• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.53-61
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a car sealing monitoring system combined with ICT Technology. The automobile sealer is an adhesive used to bond inner and outer panels of doors, hoods and trunks of an automobile body. The proposed car sealer monitoring system is a system that can accurately and automatically inspect the condition of the automobile sealer coating process in the general often factory production line where the lighting change is very severe. The sealer inspection module checks the state of the applied sealer using an area scan camera. The vision inspection algorithm is adaptive to various lighting environments to determine whether the sealer is defective or not. The captured images and test results are configured to send the task results to the task manager in real-time as a smartphone app. Vision inspection algorithms in the plant outdoors are very vulnerable to time-varying external light sources and by configuring a monitoring system based on smart mobile equipment, it is possible to perform production monitoring regardless of time and place. The applicability of this method was verified by applying it to an actual automotive sealer application process.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.62-84
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of four root canal sealers(Tubliseal, AH26, Apatite Root Canal Sealer I, Apatite Root Canal Sealer II) in Vitro. The root canal sealers were mixed and filled in molds which were $14{\times}1.25mm$ in diameter, in height to use for cell counting and agar overlary method, and $7{\times}1.25mm$ for millipore filter method and set for 7 days to use for experiment. Silicone and copper plate were used for negative and positive control respectively. Using the culture of L929 fibroblast, total cell number and vital cell number were counted and the ratio of vital cell number to total cell number was calculated on 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th experimental day, and the change of cell membrane permeability was tested by agar overlay method, and the succinate dehydrogenase activity was tested by millipore filter method. The obtained results were as follows. 1. In ail experimental groups, the mitotic activity of fibroblast was reduced when compared with that of negative control group, so ail experimental groups showed cytotoxicity. Apatite Root Canal Sealer I group exhibited mild cytotoxicity, and Tubliseal, AH26, Apatite Root Cenal Sealer II groups exhibited severe cytotoxicity. 2. In the test of the change of cell membrane permeability by agar overlay method, all experimental groups showed cytotoxicity. AH26 group exhibited mild cytotoxicity, and Apatite Root Canal Sealer I group exhibited moderate cytotoxicity, and Tubliseal and Apatite Root Canal Sealer II group exhibited severe cytotoxicity. 3. In the test of SDH activity by millipore filter method, there was no cytotoxicity in Apatite Root Canal Sealer I and Apatite Root Canal Sealer II group, but Tubliseal and AH26 group showed mild cytotoxicity.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.366-375
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to investigate the surface contact and screw joint stability between screw and implant interface by use of sealer. The implants evaluated in this study were Steri-Oss futures(Hexlock $3.8D{\times}10mm$: Steri-Oss, Yorba Linda, CA), and Steri-Oss staight abutment. Titanium alloy screws were used to secure abutments to implants. The other titanium alloy screws applicating sealer(Impla-Seal, Implant Support Systems, Inc. Irvine, CA) were used to secure abutments to implants. In one another sample, 6kg of force was applied during simulated intraoral movements after abutment screws were secured to the implants with sealer. All samples were cross sectioned with sandpaper and polished with $0.1{\mu}m\;Al_2O_3$. Then samples were recorded with an scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows : 1. In the case of titanium alloy screw, irregular contacts and relatively large gap were present at thread mating surface. Also abutment screw/implant interface demonstrate incomplete seating and only one surface contact of threads between implant and screw. 2. In the case of titanium alloy screw applecating sealer, sealer was present between implant and screw. Therefore implant and screw had relatively close and tight contact without the presence of large gap. 3. On the other hand, in the case of titanium alloy screw applicating sealer and dynamic loading of suprastructures, sealer was partially present between implant and screw. Conclusively, sealer fills voids, creating a barrier to moisture and bacteria. In addition, loading of suprastructures may change the situation and limit the indications for gap sealing.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.243-250
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• 2021

Background: Endodontic sealers or their toxic components may become inflamed and lead to delayed wound healing when in direct contact with periapical tissues over an extended period. Moreover, an overfilled sealer can directly interact with adjacent tissues and may cause immediate necrosis or further resorption. Therefore, the treatment outcome conceivably depends on the endodontic sealer's biocompatibility and osteogenic potential. This study aimed to evaluate the cell viability and osteogenic effects of four different sealers in osteoblastic cells. Methods: AH Plus (resin-based sealer), Pulp Canal Sealer EWT (zinc oxide-eugenol sealer), BioRoot RCS (calcium silicate-based sealer), and Well-Root ST (MTA-based calcium silicate sealer) were mixed strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions, and dilutions of sealer extracts (1/2, 1/5 and 1/10) were determined. Cell viability was measured using the water-soluble tetrazolium-8 (WST-8) assay. Differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodule formation by Alizarin Red S staining. Results: The cell viability of the extracts derived from the sealers excluding Well-Root ST was concentration dependent, with sealer extracts having the least viability at a 1/2 dilution. At sealer extract dilution of 1/10, the test groups showed the same survival rate as that control group, with the exception of BioRoot RCS. Among all experimental groups, BioRoot RCS showed the highest cell viability after 48 hours. The ALP activity was significantly higher in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthemore, all four materials promoted ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation compared to the control at 1/10 dilutions. Conclusion: This is the first study to highlight the differences in biological activity of these four materials. These results suggest that the composition of root canal sealers appears to alter the form of biocompatibility and osteoblastic differentiation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apical seal produced by low temperature($70^{\circ}C$) injection gutta percha technique(ULTRAFIL) with & without sealer, warm latero-vertical cindensation technique (ENDOTEC) with & without sealer, and the lateral condensation technique with sealer. 100 extracted, single rooted human teeth were divided into 5 groups and root canals were enlarged & obturated according to the purpose of this study. Obturated teeth were immersed in 2.5% methylene blue for 48hrs. at $37^{\circ}C$ incubator and split. The apical sealing ability was evaluated by measuring the degree of dye penetration into the canal. The results were as follows: 1. All group showed varying depth of dye penetration. 2. There were no significant difference among Group I (lateral condensation), Group II (ULTRAFIL with sealer) & Group IV (ENDOTEC with sealer) (P>0.05). 3. There were less dye penetration when used in conjunction with sealer (P<0.001).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.142-151
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to compare and estimate the physical properties of five root canal sealers classified Calciobiotic root canals sealer as calcium hydroxide based sealer, Apatite root sealer type II as calcium phosphate based sealer, AH-26 as resin based sealer, Canals and Pulpdent root canals sealer as zinc oxide eugenol based sealer. The author investigated dimensional change and flow rate of canal sealers, diametral tensile strength and shear bond strength of sealers to dentin to evaluate the physical properties on affect of complete obturation of root canal and performed the total 100 specimens of each 25 sealers under the condition of root temperature according to manufacturer's instructions. All specimens were stored at $37{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ in 100 % relative humidity. A microscope for measurement of micro distance is used for the dimensional change test and evacuation methods using vaccum were used for the flow rate test. The result differed by the storage time measured on the tests of diametral tensile strength and shear bond strength to dentin. The following results were obtained ; 1 On the test of dimensional change, Canals and Pulpdent expanded slightly, AH-26 and Apatite showed the severe shrinkage after 48 hours. 2. AH-26 and Apatite were the excellent with each 24.59mm, 31.19mm after 3 minutes in the aspect of flow property. 3. On the diametral tensile strength, Calciobiotic root canals sealer showed the highest strength with 27.13kg/$cm^2$ after 48 hours, Apatite root sealer type II showed highest strength with 84.57kg/$cm^2$ after 120 hours. 4. On the shear bond strength to dentin, AH-26 was most excellent with 55.73kgf/$cm^2$ after 24 hours and with 134.71kgf/$cm^2$ after 120 hours.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.204-209
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• 2013

Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the cytotoxicity of four different root canal sealers i.e. Apexit Plus (Ivoclar Vivadent), Endomethasone N (Septodont), AH-26 (Dentsply) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (Pulpdent), on a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929). Materials and Methods: Thirty two discs for each sealer (5 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height) were fabricated in Teflon mould. The sealer extraction was made in cell culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium, DMEM) using the ratio 1.25 $cm^2/mL$ between the surface of the sealer samples and the volume of medium in a shaker incubator. Extraction of each sealer was obtained at 24 hr, 7th day, 14th day, and one month of interval. These extracts were incubated with L929 cell line and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was done. Two-way ANOVA for interaction effects between sealer and time and Post-hoc multiple comparison using Tukey's test across all the 16 different groups were used for statistical analysis. Results: Apexit Plus root canal sealer was significantly less toxic than other sealers (p < 0.05) and showed higher cellular growth than control. Endomethasone N showed mild cytotoxicity. AH-26 showed severe toxicity which became mild after one month while Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer showed severe to moderate toxicity. Conclusions: Apexit Plus was relatively biocompatible sealer as compared to other three sealers which were cytotoxic at their initial stages, however, they became biocompatible with time.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.34.1-34.7
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• 2020

Objectives: This study evaluated by using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) the filling ability and sealer apical extrusion promoted by a new Sealer Injection System (SIS; Angelus) with side openings needle, in comparison with the conventional injection system, associated with a new ready-to-use calcium silicate-based sealer (Bio-C Sealer). Materials and Methods: Acrylic resin models containing a main curved artificial canal and 3 simulated lateral canals in apical, middle and cervical thirds were used. The main root canals were prepared using a rotary system up to size 35.05. The canals were filled with Bio-C sealer by using a single cone technique and the conventional delivery system or SIS. Samples were scanned in micro-CT. The percentage of voids throughout the entire extension of the main root canal and in each third of the lateral canals, besides the apical extrusion of the sealer was calculated. Data were submitted to t-test (p < 0.05). Results: There was no difference between both systems in the main root canals filling. Although the volume percentage of voids was similar in the apical and middle thirds of lateral canals, SIS had the greatest filling ability of the cervical third lateral canal. Moreover, the conventional system showed the highest apical extrusion of the sealer. Conclusions: The conventional and SIS obturation systems had an appropriate filling ability of the main root canal. SIS had the best filling of the cervical third of the lateral canals, besides lower sealer apical extrusion, suggesting its clinical indication.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.561-574
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to observe the difference in the root canal wall after hand instrumentation or engine-driven Ni-Ti instrumentation under the scanning electron microscope, and to evaluate the apical leakage provided by continuous wave of canal filling technique with or without root canal sealer and smear layer. Twenty recently extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were instrumented with K-type files or engine-driven Ni-Ti files, Quantec series 2000$^{TM}$ and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl alone or 15% EDT A and final flush of 5.25% NaOCl. After the instrumentation and flushing, teeth were split in half with a knife and a mallet. They were then examined with a scanning electron microscope Forty-four recently extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were divided into four groups with and without smear layer and then warm vertical canal filling using System-B with or without sealer. The extent of leakage was scored after immersion in India ink for 1 week. The results were as follows: 1. No significant difference of smear layer was observed between K-type file-instrumented group and engine-driven Ni-Ti file-instrumented group. 2. A group without smear layer showed significantly less apical leakage than a group with smear layer when sealer was used for the canal filling (p<0.01). 3. There was no significant difference between a group without sealer and smear layer and a group without sealer and with smear layer (p<0.01). 4. In groups without smear layer, a group with sealer showed significantly less apical leakage than a group without sealer (p<0.01). 5. When root canals were irrigated with NaOCl alone, a group with sealer showed significantly less apical leakage than a group without sealer (p<0.01).

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.257-260
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• 2004

The durability and water - resisting capability of nuclear concrete structures can be greatly improved as the density of concrete surface increases. Applying the surface penetration sealer to the concrete surface can increase the surface density. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the most suitable surface penetration sealer based on lab test. The considered parameters rate and water resistance and absorbance rate of the concrete specimen after the penetration sealer are applied. The experimental study resulted in the identification of the two most suitable surface penetration sealer based on their performance.