• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.2
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• pp.51-74
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• 2014

This study aimed to examine a multiple mediator model in which stresses affect self-criticism. The self-criticism, in turn seemed to affect the feelings of loneliness, and this had an effect on over 65 years living alone. Furthermore, whether social support had any moderating effects in the pathway from the loneliness to suicidal ideation on our pass model were also investigated. Data were collected from 572 samples of persons 65 years of age and older living alone in Seoul. For the analyses of the mediating effects and moderating effects, structural equation modeling was used. The results were as follows. First, the pass model was identified to fit the observed data. This mean that self-criticism increased as stress rises, the increased levels of self-criticism increased loneliness, and the increased levels of loneliness increased the levels of suicidal ideation. Second, social support moderated the relation between loneliness and suicidal ideation on our model. These results suggested that interventions which deal with loneliness and suicidal ideation were needed, in order to reduce suicidal ideation caused by the stress. These imply, additionally, that when social workers try to reduce the suicidal ideation, they should consider the levels of social support at work as influences.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.145-166
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• 2020

The present study examines whether fear of negative evaluation, social comparison and self-criticism mediate the relationship between insecure attachment and career indecision. Participants are 401 unemployed people in their 20s who have never had a job. The major findings of this study are as follows. First, correlation analysis indicates that both anxious attachment and avoidant attachment are positively related to fear of negative evaluation and self-criticism. Also, anxious attachment is positively correlated with social comparison, whereas avoidant attachment is negatively correlated with it. Second, both insecure attachments have significant positive correlation with career indecision. Third, it shows the respective unique mechanisms by which each of the two insecure attachment forms are related to career indecision are distinctive: Specifically, The linkage between anxious attachment and career indecision is partially mediated by self-criticism and social comparison, whereas avoidant attachment is indirectly related to career indecision through a full mediation of self-criticism and social comparison. Implications and limitations of this study are discussed.

• English & American cultural studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-50
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• 2009

Henry James tries to describe minutely in The Wings of the Dove the process in which a bad faith grows, is practiced in one's self, and spreads to a society. Through this fictional specificity, he embodies an analogy between a bad faith and social role-playing. That is, he shows, through the main characters such as Milly Theale and Merton Densher, how self interacts with the other and a society. In this interaction, there is some essential element, namely, an organic relationship between a self identity and a social role-model, which James describes very meticulously. Therefore, the characters are depicted as seeking to define self identity and eventually distorting it. Thus, The Wings of the Dove can be seen as a tragedy in which the characters who have this wrongly distorted self identity come to experience its effects. The distorted self identity appears to function as a social role. Milly distorts her true self identity by internalizing a dove-image for it. This results in a bad faith. Moreover, the American girl Milly utilizes it as a convenient social role-model which makes it easy for her to interact and engage with the others in the European society. Merton also evades adventurous and painful self-reflection and self-criticism by sticking to the mannerisms of gentlemanship and imitates the sublimity which Milly shows him. Thus, Milly and Merton clearly omit self-inspection and self-inquiry for the contact between a free self and a society, which is essential to obtain social objectivity, namely, intersubjectivity.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 1997

This study was aimed to investigate dysfunctional attitudes, stress coping strategies and depressive symptoms in psychiatric patients. The subjects of this study consisted of 210 patients(138 schizophrenic patients, 29 depression patients, 43 alcohol dependence patients) according to DSM-IV criteria. Futhermore, the instruments were K-BDI(Beck Depression Inventory-Korean version), DAS(Dysfunctional Attitude Scale) and multidimensional coping strategy scale. The results were the following. 1) There were statistically significant correlations between depressive symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes in psychiatric patients. 2) In terms of coping strategies, there were positive correlations between depressive symptoms and focus on and venting emotions, accommodation, active forgetting, self-criticism, positive comparison, fatalism, passive withdrawal. Whereas, there was significant negative correlation between depressive symptom and active coping. 3) In terms of coping strategies, there were significant correlations between dysfunctional attitudes and focus on and venting emotions, active forgetting, self-criticism, positive comparison, fatalism, passive withdrawal. 4) Depression groups reported significantly higher BDI scores than schizophrenia groups. 5) In depression groups, DAS scores were significantly higher than those in schizophrenia groups. 6) In terms of coping strategies according to diagnosis, there were significant differences in venting emotions, active forgetting and self-criticism. As for venting emotions, alcoholic groups were scored significantly higher than schizophrenic groups. As for active forgetting, depression groups were scored significantly higher than schizophrenic groups. In self-criticism, depression groups and alcohol dependence groups reported significantly higher scores than schizophrenic groups.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.343-354
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• 2018

This sturdy proposed and tested whether the six core treatment processes of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) reduce self-criticism and dichotomous thinking in Evaluative concerns perfectionists and even diminish depression and ultimately verify it. The sample consisted of 22 subjects who displayed high EC perfectionism and depression. The subjects were randomly assigned to ACT groups or control groups (n-11/each). The ACT program was administered in eight sessions. All participants completed scale about EC perfectionism, self-criticism, dichotomous thinking, depression and acceptance & action at the pre-test, post-test, and the six week follow-up. The results showed that evaluative concerns perfectionism, self-criticism, dichotomous thinking, and depression decreased more in the treatment group than in the control group, whereas acceptance & action increased in the former. Finally, the implications and limitations of this study, along with suggestions for future study were discussed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1079-1092
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of self-leadership on organizational effectiveness and job performance in the dental hygienist. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 281 dental hygienists in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggido from March 1 to 31, 2016. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the subjects, self-leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, job performance. Data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: The average of self-leadership was 3.62, self-reward had highest score of 3.84, followed by rehearsal 3.73, self-expectation 3.72, self-goal setting 3.51, constructive thinking 3.48, and self-criticism 3.45. The average of organizational commitment was 3.11, and that of job satisfaction was 3.11 and the average of job performance was 3.70. Among the sub-factors of self-leadership, self-expectation, self-goal setting, constructive thinking showed a positive correlation with organizational commitment and job satisfaction. All sub-factors except for self-criticism showed a positive correlation with job performance. Among the sub-factors of self-leadership, self-expectation (${\beta}=0.350$), constructive thinking (${\beta}=0.124$), self-reward (${\beta}=0.106$), rehearsal (${\beta}=0.102$) showed a significant effect together with job satisfaction (${\beta}=0.187$) on job performance. Also, age, education level, clinical career, the average monthly salary showed a significant effect on job performance. Conclusions: The self-leadership and job satisfaction of in the dental hygienist had influence on job performance. To improve the job performance of dental hygienists, it is necessary to apply self-leadership development program focusing on the strengthening of self-expectation and constructive thinking.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 2021

This study was a cross-sectional descriptive investigative study to analyze the effects of sub-factors of cognitive emotional control on life goals. The subjects of the study were 184 people in their 20s, and they were collected online from December 2020 to January 5, 2021 using structured cognitive control capabilities and life goal questionnaires. The collected data were performed using SPSS 18.0 for Frequency, Independent Sample t-test, Pearson correction analysis, Simple regression analysis, and Multiple regression analysis. According to the study, men had both life-oriented and achievement-oriented life goals higher than women. Among the sub-factors of cognitive emotional control (positive focus change, positive reassessment, expansion of view, re-accept plan, acceptance, rumination, self-criticism, others criticism, and destruction) were male and female were higher in self-criticism. Factors affecting life-oriented life goals have been shown to be expanding views, re-accepting plans, and criticizing others, while positive re-evaluation negatively affects achievement-oriented life goals. Based on these results, life-oriented life-goals tend to exhibit adaptive responses to expand views and revise plans and maladaptive responses to blame others, while achievement-oriented life-goals have the ability to positively reassess situations, modify plans and accept negative reactions.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.285-292
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• 2012

Objectives : This study examined the stress-coping methods used by Dental Hygiene students according to their degree of self-leadership to provide basic data for students' self-leadership training programs. Methods : Dental Hygiene students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do were surveyed to measure their self-leadership in six categories-self-expectation, rehearsal, goal-setting, self-compensation, self-criticism, and constructive thinking-sand, in four categories-sproblem-centered coping, social support coping, emotional coping, and wishful thinking coping-son a scale of 1 through 5. Results : The findings of the study were as follows: The overall average score of self-leadership was 3.34 and the scores for each subfactor were 3.82 for self-compensation, 3.57 for self-expectation, 3.44 for rehearsal, 3.42 for goal-setting, 3.30 for self-criticism, and 3.12 for constructive thinking. The overall average score of stress-coping was 3.29 out of 5 and the scores for active coping were 3.14 for problem-centered coping and 3.38 for social support coping and for passive coping were 3.69 for wishful thinking coping and 2.95 for emotional coping. Self-leadership showed significant difference in terms of satisfaction with major and motivation for application. The six sub-factors of self-leadership and problem-centered coping and wishful thinking coping, the sub-factors of stress-coping, had significant correlations. Self-compensation and constructive thinking were significant factors of self-leadership that affect stress-coping. Conclusions : Based on the above findings, it was found that Dental Hygiene students' self-leadership is related to the use of efficient stress-coping. Therefore, it would be necessary to develop and apply educational approaches to improve their self-leadership so they can efficiently cope with various stressors that they will face after finding jobs.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.35-47
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• 2019

Purpose: Current study focused on investigating the effects of the self-dissociation as a thought in which consumers dis-identify or dissociate with the threatened in-group and the escapism as a tendency of consumers' distracting themselves and avoiding their thoughts about the in-group under severe but adoptable criticism by turning their attention elsewhere on across-domain compensatory consumption intention. And It explored not only the positive roles of undesirability thought against the in-group in consumers' forming the self-dissociation and the escapism, but also the effects of negative emotion to the in-group felt at the place of being exposed to the criticism against the in-group on the escapism. Research design, data, and methodology: The experiment was performed with the in-group-threatening single factor within-subject design. Questionnaire data were collected from 196 undergraduate students, and the data were used to testing research hypotheses by structural equation model of Amos 21.0. Results: First, both the self-dissociation of consumers' dis-identifying with the in-group criticized severely by others and the escapism of their deliberately directing their thoughts and distracting their attention away from thinking the in-group positively influenced on the across-domain compensatory consumption intention. Second, the negative emotion positively influenced on the escapism. Third, the undesirability thought to the in-group under the severe criticism positively effected on the self-dissociation as well as the escapism. Putting in the nutshell, the findings of this study are consistent with the idea that consumers can overcome the negative self-discrepancy on one dimension of their social identity by distracting themselves and avoiding thinking about the threatened in-group to find meaning on another dimension which might lead them to the place of doing the across-domain compensatory consumption. Conclusions - Focusing on the results of this study, checking which aspects of consumers' social identity are linked to products or brands is at issue to marketers when the consumers are faced with the criticism against the in-group. The marketers should build the messages about their products or brand not related to the checked aspects, and communicate the messages, to lead the consumers to the place of doing the across-domain compensatory consumption by their products or brands.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.80-87
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• 1977

The present study was undertaken to find the factors affecting academic achievement in a nursing school. 172 students were selected for this study and were divided into higher & lower 12 percent. Tools & measures used for this study were the interest test, personality test, test of self-concept, test of adjustment & school achievement. The major findings obtained from this study were as follows : 1. Factors affecting school achievement except intellectuality were thus : 1) Artistic interest, literary interest, scientific interest biological & scientific interest -physical affected the academic achievement . 2) Sociability, reasonability, depression & refractiveness affected the academic achievement. 3) Self criticism, total positive self-score, & personal self - score affected the academic achievement. 4) Adjustment to school, personal economics, health & value Morality affected the academic achievement. 2. Correlation between school achievement & interest, personality, self-concept or adjustment in the higher 81 lower group were thus; 1) There was a significant relationship between academic achievement & the following: artistic interest, scientific interest-biological, scientific interest-physical, out-door interest, refractiveness, sociability, responsibility, depression, self satis faction- score, personal self -score, social self - score, self behavior score, adjustment to school, health & values morality in the higher group. 2) There were no significant factors related with academic achievement in the lower group. 3. Difference or difference in relationship between higher & lower group in the interest, personality, self-concept & adjustment were as follows, : 1) There was a significant difference between higher & lower group in artistic -interest. literary interest, scientific interest-biological , out-door interest, sociability, depression, refractiveness, self criticism, total positive self score, personal self score, adjustment to school, personal economics, health & values morality. 2) There was a significant difference in relationships between higher & lower group in artistic interest, scientific interest, scientific 3) There was a significant difference in relationships between higher 8E lower group in artistic interest, scientific interest -biological, out -door interest , sociability, responsibility, refractiveness, depression, self identity score, self satisfaction score, adjustment to school, health, personality & value morality.