• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.283-289
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• 2009

The multi-stage shape drawing is used to obtain long shaped products with high levels of dimensional accuracy and quality. It is important to design the cross sectional shapes of the intermediate passes to meet the required dimensional accuracy of the final product in the multi-stage shape drawing. Until now, the cross sectional shapes of the intermediate passes have been designed by the experiences. It is still remained unsolved problem to design the cross sectional shapes of intermediate pass drawing dies in the multi-pass shape drawing. In this study, a new technique is proposed to design the cross sectional shapes of intermediate passes. The proposed method is applied to a multi-stage shape drawing for a LM-guide which is one of the representative shape drawing products. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, FE-simulation and experiments have been carried out. The dimensional accuracy of the proposed method is compared with that of the conventional shape drawing process designed by the industrial engineers.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.627-632
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• 2008

The cross sectional shape of intermediate die is one of important parameters to improve dimensional accuracy of final product in shaped drawing process. Until now, it has been designed by the experience or trial and error of the expert. In this study, the cross sectional shape of intermediate die for spline shape is determined by the electric fields analysis and scale factor method. The result of the electric fields analysis and scale factor method have been compared with that of the expert method. The effects of cross sectional shape on the dimensional accuracy were investigated by using FE-simulation. And then the multi-stage shaped drawing experiments were performed to verify the results of FE-simulation. As a result, the cross sectional shape from the electric fields analysis and scale factor method had the good dimensional accuracy. These two methods can be used for the method to obtain the cross sectional shape of intermediate die in shaped drawing process.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.3-14
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• 2000

Structural performance of the walls subjected to lateral load reversals depends on various parameters such as loading history, sectional shape, reinforcement, lateral confinement, aspect ratio, axial compression, etc. Thus, the performance of the shearwall for wall-type apartment should be evaluated properly considering above parameters. This study investigates the effect of sectional shape on the structural performance of the wall. Sectional shape of the specimen is rectangular, barbell and T. Based on this experimental results, all specimens behaved as ductile fashion and failed by concrete crushing of the compression zone. Deformation index of those specimens evaluated better than 3 of ductility ratio, and 1.5% of deformability specified by seismic provision. Moreover, the performance of the rectangular shaped specimen, whose compression zone was confined with U-bar and cross tie, was as good as the barbell shaped specimen. Therefore, if we considered construction practice such as workmanship and detailing, shearwall with rectangular section may be more economical lateral load resisting system.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.182-186
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• 2004

The effect of braid construction parameters on yarn cross-sectional shape is presented in this paper. The location of the yam within the braid unit cell is quantified by a compaction factor. A range of braided fabrics were produced and optically measured for actual yarn cross-sectional shape. A comparison of the theoretical and experimental values shows good correlation. Design curves can be produced with the developed model to allow selection of appropriate braid process parameter to create yarns with desired cross-sectional geometries.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.110-113
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• 1999

Clothing shape is principally described in seven factors that are composed of clothing design, clothing material, clothing size, pattern design, sewing method and body motion etc. The aims of this study was to measurement out-line space-shape variation of clothing fitness with body by using the image processing. The subjects for direct anthropometric measurements were 248 female college students aged from 19 to 22. The data were statistically analyzed by principal analysis and cluster analysis. The results selected one somatotype. for the out-line space-shape variation of clothing fitness with body, there dimensional clothing shapes measured. and cross-sectional clothing shape obtained by the measurement was considered to be space wave form. The out-line space-shape variation of clothing fitness with body was observed between the node number and amplitudes of clothing wave form, and node number was determined at the maxim of space-shape amplitude, and the space-shape amplitudes have related with aspect ratio of cross-sectional shape. (Korean J of Human Ecology 2(1) :110-113, 1999)

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2003

In this article, we establish relations between the sectional curvature and the shape operator and also between the k-Ricci curvature and the shape operator for a slant submanifold in a Sasakian space form of constant $\varphi-sectional$ curvature with arbitrary codimension.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 2007

A rolling speed dependent spread model is proposed for predicting the exit cross sectional shape in oval-round (or round-oval) pass rod rolling process when the rolling speed is very high. The effect of rolling speed on the exit cross sectional shape is measured by performing a four-pass continuous high speed (${\sim}80m/s$) rod rolling test and is described in terms of the spread correction parameter. The validity of the model is examined by applying it to rod rolling process at POSCO No.3 Rod Mill. The cross sectional shapes of workpiece predicted by the proposed model coupled with the surface profile prediction $method^{6}$ are in good agreement with those obtained experimentally.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.43-48
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• 2012

The screen printing method is much used in the flat panel display field including the LCD, PDP, FED, organic EL, and etc. for forming the high precision micro-pattern. Also A number of studies of screen printing method has been conducted as the method for the cost down through the improvement of productivity. Because of being the dot printing method of the cylindrical shape not being the line printing method like the existing PDP barrier rib and phosphor, the pillar arrays using the screen printing method is deposited in the hemispherical type not being cylindrical shape in the existing printing process conditions. In this paper, the parameters were set on the screen printing device in order to deposit the cross-sectional shape with the cone or trapezoid shape of the pillar in depositing the pillars used the screen printing device for vacuum glazing. The cross-sectional shape slope of the pillar according to the parameters was measured. And analysis the effect of the screen printing process conditions on the cross-sectional shape slope of pillars based upon the result of being measured. The processing conditions were drawn to minimize the cross-sectional shape slope of pillar.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2001

A reliable analytic model that determines the exit cross sectional shape a workpiece(material) in round-oval (oroval-round) pass sequence has been developed. The exit cross sectional shape of an outgoing workpiece is predicted by using the linear interpolation of the radius of curvature of an incoming workpiece and that of roll groovw to the roll axis direction. The requirements placed on the choice of the weighting function were to ensure boundary conditions specified. The validity of the analytic model has been examined by not rod rolling experiment with the roll gap and specimen size changed. The exit cross sectional shape and area of the workpiece predicted by the proposed analytic model were good agreement with those obtained experimentally. We found that the analytic model has not only simplicity and accuracy for practical usage but also save a large amount of computational time compared with finite element method.

• Composites Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.207-212
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• 2014

The shape optimization of composite flexbeam sections of a bearingless helicopter rotor is studied using a finite element (FE) sectional analysis integrated with an efficient evolutionary optimization algorithm called particle swarm assisted genetic algorithm (PSGA). The sectional optimization framework is developed by automating the processes for geometry and mesh generation, and the sectional analysis to compute the elastic and inertial properties. Several section shapes are explored, modeled using quadratic B-splines with control points as design variables, through a multiobjective design optimization aiming minimum torsional stiffness, lag bending stiffness, and sectional mass while maximizing the critical strength ratio. The constraints are imposed on the mass, stiffnesses, and critical strength ratio corresponding to multiple design load cases. The optimal results reveal a simpler and better feasible section with double-H shape compared to the triple-H shape of the baseline where reductions of 9.46%, 67.44% and 30% each are reported in torsional stiffness, lag bending stiffness, and sectional mass, respectively, with critical strength ratio greater than 1.5.