• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.25-27
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• 2003

In this paper the instantaneous thrust of a linear induction motor(LIM) with cage-type secondary is estimated by the line voltages and phase currents measurement when the LIM is fed by PWM inverter. The estimated thrust values according to various input frequencies are compared with the measured ones.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 1986

By the floating zone method with infrared radiation convergence type heater homogeneously $Cr^{3+}$ doped alu-mina single crystal was obtained. And sizx {1010} facets appeared at the surface of [0001] grown crystals. $ZrO_2$ and $HfO_2$ precipitated as secondary phase and were not doped in the crystals. We found that the dist-ribution of the secondary phase which was mainly located at the surface and the peripheral region was closely related to the flow pattern of melt zone.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.525-532
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• 1992

TiO2 fine powder was synthesized in the gas phase by chemical vapor deposition using hydrolysis of TiCl4. Content of rutile phase in the powder was investigated. Powder characteristics such as size, crystallinity and morphology were also studied by means of TEM, SEM and XRD. Rutile phase in TiO2 powder started to be formed from 100$0^{\circ}C$ and the content increased with the reaction temperature and TiCl4 concentration. As the temperature increased from 80$0^{\circ}C$ to 140$0^{\circ}C$, the primary particle size increased while secondary particle size decreased. Spherical secondary particle with fine primary crystals agglomerated was produced at low temperature of 80$0^{\circ}C$ whereas the grown primary particle being final particle size was produced at higher temperature of 140$0^{\circ}C$. Other effects of TiCl4 and H2O partial pressures on particle size were also reported in this study.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.1056-1061
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• 1999

Phase formation and oxygen ion conduction of La(Ba)Ga(Mg)O3-$\delta$ system was studied, BaLaGa3O7 and BaLaGaO4 formed as a secondary phase above the solubility limit of Ba2+ in La3+ sites. The oxygen ionic conductivity of La(Ba)Ga(Mg)O3-$\delta$ was 0.1 S/cm 80$0^{\circ}C$ The activation energy of the oxygen ion conduction was dependent on temperature. This value was higher at low temperature than at high temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.453-460
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• 1997

Sr-ferrite having magnetoplumbite structure is similar to Ba-ferrite in magnetic characteristics, but better magnetic characteristics for using motor application. To improve remanence magnetic flux density(Br) and coercive force(iHc), it is necessary that sintered ferrites must have high density and grain size less than 1 $\mu$m. By varying n values in SrO.nFe2O3 basic composition, calcination temperature, and BaO addition, Sr-ferrite powder and sintered specimen was prepared. The n values, calcination temperature, and BaO addition affected secondary phase formation, particle size, and particle shape. BaO addition enhanced Fe2O3 secondary phase and hexagonal shape particle. Fe2O3 phase reduced sintered density which greatly decreased Br.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 2005

Homogeneous and fine powders for Bi-2223 tape were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (SP) method from an aqueous solution of metal nitrates. Bi-2223 precursor powders were synthesized with various solutes concentration and pyrolysis temperature. The synthesized precursor powders had a narrow particle size distribution and an average particle size was $\~{\cal}um$. The reactivity of precursor powder by SP method is very high, attributed to the fine and narrow particle size distribution. Bi-2223/Ag tape was prepared using PIT method and followed by various sintering conditions. The precursor powder by SP method promoted a very quick formation of the Bi-2223 phase for short sintering time while the secondary phase such as large AEC phase and $Ca_2PbO_4$ were minimized for SP tapes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.689-693
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• 2009

We investigate the comparison of fault current characteristics between the separates three-phase flux-lock type superconducting fault current limiter(SFCL) and integrated three-phase flux-lock type superconducting fault current limiter(SFCL). The single-phase flux-lock type SFCL consists of two coils. The primary coil is wound in parallel to the secondary coil on an iron core and superconducting elements are connected to secondary coil in series. Superconducting elements are used by the YBCO coated conductor. The separated three-phase flux-lock type SFCL consists of single-phase flux-phase type SFCL in each phase. But the integrated three-phase flux-lock type SFCL consists of three-phase flux-reactors wound on an iron core. Flux-reactor consists of the same turn's ratio between coil 1 and coil 2 for each single phase. To compare the current limiting characteristics of the separated three-phase flux-lock type SFCL and integrated three-phase flux-lock type SFCL, the short circuit experiments are carried out fault condition such as the single line-to-ground fault. The experimental result shows that fault current limiting characteristic of the separated three-phase flux-lock type SFCL was better than integrated three-phase flux-lock type SFCL. And the integrated three-phase flux-lock type SFCL has an effect on sound phase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.127-133
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• 2000

In the present study flow characteristics of turbulent pulsating flow in a square-sectional 180。 curved duct are investigated experimentally. in order to measure axial velocity and secondary flow distributions experimental studies for air flow are conducted in a square-sectional $180^{\circ}$ curved duct by using the LDV system with the data acquisition and the processing system of the Rotating Machinery Resolver (RMR) and the PHASE software. The experiment is conducted on seven sections form the inlet(${\phi}=180^{\circ}$) at $30^{\circ}$ intervals of the duct. The results obtained from the experimentation are summarized as follows : In the axial velocity distributions of turbulent pulsating flow when the ratio of velocity amplitude(A1) is less than one there is hardly any velocity change in the section except near the wall and any change in axial velocity distribution along the phase. The secondary flow of turbulent pulsating flow has a positive value at the vend angle of $150^{\circ}$ without regard to the ratio of velocity amplitude. The dimensionless value of secondary flow becomes gradually weak and approaches zero in the region of bend angle $180^{\circ}$ without regard to the ratio of velocity amplitude.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.15-23
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• 2000

In the present study, flow characteristics of turbulent pulsating flow in the square-sectional $180^{\circ}$curved duct are investigated experimentally. In order to measure axial direction velocity and secondary flow distributions, experimental studies for air flow are conducted in the square-sectional $180^{\circ}$curved duct by using the LDV system with the data acquisition and the processing system of the Rotating Machinery Resolver (RMR) and the PHASE software. The experiment is conducted on seven sections form the inlet($\phi=0^{\circ}$) to the outlet($\phi=180^{\circ}$) at $30^{\circ}$intervals of the duct. The results obtained from the experimentation are summarized as follows : In the axial direction velocity distributions of turbulent pulsating flow, when the ratio of velocity amplitude (A1) is less than one, there is hardly any velocity change in the section except near the wall and in axial velocity distribution along the phase. The secondary flow of turbulent pulsating flow has a positive value at the bend angle of $150^{\circ}$regardless of the ratio of velocity amplitude. The dimensionless value of secondary flow becomes gradually weak and approaches zero in the region of bend angle $180^{\circ}$without regard to the ratio of velocity amplitude.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.507-521
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• 2014

A phase variation has been reported in an entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila. Compared with a wild-type primary form, a secondary form usually loses several physiological and biochemical characters. This study showed that the phase variation of X. nematophila caused a significant alteration in its immunosuppressive activity and subsequent entomopathogenicity. A secondary form of X. nematophila was detected in laboratory colonies and exhibited significant differences in dye absorption and entomopathogenicity. In addition, the secondary form was different in its production of eicosanoid-biosynthesis inhibitors (EBIs) compared with the primary form of X. nematophila. Production of oxindole and p-hydroxypropionic acid was significantly reduced in the culture broth of the secondary form of X. nematophila. The reduced EBI production resulted in significant suppression in the inhibitory effects on cellular nodule formation and phenoloxidase activity. Culture broth of the primary form of X. nematophila enhanced the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt) significantly more than the culture broth of the secondary form. Furthermore, this study developed a highly efficient "Dual Bt-Plus: to control both lepidopteran insect pests Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera exigua, by mixing two effective Bt strains along with the addition of potent bacterial metabolites or 100-fold concentrated X. nematophila culture broth.