• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.179-189
• /
• 1996

주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 아동의 주의력결핍 양상을 발견하고자 뇌사건관련전위(ERP)를 측정하고, 연령을 맞춘 정상대조군과 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 9세 이후의 주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 환아군은 동일한 연령군의 정상아동보다 선택적 주의집중력 및 자극변별력을 시사하는 파형의 잠복기(N1, P2)가 과제와 연관된 자극에 대해서 정상아동보다 통계적으로 유의하게 지연되어 있었다. 2) 환아군은 과제와 무관한 자극에 대해서는 정상아동보다 주의력을 시사하는 파형의 잠복기가 단축되고 진폭이 증가되어 있었다. 이를 통해 주의력결핍 ${\cdot}$ 과잉운동장애 환아군은 정상아동보다 쉽게 산만해지며 과제와 무관한 자극에 주의를 기울이는 반면, 과제를 수행하는 선택적이고 지속적인 주의집중력은 정상아동보다 떨어진다는 결론을 얻었다.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.9-19
• /
• 2013

Purpose : Study on the effects of attention(working memory) for normal adults by applying transcranial Direct Current Stimulation(tDCS). Methods : There are two groups of 10 random people aged between 20 to 30, one is an experimental group(stimulation) and the other is a comparison group(simulate stimulation). For the 1st da y, pre-stimulation test is executed, and for the 2nd day to the 4th day, tDCS is applied stimulated both on the right prefrontal lobe and the left occipital lobe through the electrode. The stimulation lasts for 15 minutes with voltage power of 1mA for each day. The post-stimulation test is executed on the day of 5th. In this paper, a FAIR attention test is used for measuring the attention. Results : As the result of the experiment, there are significant gaps both on the value of P, the ability of selective attention, and the value of C, the consistent ability after the stimulation on right prefrontal and left occipital lobe. And there is no significant gap on the value Q, the quality(Control). However, all the P, Q, and C values are increased according to the average value between the pre-stimulation test and the post-stimulation. Conclusion : Finally, ability of selective attention and self-control, and consistent attention is progressed by applying the tDCS to the normal people.

• 생물정신의학
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.19-23
• /
• 1997

Attention is a phenomenon hard to define, but can be conceptualized as a mental function ranging from sustaining readiness to perceive stimuli to understanding the nature and value and selecting stimuli that are most relevant to the given situation. Manifestations of attention include vigilance, and focused, directed, selective, divided, and sustained attentions. While basic attentional tone is controlled by the interaction among reticular activating system, thalamus and prefrontal cortex, direction and selection of attention is controlled by neural circuits of prefrontal, posterior parietal, and limbic cortex. It is expected that understanding of attention and its neural control could provide answers to the relationship between pathophysiology and clinical symptoms of some major psychiatric disorders. More efforts are required to develop tools to assess more detailed and various aspects of attention in Korea.

• 만화애니메이션 연구
• /
• 통권41호
• /
• pp.133-152
• /
• 2015

일부 예술가와 과학자의 물리적 현상과 그 표현형식에 대한 연구에서 시작된 애니메이션은 20세기후반에 들어 인식론과 이미지 생산 기술의 급속한 발달에 힘입어 기존의 미디어 기능을 통합, 재창조를 수행하며 대중문화콘텐츠 형성에 핵심적인 요소로 인식되어 왔다. 현대의 애니메이션은 작가의 예술 활동만큼이나 상업성과 흥행 여부도 강조되며 그 대상인 관객도 배제할 수 없다. 이것은 애니메이션이 예술적 의미에서 상업적 의미까지 그 범위가 확장되었음을 뜻한다. 관객은 애니메이션에서 단순히 '볼거리'와 '들을 거리' 만을 제공받고자 하는 것이 아니며 그이상의 간접적인 정신적 충족을 요구한다. 반면 연출자는 관객의 몰입을 이끌어내 자신이 의도한 신비화된 세계관으로 작품 안으로 유도하고자 한다. 여기서 관객과 연출자간의 충돌이 일어나며 연출자에게는 그 해결점으로 '소통에 대한 기교와 기술'이 요구된다. 어떻게 말할 것인가'로 축약되는 소통의 기술은 애니메이션 연출가가 관객에게 접근하는 표현 방법이며 관객의 심리적 면과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 관객은 연출자와 시점의 동일선상에 놓이지만 화면이라는 제한적 공간에서 재현되기 때문에 관객은 수용하는 입장이고 연출자는 제공하는 입장이기에 연출자에게 주도권이 부여되기 때문이다. 이러한 이유로 연출자는 관객의 심리적인 면에 주의를 기울일 필요가 있고 정신분석학의 이론에 따라 설명이 가능하다. 본고에서는 애니메이션이 "어떻게 관객과 연출자가 동일선상에 놓일 수 있는가?" 하는 논리 아래 관객의 심리현상중 하나인 '시각포획 현상'으로 일어나는 '선택적 주의집중'과 하위 개념인 '목표 지향적 선별기능'과 '자극에 의한 포착기능'을 심리학 이론의 배경으로 자료를 삼고자 한다. 또한 그에 따른 관객의 선택적 주의집중을 이끌어내는 유도장치들이 애니메이션 안에서 어떻게 적용되고 있는가를 고찰해보자 한다.

• International Journal of Contents
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2016

This exploratory study examines the critical factors associated with news consumers' perception of information overload and news consumption patterns. An online survey was conducted with Qualtrics panels (N = 1001). The demographics and three antecedent factors of perceived information overload were considered including the frequency of news access through multiple media platforms, level of attention to news, and interest in news. Three news consumption patterns were investigated as possible consequences of perceived information overload: news avoidance, selective exposure, and willingness to pay for news. The results of hierarchical regression analyses revealed a meaningful distinction between general and news information overload. Overall, news consumers who paid more attention to news through newer media/platforms/devices perceived higher levels of information overload, were more willing to pay for the news, and often avoided news or selectively exposed themselves to certain sources of news to manage news information overload.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
• /
• 제11권7호
• /
• pp.587-594
• /
• 2005

In this paper, a robust correlation-based video tracking is proposed to track a moving object in correlated image sequences. A correlation-based video tracking algorithm seeks to align the incoming target image with the reference target block image, but has critical problems, so called a false-peak problem and a drift phenomenon (correlator walk-off. The false-peak problem is generally caused by highly correlated background pixels with similar intensity of a moving target and the drift phenomenon occurs when tracking errors accumulate from frame to frame because of the nature of the correlation process. At first, the false-peaks problem for the ordinary correlation-based video tracking is investigated using a simple mathematical analysis. And, we will suggest a robust selective-attention correlation measure with a gradient preprocessor combined by a drift removal compensator to overcome the walk-off problem. The drift compensator adaptively controls the template block size according to the target size of interest. The robustness of the proposed method for practical application is demonstrated by simulating two real-image sequences.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제38C권11호
• /
• pp.1000-1009
• /
• 2013

본 연구는 다차원 영상 시각피로를 정량적으로 평가하기 위해 선택적 주의이론에 근거한 청각자극 실험패러다임을 이용하여 시청 전후의 태스크 퍼포먼스 변화를 비교 평가하고자 하였다. 21명의 대학생들이 약 80분의 모바일 3D 콘텐츠 시청 전후에 청각자극을 이용한 선택적 주의 태스크를 각각 수행하였다. 실험참가자들의 주관피로평가 결과를 본페로니의 알파 수정을 적용한 윌콕슨 부호 순위 검정으로 분석하고 피로군과 비피로군으로 분류하여 태스크 퍼포먼스를 비교 평가하였다. 비피로군의 경우 시청 전후 태스크 퍼포먼스 인덱스에서 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 피로군의 경우 모바일 3D 콘텐츠 시청 후에 타겟에 대한 반응 시간이 유의하게 증가하고 반응 정확도가 유의하게 감소하였다. 작업기억 태스크 정확도의 경우는 두 그룹 다 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.66-73
• /
• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the trajectory of change of diverse attention and working memory in Koreans from 4 to 40 years of age. Methods: The data of 912 subjects from 4 to 15 years of age obtained from a previous standardization study of the computerized comprehensive attention test were merged with the newly obtained data of 150 subjects aged 16 to 40 years from this study. We evaluated the various kinds of attention, in which each subtest had five indicators. Working memory, with parameters such as number of correct responses and span, was also measured. Results: Our findings indicated that attention developed as age increased, and it decreased or was maintained after a certain age. Selective and sustained attention developed rapidly in children and adolescents, until mid-teens or 20 s when it ceased development. Divided attention, however, developed up to approximately age 20. In addition, working memory developed until mid-teens or 20 s. Conclusion: We presented the standardized data on diverse kinds of attention and working memory in children, adolescents, and adults in Korea. We could recognize any patterns of change in attention and working memory with increasing age.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
• /
• 제26권10호
• /
• pp.1193-1203
• /
• 1999

본 논문에서는 한글과 영문 문서 영상들에 대한 기울어짐 추정(skew estimation) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 전체 문서 영상에서 텍스트 요소들이 밀집되어 있는 영역을 선별하고, 선별된 영역에 대해 허프 변환을 적용하는 선택적 주의집중(selective attention) 방식을 채택한다. 제안 방법의 기울기 추정 과정은 2단계로 구성되는데, coarse 단계에서는 전체 영상을 몇 개의 영역으로 나누고 동일한 영역에 속하는 데이타들간의 연결 각도를 계산하여 각 영역별 accumulator에 저장한다. accumulator에 저장된 빈도치를 기준으로 $\pm$45$^{\circ}$범위 내에서 최대 $\pm$1$^{\circ}$의 오차를 가진 각 영역별 기울기를 계산한 후, 이들 중 최대 빈도값을 갖는 영역을 선정하고 그 영역의 기울기 각도를 문서 영상의 대략적인 기울기 각도로 결정한다. Refine 단계에서는 coarse 단계에서 선정된 영역에 허프 변환을 적용하여 정확한 기울기를 계산하는데, coarse 단계에서 추정한 기울기의 $\pm$1$^{\circ}$범위 내에서 0.1$^{\circ}$간격으로 측정한다. 이와 같은 선택적 주의집중 방식을 통해 기울기 추정에 소요되는 시간 비용은 최소화하고, 추정의 정확도는 최대화 할 수 있다.제안 방법의 성능 평가를 위한 실험은 다양한 형태의 영문과 한글 문서 영상 2,016개에 적용되었다. 제안 방법의 평균 수행 시간은 Pentium 200MHz PC에서 0.19초이고 평균 오차는 $\pm$0.08$^{\circ}$이다. 또한 기존의 기울기 추정 방법과 제안 방법의 성능을 비교하여 제안 방법의 우수성을 입증하였다.Abstract In this paper we propose a skew estimation algorithm for English and Korean document images. The proposed method adopts a selective attention strategy, in which we choose a region of interest which contains a cluster of text components and then apply a Hough transform to this region. The skew estimation process consists of two steps. In the coarse step, we divide the entire image into several regions, and compute the skew angle of each region by accumulating the slopes of lines connecting any two components in the region. The skew angle is estimated within the range of $\pm$45 degree with a maximum error of $\pm$1 degree. Next we select a region which has the most frequent slope in the accumulators and determine the skew angle of the image roughly as the angle corresponding to the most frequent slope. In the refine step, a Hough transform is applied for the selected region within the range of $\pm$1 degree along the angle computed from the coarse step, with an angular resolution of 0.1 degree. Based on this selective attention strategy, we can minimize the time cost and maximize the accuracy of the skew estimation.We have measured the performance of the proposed method by an experiment with 2,016 images of various English and Korean documents. The average run time is 0.19 second on a Pentium 200MHz PC, and the average error is $\pm$0.08 degree. We also have proven the superiority of our algorithm by comparing the performance with that of other well-known methods in the literature.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.194-204
• /
• 1999

The objectives of this study were to assess the current practices of implementing selective menus and to identify the perception of foodservice manager and customer on selective menus for hospital foodservice would be fulfilled. Two types of questionnaires for hospital foodservice managers as well as customers were developed. Questionnaires were distributed to managers of 8 hospital foodservice department and 317 customers of patient meal service, and 6 managers and 139 customers were responded. The data were analyzed using frequency and t-test. The results of this study can be summarized as follows : 1. In hospital foodservice operations, the selective menu pattern was first introduced by L hospital on June 1994 in Seoul and recently 8 hospitals were currently implementing selective menus. But using rate of selective menus by patients were relatively low(23.2%), ranging from 15% to 32%. 2. Customers' needs for selective menus were rated significantly higher in the group of patients(4.24/5) who chose the selective menus than their counterpart(3.88/5). 3. The main reason not choosing selective menus was identified by patients as 'not knowing the implementation of selective menus'(52.6%), inconvenient factors in using selective menus for customer were also identified as orders : 'lack of nutrition information on menu item'(38.6%), 'complexity in procedure'(29.8%), and 'lack of menu variety'(26.3%). However managers considered 'managerial burden' and 'limited human resource' as main obstacle to implement the selective menu pattern. 4. Customers indicated 'variety of menu', 'active public relations' as effective methods to enhance using rate of selective menus, however, foodservice manager indicated 'variety of menu'(50%), 'improvement of quality'(16.7%), and 'simplicity in procedure'(16.7%). Based on the results of this study, following recommendations have been suggested : Managers in patient meal service should recognize customer needs for implementing selective menus and pay more attention in implementing selective menus and activating this program. For more effective implementation of activating selective menu program, the foodservice department should establish action plan on 'active publicity work', 'simplicity in procedures', 'variety of menu' and 'improvement of quality'. Especially nutrition informations on meals should be provided for customers in order to elevate participation rate.