• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.169-177
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• 2012

Due to the influences of global financial crisis, countries are putting their efforts on the enhancement of appropriateness and transparency of director compensation. In several countries including Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy, listed companies and financial institutions in certain levels make public announcement for compensations of individual directors, not the averages. Recently, even Asian countries including China, Hong Kong, and Singapore are introducing individual director compensation public announcement policies. On the other hand, in cases of companies, which must submit annual reports, under current Korean capital market laws and enforcement ordinances, they are obligated to mention 'total wage paid to all executives in that business year' on the annual report, but does not have to mention individual wages of each executive. About this, at the 17th national assembly, revised bill for the Securities and Exchange Act for companies to mention wages of each executive. The financial world is opposing to open individual director compensation to the public as they concern about the shrinking of outstanding human resources recruitment, breach of corporate confidence, privacy invasion, deterioration of labor-management relations, and downfall of the executive's management will as director compensation will be standardized downward; however, if public opening of individual director compensation is forced, domestic companies will prepare more objective and rational standards when they calculate director compensations, and moreover, it will prevent arbitrary intervention of dominant shareholders. Therefore, to clearly and efficiently control director compensation, we need regulations for obligating public opening of individual director compensation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.91-102
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• 2020

This study constructed production frontiers of inputs and outputs in a sequential manner, measured inefficiencies by applying a non-radial sequential weighted Russell directional distance function to these frontiers, and analyzed Luenberg productivity indices and the contribution of each of input and output factor based on these distances. The results are as follows. First, the productivity of banks increased due to technical changes after the global financial crisis. Second, productivity growth decreased between 2009 and 2014 due to technical changes after the recession, as previous studies have shown that technology progressed before the global financial crisis but then largely decreased or remained the same thereafter. After 2014, the productivity of banks improved. This result may be due to both technology improvement after 10 years of stagnation and reduction of inputs and non-performing loans. Third, the 3.6% annual of productivity growth for 10 years was comprised of 1.77% household loans, 0.67% corporate loans, 0.98% manpower, 1.18% non-performing loans, -0.5% total deposits, and -1.25% securities. Finally, this study has limitations since it could not control risks such as capital structure and interest volatility.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.291-307
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• 2017

This study analyzes the effects of global diversification level on discretion accruals and firm value. In order to verify the hypothesis of this study, the sample of securities companies was selected from 2012 to 2015, and the final sample is 2,139 firm-year. The results of this paper are as follows : First, discretionary accruals increased as the diversification level increased. We conducted an additional analysis as to whether the increase in information asymmetry due to international diversification affects discretionary accruals. As a result, the increase of information asymmetry due to international diversification increased discretionary accruals. This analysis is consistent with EI Mehdi and Seboui(2001)'s study. Second, we analyze the impact of international diversification on corporate value. In previous studies, there was no consistent conclusion about the relationship between international diversification and firm value(Christophe and Pfeiffer, 2002; Denis and Vost, 2002; Bodnar and Wenintrop, 1997; Bodnar et al., 2003). Therefore, this study hypothesizes that the increase in discretionary accruals, which have been driven by international diversification, will have an impact on firm value. Aa a result of the analysis, we found that the increase in discretionary accruals due to diversification declines the firm value. This means that the increase in discretionary accruals due to diversification is utilized as and opportunistic means by taking individual gain of managers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.4884-4890
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• 2015

These days most of people possesses an average of one to two mobile devices in the world and a wireless network market is gradually expanding. Wi-Fi preference are increasing in accordance with the use growth of mobile devices. A number of areas such as public agencies, health care, education, learning, and content, manufacturing, retail create new values based on Wi-Fi, and the global network is built and provides complex services. However, There exist some attacks and vulnerabilities like wireless radio device identifier vulnerability, illegal use of network resources through the MAC forgery, wireless authentication key cracking, unauthorized AP / devices attack in the next generation radio network environment. In addition, advanced security technology research, such as authentication Advancement and high-speed secure connection is not nearly progress. Therefore, this paper designed a secure communication system for message protection in next-generation wireless network environments by device identification and, designing content classification and storage protocols. The proposed protocol analyzed safeties with respect to the occurring vulnerability and the securities by comparing and analyzing the existing password techniques in the existing wireless network environment. It is slower 0.72 times than existing cypher system, WPA2-PSK, but enforces the stability in security side.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.135-161
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• 2007

In this paper, we study empirically the dividend initiation decisions of IPO firms listed on Korea Securities Market and KOSDAQ Market. Specifically, we study three aspects of dividend initiation decision, (a) dividend initiation decision, (b) dividend level decision, (c) time-to-initiation decision. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, determinants suggested by the major theories of dividends, namely, residual dividend, dividend signaling, agency, catering, and transactions cost theory explain significantly the dividend initiation decision. Second, determinants suggested by the major theories of dividends explain significantly the dividend level decision. So to speak, most of the findings for dividend initiation decision also hold for the dividend level decision. Third, most of the factors that increase(decrease) the probability of dividend initiation reduce(increase) the time-to-initiation. Almost of the dividend initiation firms start paying dividends within two years of the IPO. Thus, if IPO firm does not initiate dividend early in the life of the firm, then it is highly likely that it will never initiate dividend.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.601-608
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• 2018

While the legislation on the protection of personal information in public institutions was enacted and amended, the guidelines and laws on information security were focused, contracted and realized with focus on specific institutions. Mutual laws and guidelines have been applied and realized for the dual purpose of securing both the asset of macroscopic information and the asset of personally identification information, which are mutually different media information. However, in a bid to present the definition and direction of the fourth industrial revolution in 2017, a variety of products and solutions for security designed to ensure the best safety line of the 21st century, and the third technology with the comprehensive coverage for all these fields, a number of solutions and technologies, including IOT(: Internet of Things), ICT Internet of Things(: ICT), ICT Cloud, and AI (: Artificial Intelligence) are pouring into the security market as if plastic doll toys were manufactured in massive scale into the market. With the rising need for guaranteeing the interrelation for securities with dualistic physical, administrative, logical and psychological differences, that is, information security and personal information security that are classified into two main categories and for the enhanced security for integrated management and technical application, the study aims to acquire the optimal security by analyzing the interrelationship between the two cases and applying it to the study results.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.23-36
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• 2012

Objectives : The coverage of Korean National Health Insurance is limited to basic level. Korean government encourages private health insurance for covering medical securities. So, many studies examined the determinants of purchasing private health insurance. However, 11% of Korean population is older than 65 in 2011. Considering the elderly is important to establish a health policy. The aim of this study is to examine factors determining the purchase of private health insurance among middle-aged and elderly Korean adults. Methods : We used the second Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA), selected 8,688 sample of the aged 47 or older for the analysis. KLoSA collected information on demographic characteristics, income, health- related factors. KLoSA data include in the number of outpatient, inpatient, oriental hospital visit, dental clinic visit for two years. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between the determinants of purchasing private health insurance and the factors which include age, gender, education, residential district, marital status, smoking, drinking, physical exercise, economic activity status, national health insurance type, income, the number of chronic disease, and the number of outpatient, inpatient, oriental hospital visit, dental clinic visit for two years. Results : People who were older, did not live in a city, had higher IADL, currently drunk alcohol, did exercise regularly and had chronic diseases more than three were inclined not to purchase private health insurance. Females, the married, well-educated, past & currently smokers, the employed, high income earners, national health insurers, metropolitan citizens and someone who got high MMSE were more likely to purchase private health insurance. The more people experienced outpatients, inpatients, dental clinics and Chinese medicine clinics, the more private health insurance was purchased. The elderly people over 75 had more private health insurance than the aged 65-74. The strongest factors for private health insurance is gender, and economic status such as income. Conclusion : In this study, we found healthy-high income people were more likely to purchase private health insurance. In contrast, unhealthy-low income and older people did not. The economic factors were strongly related with private health insurance in aged over 75. These mean inequality exists in the using private health insurance. Therefore, the government should consider vulnerable social group before expanding private health insurance.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.10
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• pp.387-407
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• 2005

Thanks to the developments of IT technologies, such critical infrastructures as fundamental structures of energies, material circulations, monetary circulations, and living necessaries are intertwined as well as mutually dependent. In this respect, the fact that national infrastructures are closely related to IT infrastructures implies not only expected benefits to provide diverse information-based services, but also anticipated costs to bring about new dangers. However, in spite of these threats, traditional researchers have not put enough interests in these indirect danger, which yield the damages in broad areas through paralyzing risk management systems, although they have investigated such direct threats as nuclear accidents, conflagrations, traffic troubles, and gasoline accidents. Considering that the tendency to depend on electricity, so-called electrification, which is caused by automation and informationalization, is intensified in all parts of society, the breakout problem as a factor to inhibit securities in information-oriented society is significant. Thus, the problems of large-scale power blackout should be treated as national crises. Also, preparation systems for large-scale power blackout have to be provided quickly. In this paper, with analyzing various cases of large-scale power blackout and investigation the causes of them, researches on the blackout management systems of Korea are to be present, on the basis of national crisis management states which are comprised of protection (mitigating and preparing), responding, and recovering(rewarding).

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.8
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• pp.341-373
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• 2001

Firms are confronting the age of an infinite competition. In order to respond to the rapidly changing business environment and make a success and survival in the international and domestic securities market, firms must take a consideration on the stockholders value-oriented philosophy which has greatly contributed not only to the maximization of corporate profits but also to the stability of financial markets. To pursue stockholders value-oriented philosophy, a firm should build strong relationship with investors by providing exact information of firm's state, financial statement, management policy. Stockholders value-oriented philosophy contributes to long-term growth and development of the firm as well as efficient equity financing and friendship with stockholder. IR is the key factor to attain successful implementation of company's objective. It should be equipped with the most suitable organization and qualified man-power for IR activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between IR and relationship marketing management. Strategic implications of this study are as follows: First, This study provides a new explanations of IR activities in Relationship Marketing Management. Second, IR activities were key determinants of Trust and Commitment. That means the more a firm does IR activities, the more Trust and Commitment a firm has for their investors. Third, The variables of trust and commitment are highly related to marketing and financial success. IR have a positive effect on a company total value and its cost of capital relative to that of the overall market.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.13
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• pp.529-550
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• 2007

In proportion to the increase of public security demand, the private companies advanced continuously every year. However the size of the industry expanded in its quantity, the quality remains the same as before. So it's important to training of the security officers. This study suggest the improvements of training system through the analysis and the review of problems of training and education security officers. To develop our private security industry, we suggest as follows. First, In spite of the training is important, the recognition against security officers training is low, so the improvement is demanded. Second, When selecting the educational institution, it does not reflect the demand and situation of education enough. So there is necessary that selecting the educational institution again, after finishing a demonstration duration. Third, The education contents is general, so there is a necessity of the education which is professionalized. Fourth, In order to improve the ability of the lecturer, we must strengthen the qualification of the lecturer. Fifth, For the development of securities industry, we must found the professional training institution.