• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.2636-2641
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• 2010

To support anti-collision between ship to ship and sea-search and sea-rescue work, ship automatic identification system(AIS) that can both send and receive messages between ship and VTS Traffic control have been adopted. And port control system can control traffic vessel service which is co-operated with AIS. For more efficient traffic vessel service, ship recognition and display system is required to cooperated with AIS. In this paper, we propose ship detection system which is co-operated with AIS by using background estimation based on image processing for on the sea or harbor image extracted from camera. We experiment with on the sea or harbor image extracted from real-time input image from camera. By computer simulation and real world test, the proposed system show more effective to ship monitoring.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1993

The Maritime Traffic Safety Law of P. R. China has not the legal nature of navigation rule which regulates the vessel traffic directly but has the legal nature of management to ensure the safety and good order of the whale marine traffic. For that reason, the legal status of this Law is a general basic norm for the marine safety regulations rather than a definite enforcement regulation. This Law does not have any clear statements on adaptation of the steering and sailing rules of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, but it can be presumed the Convention would be applied on the viewpoint of the international practice. The subject matter of this Law is easily understandable, because the IMO and shipping countries have already made similar legislation. Since the maritime traffic condition of the P. R. China also has a direct effect upon the Korean coastal waters, it is essential to observe closely the process of enforcement and development of the P. R. China's Maritime Traffic Safety Law.

• Proceedings of the Korea Port Economic Association Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.255-270
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• 2007

In North-East Asia, Port traffic in Asia-North America sea route has been rapidly increasing due to economic growth in China and ASEAN. Furthermore, the major shipping companies directly call at northern chinese ports like Qingdao, Dalian and Tianjin without passing through Korean ports on Asia-North America sea route. To acquire a port traffic and develop a hub port, governments in North-East Asia have intensively invested in the development of port. Therefore, Busan new port and Gwangyang port have been developed in Korea. According to the medium-long term development planning, the port should give a enormous budget investment for the port facilities construction. So the inaccurate estimation may lead to the unreasonable port development policy. Firstly, based on the estimation of Chiang Bong-Gyu & Yang Hang Jin(2005), this study gave a comparison with the estimation of Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries(2001) and OSC/Glori(2005). Secondly, taking into account the influence factors for port traffic, this study made an estimation of port traffic for Busan new port. On the basis of this estimation, this study is compared with the estimation of Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries(2001) and OSC/Glori(2005). In conclusion, in case of the development of Busan new port, based on the estimation of Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries(2001), this study should the high possibility that the Busan new port will be serious lack of the port facilities in the year of 2011. And according to the OSC/Glori(2005)'s estimation result, there is a lack of the port facilities, though we have modified the port investment plan.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.31-55
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• 1986

Generally, the development of shipping is characterized by the amount of traffic flow (traffic volume) and seaborne cargo in the sea. Movement of ships is an essential element of constructing the traffic flow which is represented the dynamic movement of ships in the sea, but on the other band the numbers of arriving and departing the port is the basic factor consisting of the static movement of ships. The amount of cargoes by coastal vessels and ocean trade vessels have increased tremendously with the great growth of the Korean economy these days. This increase of the seaborne cargoes has made the Korean coastal traffic flow so congested that this can be a cause of large pollution as well as great marine casualities such as a loss of human lives and properties . And also the future coastal traffic is expected to increase considerably according to our economic development and high dependence upon foreign trade. Under the circumstance, to devise the safety of coastal traffic flow and to take a proper step of a efficient navigation, there is a necessity for analyzing and surveying the coastal traffic trend and the characteristics of cargo movement. In order to grasp the dynamic movement of ships in the Korean coast, O/D analysis is executed. This paper aims to secure the basic data necessary for a comprehensive plan and estimation of vessel traffic management system for the enhancement of safety, order and efficiency of vessel traffic in the Korean coast. The analyzed results of the traffic flow and seaborne cargoes of the Korean coast are summarized as follows : 1) The congestion by the vessels occurred around the ports such as-in proportion of ship's number (proportion of tonnage) -Incheon 18.5%(14.8%), Pohang 5.9% (9.9%), Samil 5.2%(8.3%), Mokpo 8.6%(0.8%), Pusan 13.5%(36.4%), Ulsan 9.1%(16.2%). 2) It is found that the area adjacent to Incheon, Pusan, Ulsan, Channel of Hanryu and South-western area are heavily congested. 3) It is confirmed thatthe area adjacent to Incheon, Pusan, Ulsan, Channel of Hanryu and South-western area are heavily congested. 3) It is confirmed that the coastal vessels are main elements constituting the coastal traffic and that there are much traffic flow among five ports as following through the precise O/D analysis of ship's coastal movement. Incheon-Samil, Ulsan, Pusan, Jeju Pusan -Samil, Ulsan, Incheon, Jeju Pohang -Samil, Inchoen, Jeju Pohang -Samil, Incheon, Jeju Ulsan -Samil, Incheon, Jeju Samil -Ulsan, Pusan, Incheon 4) The amount of cargoes to abroad are in proportion about 81% of total and the amount of coastal cargoes are about 19%. Of those, cargoes in and out to Japan are about 26% and to South-east Asia are about 27%. 5) The chief items of foreign cargoes are oil(38.33%), iron ore(13.98%), bituminoous coal(12.74%), grain(8.02%), lumber(6.45%) in the import cargoes and steel material(21.96%), cement(17.16%), oil(6.81%), fertilizer(3.80%) in the export cargoes. 6) The 80.5% of total export cargoes and 92.4% of total import cargoes are flowed in five main ports. 7) The chief items of coastal cargoes are oil (42.45%), cement(16.86%), steel material (6.49%), anthracite(6.31%), mineral product(4.3%), grain, and fertilizer. Almost 92.24% of total import and export oil cargoes in Korea is loaded and unloaded at the port of Samil & Ulsan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.439-446
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• 2017

The Maritime Safety Act established restrictions for the passage of oil tankers, prohibiting vessesl carrying more than 1,500 kiloliters of oil or 1,500 tons of a hazardous liquid substance. Prohibited vessels that do not satisfy the restrictions are allowed to enter and depart from a nearby port from the outer sea area to minimize the time and distance the oil tanker must navigate in the prohibited area. Therefore, such regulation should not be construed as referring to inshore traffic. In this study, the traffic volume of coastal tankers that do not use the approaching channels for specific sea areas near Yeosu and Gwangyang Port was analyzed, and the cargo loads of these ships were investigated. The results of this study should be used to allow tankers to minimize the time and distance of navigation in prohibited areas. According to the survey, 16 vessels, 51.6 % of the 31 vessels using inshore traffic included in the study, were loaded with more than 1,500 tons of cargo. This is not appropriate according to the legislation for oil tanker passage. Therefore, in this study, sea routes have been proposed that connect with the approaching channels of specific sea areas, from the outer sea areas of restricted passages. Regulations have also been proposed for the entry and departure of oil tankers around Yeosu and Gwangyang Port.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.127-132
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• 2008

The safety degree of navigation for collision avoidance is closely related with the combination between mariner's behavior and navigational environment. The condition of navigational environment is mainly decided by navigable waters, ship traffic, rule of road, sea state, weather and so on. Especially, the condition of navigable waters and ship traffic in navigational environment are ones of the important factors to attain safe navigation when mariners are underway and crossing, head on or overtaking situation. Thus this paper is to analyze the characteristics of mariner's behavior for collision avoidance caused by ship traffic and navigable waters by analyzing the contents of questionnaire and the results of international collaborative research. As a result, it can be concluded that the density of ship traffic and the area of navigable waters affect mariner's ship handling for collision avoidance.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.295-307
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• 2007

The statistics of Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal and Japan Marine Accidents Inquiry Agency shows that the major muses of collision at sea are Improper lookout and Non-compliance with marine traffic rules. Those two muses are occupying more than 70% of collision, and it's clear that those muses are undoubtedly closely related to simple human error. In this paper we tried to find out the root muses of this kind of human error of OOWs(officers on watch) through risk identification method and studied how to tackle them via risk control theory. In conclusion, the measures studied in this paper could be applied to help OOWs avoid their own human error as well as be used in shipping company for their fleets' safety management.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2000

En coastal area, many submarine facilities such as pipes and cables are installed on/under the sea bed. Also, there are heavy traffic due to numerous vessels which call in ports or navigate passages in adjacent water. Therefore, the frequency of dropping anchors will be increased to avoid various dangerous situations. When an anchor is dropped from vessel on the sea bed, the anchor strikes on the sea bed, and then, the anchor penetrates to certain depth into the sea bed. In this case, sometimes submarine facilities on/under the sea bed may be damaged by the strike or the maximum penetrating depth of anchor. In this paper, some approximate equations on the strike and the penetrating depth of anchors have been derived on the basis of actual data, and the results are expected to use as basic design data of related facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.53-71
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• 1993

The amount and quantity of sea casualities are increased by both an increasing sea-borne cargoes and heavy sea traffic. This paper analyzed the situation of Korean salvage company in order to activate on civilbasis, compared with the nature of common enterprises, and reported the object, the necessity, and the cha-racter of salvage company. For the purpose of this study, three parts are considered in order to analyze the environment of salvage company(the trend of sea casualties, sea-borne cargoes-passengers, ship tonnage/age) the effective planning to activate Korean salvage company are abstracted as follows : 1.the political assistance of concerned government authority. 2.the cooperation system of concerned business field. 3.the self-developing management of salvage company.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.287-297
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• 2019

The recent increase in crude oil trading has led to an increase in the workings of SPM for crude oil carriers. VLCCs generally encounter difficulty entering port due to limitations in terms of sea depth and maneuverability. The SPM is a system that allows mooring to the buoy located in the outer sea for such vessels. However, the buoy is more affected by relatively external forces because of their of shore location. Therefore, the safety assessment of SPM is particularly important as it can lead to large oil pollution disasters in the event of SPM accidents. Despite this, in the implementation of the Marine Traffic Safety Audit Scheme in Korea, there exists no guidance for SPM. In this study, a SPM mooring safety assessment is performed using OPTIMOOR, a numerical analysis program, so as to understand the mooring characteristics of SPM. As a result, it is confirmed that the tension of mooring lines and hull movement in the SPM are greatly affected by the encounter angles with external forces. In addition, it is found that the maximum tension of the mooring line is elevated as the water depth becomes shallower through sensitivity analysis. According to SPM characteristics, which has a large influence on the encounter angle, this study has proposed an amendment to setting criteria in the implementation of the Maritime Traffic Safety Audit Scheme which could improve the reliability and accuracy of mooring safety assessments.