the dominant society. At the same time, it was her last choice and struggle not to completely lose her own identity.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: The changes in the climatic conditions have brought potentially significant new challenges, most critical are likely to be its impact on local livelihoods, agriculture, biodiversity and environments. Water induced disasters such as landslides, floods, erratic rain etc., are very common in developing countries which lead to changes in biological, geophysical and socioeconomic elements. The extent of damages caused by natural disasters is more sever in least developing countries. However, disasters affect women and men differently. In most of the cases women have to carry more burden as compared to their male counterpart during the period of disasters. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study examines the impact of disasters on the local livelihood especially agriculture and income generating activities of women in three districts of Nepal. The study uses the primary data collected following an exploratory approach, based on an intensive field study. The general findings of the study revealed that women had to experience hard time as compared to their male counterpart both during and after the disaster happen. Women are responsible for caring their children, collecting firewood, fetching water, collecting grass for livestock and performing household chores. Whereas, men are mainly involved in out-migration and remained out-side home most of the time. After the disaster occurred, most of the women had to struggle to support their lives as well as had to work longer hours than men during reconstruction period. Nepal follows patriarchal system and men can afford more leisure time as compared to women. During the disaster period, some of the households lost their agricultural lands, livestock and other properties. These losses created some additional workload to women respondent, however at the same time; they learn to build confidence, self-respect, self-esteem, and self-dependency.Although Nepal is predominantly agriculture, majority of the farmers are at subsistence level. In addition, men and women have different roles which differ with the variation in agro-production systems. Moreover women are extensively involved in agricultural activities though their importances were not recognized. Denial of land ownership and denial of access to resources as well as migration of male counterparts are some of the major reasons for affecting the agricultural environments for women in Nepal. CONCLUSION: The shelter reconstruction program has definitely brought positive change in women's access to decision making. The gradual increase in number of women respondent in access to decision making in different areas is a positive change and this has also provided them with a unique opportunity to change their gendered status in society.Furthermore, the exodus out-flow of male counterparts accelerated the additional burden and workload on women.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to find correlations between characteristics of Four constitution and Hwa-byung. Methods : Clinical data were collected from Hwa-byung Epidemiologic study data. we selected 130 self-labelled Hwa-byung patients data and 83 of them were diagnosed as Hwa-byung by SCID. We used Hwa-byung SCID, Hwa-byung scale, CES-D, STAI, STAXI and Personality and Physiological Symptom Questionnaire(PPSQ) as evaluation tools. We performed statistical analysis of each 2 groups, self-labelled Hwa-byung group(N=130) and diagnosed Hwa-byung group(N=83). Results : 1. In self-labelled Hwa-byung group, Greater yin score showed significant negative correlation with 3 indices of Hwa-byung scale and significant positive correlation with 1 index. Lesser yin score showed significant positive correlation with 6 indices. In diagnosed Hwa-byung group, Greater yin score showed significant negaitive correlation with 5 indices. In both groups, Lesser yang score showed no significant correlation with any indices of Hwa-byung scale. 2. In self-labelled Hwa-byung group, Greater yin score showed significant negative correlation with both trait anger score and state anger score of STAXI. Lesser yin score showed significant positive correlation with trait anxiety score, state anxiety score and CES-D score self-labelled Hwa-byung group. Lesser yang score showed significant positive correlation with anger-out score of STAXI. But Lesser yin score showed significant negative correlation with same index diagnosed Hwa-byung group. Conclusions : 1. The higher Greater yin score, suppression or denial, psychological defense mechanism, become more stronger. 2. The higher Lesser yin score, anger-out tendency become more weakened and increased prevalence of Hwa-byung symptoms. 3. The higher Lesser yang score, anger-out tendency become more stronger.