• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.759-766
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine 10 Belizean teachers' conceptions about the causes of seasonal change. This research was conducted with an integrated method using a open ended written test and an interview which included a drawing. There are four categories, explained by the teachers, as the causes of seasonal changes. They are; climate, rotation of the earth on its axis, revolution of the earth around the sun, and the tilting of earth's axis as it revolves. Most teachers misunderstood that the first of three categories was responsible for seasonal change. Second, it is more effective to use the integrated method shown in this research than to use only a written test when seriously investigating the causes and understanding of seasonal change. Third, 8 out of 10 teachers could not correctly explain the causes of seasonal change. The reasons for seasonal change seemed to be hard for the informants to understand even though it was taught in elementary, middle, high school, and college elective classes.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제2권1_2호
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• pp.13-23
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• 1967

Seasonal changes in the primary production of surface water in Suyong Bay, Pusan, were measured using a light-dark bottle method. Gross photosynthesis followed a distinct seasonal change with highest levels in spring and fall. Respiration of plankton community showed its maximum only in the late summer and early fall. Net photosynthesis of plankton community is considerably variable throughout year, but followed a seasonal change similar to gross photosynthesis. Seasonal changes in temperature and salinity are related to the seasonal change in plankton metabolism.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2017

이 연구는 계절 변화에 대한 초등학생들과 벨리즈 초등교사의 선개념을 조사하고 계절 변화의 원인을 이해하는데 도움이 되는 실험을 고안한 것이다. 계절 변화에 대한 선개념을 알아보기 위해 계절변화를 학습하지 않은 초등학교 6학년 91명의 학생과 벨리즈 초등교사 10명을 대상으로 개방형 질문지와 인터뷰를 실시하였으며, 귀납적 분석법을 이용하여 범주화하였다. 초등학생과 벨리즈 초등교사는 계절 변화의 원인을 지구의 자전, 태양과 지구 사이의 거리, 지구의 공전, 환경오염이나 기후변화 등으로 생각하고 있었다. 그리고 이러한 오개념은 공간 인식에 대한 어려움, 교과서나 교재의 부정확함 등에 기인하는 것으로 나타났다. 계절 변화에 대한 부정확한 선개념을 바로 잡고 계절 변화 수업을 개선하기 위하여 지구 자전축의 기울기에 따른 태양의 남중 고도와 낮과 밤의 길이를 측정하고, 이를 비교하는 실험을 고안하였다. 이 실험은 태양의 남중 고도와 낮의 길이 변화와 같은 자연 현상을 모형을 통해 측정할 수 있도록 하여 계절변화의 원인을 이해하는데 도움을 줄 수 있다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제34권14호
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• pp.5621-5634
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• 2021

The life cycle of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) typically follows a seasonal march, with onset in spring, developing during summer, maturing in boreal winter, and decaying over the following spring. This feature is referred to as ENSO phase locking. Recent studies have noted that seasonal modulation of the ENSO growth rate is essential for this process. This study investigates the fundamental effect of a seasonally varying growth rate on ENSO phase locking using a modified seasonally dependent recharge oscillator model. There are two phase locking regimes associated with the strength of the seasonal modulation of growth rate: 1) a weak regime in which only a single peak occurs and 2) a strong regime in which two types of events occur either with a single peak or with a double peak. Notably, there is a seasonal gap in the strong regime, during which the ENSO peak cannot occur because of large-scale ocean-atmosphere coupled processes. We also retrieve a simple analytical solution of the seasonal variance of ENSO, revealing that the variance is governed by the time integral of seasonally varying growth rate. Based on this formulation, we propose a seasonal energy index (SEI) that explains the seasonal gap and provides an intuitive explanation for ENSO phase locking, potentially applicable to global climate model ENSO diagnostics.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2011

This research is about the six graders' preconceptions in elementary school about a cause of the seasonal change before learning. The result of this research is that the patterns of six graders's preconceptions in elementary school are earth's rotation, earth's revolution, the distance between the earth and the sun and the location factor between the sun and our country, which are mixed up with two more things. Especially many patterns of students explain the seasonal change of our country using the change of location of our country by earth's rotation, the location factor between the earth and the sun and the distance between the earth and the sun by earth's revolution.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.501-522
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• 2007

We propose an estimation procedure that can be used for detecting structural changes in the seasonal cointegrated vector autoregressive model. The asymptotic properties of the estimates and the test statistics for the parameter change are provided. A simulation example is presented to illustrate this method and its concept.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.147-164
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• 2015

본 연구는 동해안의 8개 해빈을 대상으로 2012년 3월부터 2014년 2월까지 2년 동안 지형 측량을 실시하여, 해안선과 해빈의 계절적 변화 특성과 경향을 파악하였다. 동해안의 해안선은 계절적 변화량이 연간 변화량보다 크게 나타났고, 강원도와 경상북도 해안의 계절적 변화 양상에는 지역적인 차이가 다소 존재하였다. 동해안 8개 해빈의 계절적 변화를 종합하면, 여름철에는 해안선의 후퇴와 해빈의 침식이, 가을철에는 해안선의 전진과 해빈의 퇴적이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 세계의 여러 중위도 해안의 계절적 변화 경향과는 다르지만, 우리나라 서해안 및 동해안의 선행 연구와는 대체로 일치한다. 여름철에 우세하게 발생하는 침식 현상은 태풍에 의한 폭풍파가 가장 큰 요인이며, 폭풍파에 의한 해안 침식은 늦겨울에도 잘 나타난다. 그리고 가을철에 우세한 해빈의 퇴적 현상은 여름철의 강한 침식 이후에 발생하는 해안 평형 작용의 결과로 판단된다.

• 대기
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2016

In this paper, I studied about historical seasonal subdivision system and a theory of traditional monthly order, which was used for so long from Koryo dynasty to the late of Choseon dynasty in Korean histoy. Especially, I took note of the fact that there used the table of solar terms and meteorological observation what we called the table of Kihoo-pyo in the historical Sunmyung-calendar and the Soosi-calendar during the Koryo dynasty. This table of Kihoo was developed for explaining meteorological change during a year at that time. Here are largely four elements related meteorological nature : the first is the list of 24 solar terms, and the second is 12 monthly seasonal terms and 12 monthly central terms, the third is about four right hexagon based I-ching, the fourth is 72 meteorological observations called 72-hoo. Among them, the 72-hoo system is important to know how premodern people observed natural materials including animals and plants, weather, climate about meteorological phenomena according to the seasonal change or solar terms' change during a year. I argued in this article to need developing modern new table of Kihoo system like that, in order to show common people to recognize annual meteorological change more easy and clear. I also argued to need a distinct definition of meteorological seasons from a view point of modern meteorology.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2007

The sound wave in the sea propagates under the effect of water depth, sound speed structure, sea surface roughness, bottom roughness, and acoustic properties of bottom sediment. In shallow water, the bottom sediments are distributed very variously with place and the sound speed structure varying with time and space. In order to investigate the seasonal propagation characteristics of low-frequency sound wave in the Yellow Sea, propagation experiments were conducted along a track in the middle part of the Yellow Sea in spring, summer, and autumn. In this paper we consider seasonal variations of the sound speed profile and propagation loss based on the measurement results. Also we quantitatively investigate variation of bottom loss by dividing the propagation loss into three components: spreading loss, absorption loss, and bottom loss. As a result, the propagation losses measured in summer were larger than the losses in spring and autumn, and the propagation losses measured in autumn were smaller than the losses in spring. The spreading loss and the absorption loss did not show seasonal variations, but the bottom loss showed seasonal variations. So it was thought that the seasonal variation of the propagation loss was due to the seasonal change of the bottom loss and the seasonal variation of the bottom loss was due to the change of the sound speed profile by season.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.461-467
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• 2006

The seasonal change in attached algae and microbial community structure at sedimentation basin of water treatment plant was investigated by using quinone profiles and denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis (DGGE). The photosynthetic bacteria and algae contains PQ-9 and VK-1 as major quinone are major component of the total quinone fraction in attached algae and microorganisms on sedimentation basin trough. The microorganisms containing menaquinones appear to be sensitivity to the change in temperature than those containing ubiquinones. The plot of the mole fraction of dominant quinone species ($f_d$) to the DQ values showed higher sensitivity to the seasonal change in the microbial community structure. The results indicated that quinone and DGGE are useful tool for the evaluation of the changes in the microbial community structure.