• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.214-225
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• 2020

Objectives: This study examined the effects of nutrition counseling by the nutrition care process (NCP) on diet therapy practice and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The survey was conducted on 49 patients whose hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level ranged from 6.5% to below 10% among patients aged 30~60s with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition counseling by the NCP process was carried out twice: first nutrition counseling and follow up counseling. The questionnaires were composed of 54 questions in five fields (general characteristics, health-related behaviors, diet therapy-related items, dietary life, diet therapy-related knowledge, diet therapy-related barriers). Nutrition intervention in nutrition counseling was performed based on the individualized diagnosis of NCP. Results: All the subjects practiced self-monitoring of their blood glucose levels, regular exercise, and diet therapy after NCP-based nutrition counseling. Diet therapy-related knowledge and practice by the subjects were improved after nutrition counseling. While the intake of boiled white rice decreased, the intake of boiled brown rice and barley rice in the subjects increased significantly. After nutrition counseling, the weight and HbA1c of the subjects decreased. Conclusions: These results suggest that personalized nutrition counseling by NCP process is effective for diet therapy compliance and glycemic control of type 2 diabetic patients.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.626-635
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a cultural competence improvement program for maternity nurses. Methods: A quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pre and posttest design was used. Participants were 67 maternity nurses caring for multicultural pregnant women in G city. The cultural competence improvement program was developed based on the 3-D Puzzle Model and was provided using case-based small group learning methods for the experimental group (n=31). The control group (n=36) did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using self-report structured questionnaires at two time points: prior to the intervention and after the intervention and were analyzed with descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, and t-test. Results: Compared to the control group, the experimental group reported significant positive changes for cultural knowledge (t=6.39, p<.001), cultural awareness (t=3.50, p<.001), and cultural acceptance (t=4.08, p<.001). However, change in cultural nursing behaviors (t=0.92, p=.067) was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: Findings from this study indicate that a cultural competence improvement program with case-based small group learning is a useful intervention strategy to promote multicultural maternity care. Further, strategies to improve cultural nursing behavior should be developed to promote culturally congruent nursing care.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.60-69
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• 1998

Since the introduction of Western concept of nursing to Korea in late 1880s, Korean nursing practice has evolved into Korean culture. The purpose of this study was to explore and identify similarities and differences in hospital nursing practice between Korea and the United States using the grounded theory method. The data were gathered from 15 Korean nurses working in U.S. hospitals using semi-structured, in-depth interview method. Major similarities in nursing practice between Korea and U.S. existed in the 7 domains that Benner indicated in 1984. The nursing administration system was also similar in both countries. On the other hand, differences existed in how nurses execute these domains of nursing practice. These are the roles of nurses. nurse aides and family members. and the interpersonal relationships, and problem presentation and problem-solving strategies. American family members rarely participated in the patient's bedside nursing care, while Korean family members actively participated. American nurse aide participated in direct patient care, while Korean nurse aides did not. Also Korean nurses were participated more in administering and managiang the patient's diagnostic and treatment modalities, while American nurses foucused on the needs and demands of the patient. In terms of interpersonal relationships, American patients were more self-centered and demanding than Korean. American nurses focused more on the right of individuals while Korean nurses were more oriented to harmony with the coworkers. With inferiors and superiors, American members were more egalitarian, while Koreans tended to be hierachical. In ways of suggesting problems, American nurses tended to pick out the problems more frequently than Korean nurses did.. As to ways to solve the problems, American nurses relied heavily on explicit verbal explanations, while Korean nurses relied more on bodily action and behaviors. The results of this comparative study contribute to nursing by adding knowledge on the theory of culture care by describing the similarities and differences in nursing practice between Korea and the United States.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제12권5호_spc
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• pp.133-147
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• 2006

한국 사회가 빠르게 고령화 사회가 되고 있다. 한국인들은 자신의 부모들 세대보다 더 오래 살아야 한다. 기대 여명이 증가하고 사회구조가 변하면서 사람들은 삶의 질에 관심을 가지게 되었고, 한국 사회에는 웰빙 붐이 일었다, 그리고 한국인들에게 질 높은 삶을 위해서는 건강이 필수라는 인식이 자리 잡았다. 이런 건강에 대한 관심은 건강행동들로 이어진다. 한국인들의 건강관련지출은 다른 선진국들보다 훨씬 적지만 계속 증가추세에 있고, 앞으로의 초과 지출에 많은 부분이 질병예방과 장기요양시설의 확충에 투자될 것이다. 서양과는 다른 문화권에서는 사는 한국인의 삶의 질의 구성요인과 건강행동은 서양인과 다른 점이 있을 것이다 선행연구들에서 삶의 질에 대한 중요도로 건강이 최우선 순위로 나타나지 않은 것이 건강이 삶의 질에 결정적인 요인이 아니라는 것을 의미하지는 않는다. 건강은 삶의 질에 있어서 기본이다 .각종 질병에 의해 낮아진 삶의 질과 그것을 개선하기 위한 방법에 관한 다양한 연구들이 그것을 반증하고 있다. 건강 행동을 설명하는 모형들에서는 건강과 관련된 신념이나 태도 혹은 의도, 지각된 행동 통제력, 그리고 자기효능감 등이 중요한 요인으로 제시되었다. 나이가 들수록 신체적이고 생리적인 기능이 쇠퇴하고 만성질병에 걸릴 가능성이 높아지지만, 삶의 질은 그런 변화에 어떻게 반응하고 적응하느냐에 달려있다. 다른 어느 시기보다 노년기에서는 사회적 지원이 삶의 질을 위해 결정적인데, 특히 자녀로부터 지원이 중요하다. 자녀로부터의 지원은 한국 노인 개인의 자존감에 영향을 미치기 때문에 가정에서의 불화를 타인에게 노출하기 꺼려할 수 있다. 자기노출을 꺼리는 것은 다른 사회적 지원의 통로를 차단하기도 하고 그 자체가 건강을 해칠 수 있기 때문에 심리적 개입이 요구된다. 한국인의 기대 여명이 크게 증가하였기 때문에 정책적으로는 장기요양시설이 확충되어야 하겠지만 심리적 사회적 지원이 필요할 수밖에 없다. 그러나 한국에서는 개인 혹은 사회의 건강을 도모하고 삶의 질을 개선하는데 심리학자들이 크게 기여할 수 있다는 것이 국민들에게 충분히 알려져 있지 않다. 앞으로 심리학자들도 관심을 가지고 삶의 질과 관련하여 한국인의 건강에 적극적으로 개입할 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of the study was to identify the effects of a community-level metabolic syndrome self-care management program. Methods: Data included baseline demographics, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, blood sugar, triglyceride, and HDL-cholesterol collected at 15 public health centers in Seoul from January to March, 2010. A data obtained(584 men and 410 women) from Metabolic Syndrome Management Program in Seoul was analyzed using Paired t-test and Linear mixed model. Results: The group with 6-month intervention resulted in significant decrease in abdominal circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, blood sugar, and triglyceride. In moderate intervention group with 3-month follow-up showed tendency that abdominal circumference(-1.27(${\beta}$)) and diastolic blood pressure(-1.66(${\beta}$)) are significantly reduced. In the group with aggressive intervention, the more counseling led to significant reduction in abdominal circumference(-0.22(${\beta}$)). Conclusions: These results indicate that a self-care for metabolic syndrome management can improve metabolic syndrome status over a short-term period. Further structured research is needed to develop a systematic program on health behaviors focusing on exercise, diet, and intervention.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.648-667
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• 2002

This was a descriptive study designed to identify the level of coping method and its influencing factors on the family caregivers of demented patients, and resolve the family caregivers' level of stress. The data were collected from September 10 to October 10, 2001. Subjects for this study were recruited from four clinics, which were chosen from 15 clinics located in Chunbuk-Do as the study sites because of their cooperation for the study. They were similar in terms of size, the characteristics of the local community. and the population and registration status of the demented patients. The instruments used for the study were as follows: 1. Problematic behaviors of demented patients are measured by the Memory and Behavior Problem Checklist (Zarit, 1980), and the Linguistic Communication Symptoms Questionnaire (Bayles and Tomoeda, 1991) 2. The ability to carry out daily activities was measured using the Barthel Index (1965) and Katz Index (1963), which as well-known ADL assessment methods. 3. Burden was measured using Cost of Care Index by the Kosberg and Cairl (1986). 4. Coping strategy was measured Bell's 18 methods (1977). The data were analyzed using SPSS/PC. The study results were as follows: 1. The total stress score was 2.90 out of a maximum score of 5. The highest score reported was 3.09 on the dimension of restriction of individual and social activities, and the lowest region reported was 2.58 on the dimension of mental and physical health. 2. The total score of the coping method was 2.65 out of a maximum score of 5. The highest score reported was 4.01 on the dimension of thinking that includes an ideation such that it is better than any possible worst case, and the lowest score reported was 1.45 on the dimension of the self-image as a scapegoat. 3. There were significant differences in coping method among the subjects by age (F=2.752 p=0.04), caregiver (F=4.33 p=0.003), care-giving period (F=2.68 p=0.049), and dementia stage (F=2.87 p=0.034). 4. There were highly negative correlations ($\gamma$=-0.301 p=0.000) between problematic behaviors of demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. The highest correlation coefficient ($\gamma$=-0.339 p=0.000) was found between aggressive behaviors of the demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. 5. There was a low negative correlation ($\gamma$=-0.201 p=0.019) between the ADL of the demented patients and the coping method of their family caregivers. 6. There were highly negative correlations ($\gamma$=-0.213 p=0.005) between stress and the coping method of the family caregivers. The highest correlation was found between financial burden ($\gamma$=-.327 P=.000) and the coping method of the family caregivers. There was no significant correlation among unpleasant aspects of the demented patients, willingness to the demented patients, and the coping method of the family caregivers.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.500-513
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• 2023

Purpose: Women are more vulnerable to post-traumatic stress (PTS) than men, causing several health problems. Nurses should understand and work with women who have experienced trauma and provide interventions to promote their physical, social, and mental health. Methods: This quasi-experimental pilot study used a one-group pre-test/post-test design. Data were collected from 14 women recruited between December 2019 and May 2020 from a self-sufficiency support center in South Korea for sexually-exploited women who had experienced trauma. The program consisted of six one-on-one intervention sessions per week for six weeks. Each session averaged 60~120 minutes. Participants were assessed at pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up. Changes in outcome variables over time were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank and Friedman tests. Results: The caring program for health promotion was divided into six sessions: understanding the self, sharing traumatic events and negative emotions, reframing the meaning of traumatic events, identifying thoughts and physical and emotional responses, developing health promotion activities, and maintaining a positive attitude during the process of change. As a result of the caring program, PTS (F = 36.33, p < .001), depression (F = 24.45, p < .001), health-promoting behaviors (F = 7.06, p = .004), and self-esteem (F = 19.74, p < .001) among the participants differed significantly at pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. Conclusion: This study provides foundational information for the implementation of a theory-driven program by nurses in clinical and community settings to provide comprehensive care for women who have experienced trauma.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.615-627
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• 2011

Objectives : The study has three aims: 1) to assess the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of dental hygiene students and other college students towards oral and dental care, 2) to provide grounds for developing an oral and dental health educational program, and 3) to improve the oral and dental health status among the college student population. Methods : The subjects in this study were 520 students who included dental hygiene students from J health college and other majors from a four-year university located in Seoul. The survey was conducted from September, 2010, to June 3, 2011. The collected 507 questionnaires were analyzed. The collected data were analyzed by the statistical package SPSS WIN 12.0, and the level of significance was set at 0.05. Results : 1. As for a daily toothbrushing frequency, the largest number of the students brushed their teeth three times a day, and the dental hygiene students did that more often than the other majors(p<0.001). Concerning awareness of the toothbrushing method and the time for the change of the toothbrush, the rolling method was more prevailing among the dental hygiene students than the others(p<0.001). 2. In regard to education experience about the toothbrushing method and satisfaction with the existing toothbrushing method, 64.7% of respondents ever received education about the toothbrushing method(p<0.001). 3. As to scaling experience and gingival bleeding, the dental hygiene students had more scaling experiences(p<0.001), and the other majors who underwent gingival bleeding from time to time outnumbered the dental hygiene students who did(p<0.01). 4. In relation to subjective oral health status, the dental hygiene students found themselves to be in better oral health than the other majors(p<0.001), and the latter had more parts of the mouth in which they didn't feel well than the former(p<0.01). The dental hygiene students were more concerned about their oral health(p<0.001) and felt more uncomfortable in chewing(p<0.05). The other majors felt more uncomfortable in pronunciation(p<0.01). Conclusions : The results of this study indicated that dental hygiene students strongly recognized the importance of knowledge, motivation, and self-care behaviors, and attitudes towards oral health and dental care compared to other college students. It suggested that regular educational programs for the college student population should be implemented to increase their concern for oral and dental issues and to improve their oral and dental health status.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate correlation of childhood trauma experience and parent-adolescents' assessment reports on problem behavior through comparison of delinquent and general adolescents. Methods : First, delinquent adolescents and general adolescents were asked to complete the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Then, 71 pairs of delinquent adolescents and their parents and 133 pairs of general adolescents and their parents were asked to complete the Korean Youth Self-Report (K-YSR) and the Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL). Finally, responses from 410 people were used for the analysis. Results : First, childhood trauma experience score was significantly higher for delinquent adolescents, compared to general adolescents. Second, t-test showed a greater difference between K-YRS and K-CBCL for general adolescents than for delinquent adolescents. Third, in the case of delinquent adolescents, the correlation analysis of K-YSR filled out by adolescents and K-CBCL filled out by parents showed significant correlation in certain areas, including social immaturity, delinquent behaviors, internalization issues, and externalization issues. On the other hand, the correlation analysis of K-YSR and K-CBCL of general adolescents showed significant correlation in all sub-categories. Fourth, the correlation analysis of delinquent adolescents' CTQ and K-YSR showed minimal yet significant correlation in social adaptation, withdrawing, depression/anxiety, and delinquent/aggressive behaviors, however, no correlation was observed between CTQ and K-CBCL. The correlation analysis of general adolescents' CTQ and K-YSR, and CTQ and K-CBCL showed significant correlation in all sub-categories, although the degree of correlation varied. Conclusion : Delinquent adolescents had more childhood traumatic experiences. However, general adolescents' childhood traumatic experiences showed minimal yet significant correlation with various adaptation indicators and their parents responded in a similar way, indicating that general adolescents with childhood traumatic experiences need close care and attention even if they have not shown prominent delinquent behaviors.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.71-80
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 어린이집 급식시간에 관찰되는 영유아의 바람직하지 않은 식사행동과 이에 대한 보육교사의 식사지도 방법을 조사하기 위하여 서울시 금천구의 보육교사 169명을 대상으로 2013년 12월에 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 조사결과를 담당 영유아연령으로 구분하여 분석하였다. 본 연구결과, 조사대상 보육교사 중 59.2%는 승급교육 및 직무연수 등의 의무교육을 통해 식생활 교육을 수강한 것 이외에 별도의 교육을 수강한 경험이 없다고 하였다. 영양 및 위생 관련 지식점수는 30점 만점에 평균 14.6점이었다. 보육교사는 급식시간에 관찰되는 여러 식행동 중 '영유아가 돌아다니면서 음식을 먹는 행동'이 가장 바람직하지 않다고 응답하였으며 '영유아가 음식 또는 수저 등을 가지고 장난치는 행동'이 가장 빈번하게 나타난다고 하였다. '영유아가 돌아다니면서 음식을 먹는 행동 (p < 0.05)'은 담당 영유아연령에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 급식시간에 관찰되는 영유아의 바람직하지 않은 식사행동에 대해 보육교사의 식사지도 방법을 조사한 결과, '영유아의 음식을 남기는 행동 (p < 0.05)' 및 '영유아가 식사 후 식사도구 등을 정리하지 않는 행동 (p < 0.05)'에 대해 수행하는 식사지도 방법이 담당 영유아연령에 따라 통계적 차이를 보였다. '영유아가 음식을 남기는 행동'에 대해서 영아반 담당교사는 '칭찬 (34.6%)' 및 '영유아의 의사에 맡김(24.6%)'으로, 유아반 담당교사는 '설명 (38.5%)' 및 '칭찬(35.9%)'으로 식사지도 하는 경우가 많았으며, 식사 후 식사도구 등을 정리하지 않는 행동을 할 때, 유아반 담당교사의 61.5%가 '설명'의 방법으로 식사지도를 수행하였으며, 영아반 담당교사는 '설명 (33.1%)'이외에 '칭찬 (33.8%)', '모델링 (23.1%)'으로 식사지도를 수행하였다. 응답자가 근무하는 87.6%의 어린이집은 가정통신문 (45.0%)을 발송하거나 간담회 (21.9%)를 실시하여 영유아의 식사지도에 대해 가정과 상호작용하고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 본 연구는 어린이집의 보육교사에게 직접 관찰이 아닌 설문조사를 통하여 영유아의 바람직하지 않은 식사행동 및 이에 대한 식사지도 방법을 파악하여 실제 보육교사가 수행하고 있는 식사지도 방법과 차이가 있을 수 있다. 그러나 본 연구는 어린이집 급식시간에 관찰되는 영유아의 바람직하지 않은 식사행동과 이에 대한 보육교사의 식사지도 방법에 대한 실태를 파악하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 본 연구결과는 어린이집에서 실시하는 식사지도에 대한 지침 및 프로그램 개발 시 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있다.