• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.633-637
• /
• 2010

In this study, lithium manganese oxide spinel ($LiMn_{1.9}Fe_{0.1}Nb_{0.0005}O_4$) as a cathode material of lithium ion secondary batteries is synthesized with spray drying, and in order to increase its crystallinity and electrochemical properties, the granulated $LiMn_{1.9}Fe_{0.1}Nb_{0.0005}O_4$ particle surface is coated with lithium titanium oxide spinel ($Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$) through a sol-gel method. The granulated particles present a higher tap density and lower specific surface area. The crystallinity and discharge capacity of the $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ coated material is relatively higher than uncoated material. With the coating layer, the discharge capacity and cycling stability are increased and the capacity fading is suppressed successfully.

• Macromolecular Research
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.617-623
• /
• 2006

In order to achieve an oriental lacquer (OL) film with a thick consistency, UV-curable silicone acrylate (SA) was added to OL by a dual curing process. The addition of 5 wt% UV-curable SA to the OL fomulation enabled the preparation via a single drying step of a $77{\mu}m-thick$ film exhibiting excellent surface properties. FTIR-ATR was used to investigate the effect of UV-curable SA on the behavior of film formation during curing, and the relaxation behavior of the produced films was investigated by dielectric spectroscopy. Dielectric properties were measured in the frequency range $10^{-2}-10^5\;Hz$ at various temperatures between -100 and $200^{\circ}C$. The results demonstrated that OL modified by UV-curable SA has a higher glass transition temperature and stronger secondary relaxation at a lower temperature than the conventional OL system. The OL film modified with UV-curable SA was presumed to be harder at the surface and tougher than conventional OL film.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.171-176
• /
• 1973

Metaphases were obtained from the bone marrow cells of B. kangii Yoon, by means of direct air-drying technique. The karylogical characteristics of this species were as follows; 1) The diploid chromosome number was 22(2n=22) which might be divided into six large and five small homololgous chromosmes. 2) All homologous chromosomes of this species were metacentrics. 3) The secondary constriction was not found in all members of chromosomes. 4) There was no evidence for the existence of a specific sex chromosome pair in this species.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.75-81
• /
• 2018

At present research on mining backfill materials is being carried out to prevent ground subsidence and breaking by underground cavern of exhausted mines. However, backfill materials can cause secondary environmental issues such as ground pollution. To solve these issues, liner and cover materials are constructed before backfill materials constructed, to inhibit toxic substances form moving to the surroundings. Liner and cover materials, however, should have an accelerating performance after construction and when the accelerating performance is degraded, the work efficiency can be lowered, and the construction cost can be increased, by many rebound content. Therefore, this study develops mining liner and cover materials, and evaluates their accelerating performance and physical properties of liner and cover materials by types and content of accelerating agent. In case of aluminate accelerating agent, it is mixed with more than 5% of liner and cover materials(binder/ratio); thus an accelerating performance satisfying Korean Industrial Standards(KS) occurs, and in case of alkali-free accelerating agent, when it is mixed with more than 7%(binder/ratio), accelerating performance satisfying KS occurs. The more the accelerating agent capacity increases, the more compressive strength decreases. In addition, it is confirmed that compressive strength of aluminate accelerating agent is more degraded than compressive strength of the alkali-free accelerating agent. It is also confirmed that drying shrinkage stability of the alkali-free accelerating agent is better than the drying shrinkage stability of the aluminate accelerating agent.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.32-41
• /
• 1979

To clarify the formation of secondary amines in Korean native soysauce, periodical changes during 90 days aging were investigated. The results were as follows; 1. The average content of secondary amines in Korean native meju was 20.86 ppm $(7.25{\sim}50.76{\;}ppm)$ as dimethylamine(DMA), higher than modified meju(artifcial lyinoculated Aspergillus oryzae). Especially, the high amount was detected in severely deteriorated meju. 2. Cooked soybean, wheat, barley and rice contained 1.28, 0.57, 0.34 and 0.35 ppm of secondary amines, respectively. The more amounts were detected in koji, the respective contents in soybean, wheat, barley and rice koji were 2.63, 1.09, 0.64 and 0.54 ppm. 3. The new formation of secondary amines was not recognized in normally fermented Korean native soysauce during 90 days aging. 4. Secondary amines were formed below 18% sodium chloride under dark condition during soysauce aging, but not formed at 14% under sun-light condition. 5. The modified soysauce, prepared with modified meju, did not contain the newly synthesized secondary amines at 14% sodium chloride under sun-light condition during 30 days aging. 6, Drying of meju and boiling of soysauce did not affect the evaporation of secondary amines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2015.08a
• /
• pp.230.1-230.1
• /
• 2015

One of the major problems of biological ToF-SIMS imaging is the lack of protein and peptide imaging. Most of biological story telling is mianly based on proteins. The biological implication of lipid ToF-SIMS imaging would be much higher if protein imaging is provided together. Utilizing high secondary ion yields of metals, proteins can be ToF-SIMS imaged with nanoparticle tagged proteins. Nanoparticles such as Fe3O4, SiO2, PbS were used for imaing NeuN, MCH, Orexin A, ${\alpha}$ synucline, TH(Tryosine Hydroxylase) in mouse tissues with a spatial resolution of ${\sim}2{\mu}m$ using a TOF-SIMS. Lipids and neurotransmitters images obtained simultaneously with protein images were overlayed for more deeper understanding of neurobiology, which is not allowed by any other bioimaging technqiues. The protein images from TOF-SIMS were compared with confocal fluorescence microscopy and NanoSIMS images. A new sample preparation method for imaging single cell membranes in a tissue using the vibrotome technique to prepare a tissue slice without any fixation and freeze drying will be also presented briefly for Hippocampus and Hypothalamus tissues.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.307-312
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to understand the Chinese noodles(mian tiao). Wheat seems to have been cultivated 3-4,000 years before according to the archaeological evidences from the neolithic sites. The five grains(rice, millet, beans, barley, barnyard millet) already appeared in the period prior to Chin dynasty and were used as whole grain, but it was not until Chun Chu Zhan Guo period that the introduction of the flouring method stimulated the cultivation of wheat. In Chin-Han period, when water power and animal force were put into usage to facilitate the mass production of wheat flour, 'Bing', a designation for all the food made of wheat first appeared in the literature, and it was this 'Bing' that had later developed into noodles. In Wei Chin Nan Bei Chao period, roasted 'Bing', namely 'Kao-Bing' made its first appearance, and in Tang period, various noodles were created with the increase of restaurants specialized in noodles. In Song dynasty, 'La-Mian', the noodles stretched and beat from noodle dough, was first introduced, and in Yuan period, invention of drying method made the appearance of dried noodles, 'Gua-Mian', possible, which was good for easy and long preservation. Qing dynasty developed the noodles with a variety of assorted ingredients. The Chinese noodles are classified by various standards such as main ingredients, cooking methods, kinds of sauce, secondary ingredients, shape, eating method, flavor, and look.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.78-85
• /
• 1979

In order to obtain the basic data for designing optimum flat plate solar air heaters, which can be operated with relatively low temperature for drying farm products, 8 different treatment of solar air heaters were devised and tested for their heating performances and efficiencies. The results were analised and summarized as follows. 1. The primary factors, structure of air path (C), black coating materials (A) and bottom coating methods (B) showed very high significant effect of far above 1% level. With respect to the mutual multiplying effect of secondary factors, 1% level of significance was found with coating materials and methods (AB), and 5% level of significance was found with coating materials and air path structure (AC). 2. The heating performance of the air heaters with winding air path showed about twice those with straight air path. 3. The Korean black ink which is less expensive than dim oil paint showed 3-4% better heating efficiencies as the black coating material of flat plate solar air heaters. 4. The heating efficiencies of the solar air heaters whose bottoms were not black coated were 2-3% higher than those with black coated bottoms. 5. The highest heating efficiency of solar air heater among 8 different treatment was found in the plot of Korean black ink-bottom not coated-winding air path showing 29.0-34.5%

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.55-60
• /
• 1996

Tripitaka Koreana were made during Coryo Dynasty from 1236 to 1251 A.D. Buddhist scriptures were engraved on 81.340 wooden plates. Some plates were varnished with Rhus lacquer, but most of them were uncoated. Macroscopically, most of the plates appeared intact due to the storage in a well-ventilated wooden house. Because, they were irregularly used for printings with ink, it can be assumed that they were repeatedly exposed to ink-water and drying processes. The present were made to examine the changes of wood cell structures occurred during long-term aging deterioration processes in these dry archaeological wooden plates. Light, scanning and transmission electron microscopes were employed for this study. Wedge-shaped cracks and delamilations were found from the lumen side toward the compound middle lamellae and they progressed toward primary or secondary walls. A large amount of hypae in vessels and the degradation of vessel-ray pit walls by the fungal hyphae were observed. When compared to the recent wood, the birefringence of wood fibers was considerably lower or completly disappeared, suggesting the degradation of crystalline cellulose in these wood samples. The degradation of the cell wall could be also revealed the calculation of crystallinity with X-ray diffraction and the size of crystalline region was estimated.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2019

This study is to derive the types of displacement and damage that occur in wooden architecture cultural assets. Although the wooden architectural cultural assets are being repaired through continuous maintenance, secondary problems frequently occur. This is because the root cause of the problem has yet to be solved. The types of displacement and damage that occur in the wooden architecture cultural asset are classified into three parts: the foundation section, the gagu section, and the roof section. In turn, the three main factors that lead to displacement and damages are the structures' load impact, the durability deterioration, and the imbalance. Load impact is a phenomenon in which the member is subjected to a load that causes deformation or cracks. Durability decline is a natural phenomenon that reduces the performance of lumber as a result of check shake, termite damage, and decay. The imbalance is a condition in which the lumber is twisted and the force balance is lost, due to either drying shrinkage or displacement of the gagu section.