• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.259-264
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• 2021

Recently, as the number of used trading sites supporting used trading increases, users want to search for a variety of information in real time. This new change has enabled a new type of C2C (Commerce to Commerce) transaction in the e-commerce base. However, since each used trading site has its own characteristics, it is difficult to standardize the whole. Therefore, in this paper, we studied a system that provides the transaction data used by the user in real time and provides the desired information quickly. In this paper, we researched the crawler system necessary for the development of the integrated trading system for used goods through Internet e-commerce, and made it possible to provide information in the web environment desired by the user through the defined morpheme analyzer. Therefore, in this study, we designed a system that provides information desired by users without accessing various used goods sites.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.157-176
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• 2016

This study is to investigate Trademark Prior Use Defence of prior use party under Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China. Chinese Trademark Law was amended for the third time and this Law shall enter into force on 1 May 2014. This third amendment introduced Prior Use Defence Right of Trademark for the first time. Article 59(3) gives the right to the prior use party for the continuous use of such trademark under the condition that first, an identical or similar trademark has been used in connection with the same goods or similar goods by others before the registrant's application, second, such trademark should have a certain influence in certain market, and third, such aforesaid trademark should be used within the original scope continuously. Then the exclusive right holder of said registered trademark shall have no right to prohibit others from continuous use of such trademark. Korean companies should be aware that it is almost impossible to search prior use trademark before a dispute arises, since the prior use trademark has never been registered. The best way to control the prior use trademark is to superintend aforesaid trademark for the use within the original scope.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.960-966
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• 2022

Mobility is an essential human need. Human survival and societal interaction depend on the ability to move people and goods. Efficient mobility systems are essential facilitators of economic development. Cities could not exist and global trade could not occur without systems to transport people and goods cheaply and efficiently. Rail has been considered as one of the important components of the transportation infrastructure required to service and improve the performance and productivity of an economy. In Nigeria, the rail infrastructure built by the colonial master several decades ago has been left in a state of total deterioration. This long neglect was occasioned by the failure of the government to pay adequate attention to infrastructure development. There is a vital and urgent need for rail infrastructure development in Nigeria. This study presents a systematic review of the evolution of rail, the current nature of railway infrastructure delivery in Nigeria, and offers possible suggestions on how to achieve an effective and sustainable rail infrastructure delivery in Nigeria. A thorough literature search of academic databases was conducted on current research trends on the subject of railway infrastructure by systematically reviewing selected published articles from reputable research domains. The analysis of the selected articles revealed the following among others (1) the existing railway infrastructure is in a state of mess and not sustainable, and (2), Government's investment/commitment in rail infrastructure seems inadequate compared to what is obtainable in other developed countries. Rail infrastructure development cannot be left to the Federal government of Nigeria to solve on its own; collaboration and participation are required. Government as a matter of priority should devote considerable attention to the development of rail infrastructure to harness the economic potential and transformation that sustainable rail infrastructural projects will provide.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.169-189
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• 2006

The product categories that can be sold on-line are expanding. It is interesting to see which product categories have more sales possibilities on internet. Small-sized firms' products have low distribution coverage, low brand recognition, bigger dispersion in the perception on the values which consist of quality vs. price, and higher possibilities of perceived purchase risks. Since on-line shopping is supposed to provide opportunities to small-sized firms that have low distribution and brand power, it is quite necessary to evaluate the fitness of on-line sales for small-sized firms' product categories. There are virtually no research studies on the on-line sales for small-sized firms' product categories. In this study, based on the integration of SEC, FCB, and related concepts, we develop new theoretical framework and test the fitness of on-line sales for small-sized firms' product categories by conducting empirical analysis. The empirical results on 17 product categories show that SEC, FCB, purchase risks, brand factors are somewhat related. Unlike previous studies, since the fitness of SEC and on-line sales are not clearly shown, we need to consider those problems within inter-related multiple frameworks. That is, it is necessary to evaluate the fitness of on-line sales after defining the product categories within the integrated multiple frameworks rather than within the single framework.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2003

In the past era, acquisition and utilization of useful information was the main origin of competition. Nowadays, unlike that era, is the era of knowledge information(management) in which we should create a new knowledge on the basis of information and apply it to the field of practice. And more acquisition of information is no more the competitive power of any person, any company and any nation because in such the era of knowledge management, anyone can access and get the information he needs, utilizing internet-based searching system. Such demands of the times of knowledge management change rapidly in each field through knowledge management system and researches about knowledge management are actively processed in various academic branches. However, in our field of design, researches about those demands(knowledge management) still remain on the level of one-dimensional searching service for general data about design. Therefore, in this study, we developed building database of researches on form, color, aesthetical elements, preference image word, satisfaction etc. about CI/BI of home electronics goods, living goods, apparels, and food goods companies, also suggesting searching system through which you can obtain useful data and information helpful for designers to process CI/BI works of new product by using that database. Especially, in case of developing specific CI/BI, various search results through help of suggested system will supply a useful design concept. And more, cross table which is the result of analysis two-dimensional categorical data about existing design factors(such as form, color, aesthetical elements, preference image word, and satisfaction) will make contribution for designers to create a new design knowledge.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.79-100
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• 2015

This study is to examine the factors that influence purchasing behavior and decision-making when consumers buy goods through mobile shopping, define purchasing decision-making with the steps of problem recognition, information search, alternative assessment, and purchasing behavior to understand mobile consumer behavior, and investigate how the factors of each step play roles and influence consumers' purchasing decision-making through positive analysis to figure out consumer purchasing behavior in mobile shopping. The study results, First, the user characteristics of information search influence flow. Second, in the relations between the user characteristics in the step of information search and perceived risk in alternative assessment, if recognition on gains is higher, perceived risk for time loss gets lower, and when the level of skills is higher, perceived risk gets higher, and it has been partly adopted that innovativeness does not influence risk perception. Third, in the relations between flow experience and purchasing intention, it has been found to be partially significant that remote presence and challenge do not influence purchasing intention but do influence excitement, attention concentration, and control and also do influence perceived risk and purchasing intention. Fourth, according to the results of analyzing the difference of consumer purchasing behavior by the types of involvement, practical involvement and sensual involvement, user characteristics and flow, and perceived risk differ by the types of products in terms of the search process, thereby changing purchasing intention. Lastly, the significance and limitations of this study was discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 2006

As fashion is a reflection of a way of life, jean fashion seems to be a reflection of the background and process of social-human psychology. Modern jeans reflect personality and trend rather than traditional practicality as indicated by the concept and emphasis of fashion. Since the early 1990s, practical use of jeans has appeared consistently in products for interior use, various kinds of fashion-ware and fashion properties, as well as in fashion that is a conversion and interpretation of an outstanding fashion trend. And the search, providing that various symbols of jeans are sensualism, deviation, ostentation, amusement and multi-culture, shows that jeans represent the multifarious aspects of fashion culture. For the purpose and necessity of this search to meet different consumers' desires by the practical use of jeans and the development of fashion-ware. First, investigate the trend of jeans in 2005. Second, try to change the various uses of jeans by reflecting the trend of jeans. Finally, extend the range of choice by developing various goods. As a result, basic jeans have the strength of function, activity, and originality. Use of ornamental jeans can fully show their value as well as their emphasis of individuality in beauty. If we consider these points, we can minimize the limitations of jeans and make a practical use of the fashion trend, If we make the function of jeans stand out through the use of varieties of materials, the modem characteristic consumption will be met by the various change of use as well as by the clothes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.374-377
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• 2015

O2O(Online-to-offline) service is the new commerce system form that mixed information search and payment of products and services from online and receipt of goods from offline. O2O commerce combine advantage of existing electronic commerce and redeem the critical point of each commerce circulation method, but earnings model is still lacking compared to development speed of O2O technology. Therefore this study drew common factor applied to O2O service to search success factor of O2O commerce on the point of view as a customer Centered by existing B2C electronic commerce, Mobile commerce, and service quality model of offline commerce included O2O commerce method. Further we suggest O2O success factor model combined new O2O success factor additionally reflecting qualitative research result based on drew O2O success service Quality factor.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.142-150
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• 2005

This study is arranged the principles of the preservation and restoration in pre-modern architecture, presented guideline of the Intoner restoration in there, and attempted relative-analysis by cases of Japan in curtain of Saporo Houheikan. The method of Original- restorations and Repairs must be preserved In materials and technologies in order to hand over the future generations. The process and method of restorations are the important Cultural Properties as Architecture's itself. And Restorations of industrial manufactures hold the the important position in restoration of pre-modern Architectures. Because industrial technologies are developed and forgotten in rapid. Specially, because industrial materials as curtains were apt to recognize as consumption goods, historicity in that are contained the history of fabric, industrial technologies, and relations of traditional technologies. Conclusionaly, restorations of interior materials in our country are required of \circled1the construction of workframe in search and restoration for original preservation, \circled2the conception of refaires and establishment of investigation, \circled3the stocking of restoration-technologies of pre-modern cultural properties of architectures, \circled4the recognitions of record-preservation, \circled5the improvement of organization, upbring of technicians, establishment of theorical systems.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.123-130
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• 2004

Aconiti Root(AR), has been used for about 2000 years, since recorded for low grade in 'Shinnongbonchokyung(Divine Husbandman's Herbal Foundation canon)'. It also recorded for Poisonous Drug in 'Myunguibyullok', 'Yaksungron', etc, and they advised when the AR is using for clinical desease it has to be processed. There are more than 13 processing methods, in records that related 39 parts which is recorded in ancient documents. In China, there are no standard of herb that using for clinical, cause of the traditional processing methods was cut since 1960s. In these days, they are using AR that recorded in Aconiti Tuber part of the processing records, in Guangdong and Shantung. In addition, the modification of Processed Aconiti Root(PAR) is also used for goods in Hongkong, Macao, and Southeast Asia. We studied the PAR for enhancing the importance of it, and multiply using. In this study, we search for the history of processing of AR, traditional theories of processing and clinical adaptation.