• Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.36-48
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• 2006

The train ferry, accommodating trains roll on and off, is often called as 'Railway on the Sea' or 'Blue High-way' since she can connect the railways or roads segregated by the sea and improve the accessibility and continuity of land transport systems. The ferry is especially appropriate to the intermodal transport routes mostly passing through the land but have relatively short sea segment. As the train ferry can considerably reduce the cost and time for cargo handling and modal shift and unnecessitates excessive initial investment on infrastructures such as large harbor cranes or vast container yards, introduction of train Ro-Ro ferries lessen the total transport cost for door-to-door transportation with full exploitation of the existing railway system. All the ports placed in Shandong, Liaoning and Jiangsu provinces of China are connected to the hinterlands via well developed railway and road systems. Therefore, realization of the Incheon-Yantai train ferry system will link Korea railways to TCR and the 4,131-kilometer-long Longhai-Lanxin Railway, along the famous Eurasian Continental Bridge. In the present paper, the Incheon-Yantai train ferry will be introduced as a good example of an efficient multimodal short sea shipping system for Northeast Asia.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.112-129
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• 2018

Produced by Chinese local television stations, Maritime Silk Road is a documentary which adopts ancient Maritime Silk Road as a historical nostalgia to interpret "the Belt and Road Initiative", a contemporary Chinese economic, political, and cultural strategy put forward by Chinese government mainly aiming at the countries of Southeast Asia. The main body of this article has three parts and the first part analyses how the documentary adopts computer-generated imagery (CGI) to create a historical nostalgia about ancient Maritime Silk Road in the period of Imperial China. At the same time, this part also presents a sense of diasporic nostalgia of the overseas Chinese. This historical and diasporic nostalgia is related to Chinese President Xi Jinping's political discourse: "Chinese dream" that propagandises to build a strong China put forward by Xi in 2013. The second part analyses how this historical and diasporic nostalgia legitimates Xi's "Chinese dream" and how it responds to recent territorial dispute when China continuously claims its territorial sovereignty in the South China Sea. In this light, the documentary repeatedly mentions two political rhetoric: "coexistence" (gongcun) and "mutual benefit"(huli gongying) as a practical strategy to deal with the dispute between China and some countries of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). In the third section, the concept of "community of common destiny" (mingyun gongtongti) is adopted by the documentary to depict a convenient and effective organization of China and ASEAN, which is framed as an ultimate goal that Chinese government is depicted as the potential leader of this nostalgic community. At the same time, by providing different and even opposite viewpoints, this article discusses three controversial political rhetoric to present how historical and diasporic nostalgia is politicalized and served for Chinese diplomacy and national interest. Overall, this article argues that the documentary creates a glorious ancient Maritime Silk Road, as a sense of nostalgia, to expand China's economic and political influence, to respond to the controversial issues, and to reassert China's leadership as the centre of Asia.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.2455-2462
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• 2008

Global warming has become one of the most important social responsibilities. After Kyoto protocol for greenhouse gas reduction by climatic change convention came into effect, developed countries are presenting various policies to reduce greenhouse gas that is produced in transport field. One of those policies is modal shift that change from road freight to sea, inland waterway and railway transportation that is eco-friendly. Because increase of road freight brings about road congestion and accident, logistics cost, air pollution and green house gases. Railways are superior to all other modes of transport in mass transportability, high speed, timeliness, safety and environmental-friendliness, but the railway industry has been pushed behind in competition. In developed country's government actively promoted relevant legislation, policies, and countermeasures known as modal shift policies to shift freight transport from road to large volume mode such as railway and ship. In this paper, we discuss the current situation in modal shift, compare it with cases in other countries EU and Japan, identify problems in Korea, and propose the following ways to enhance competitiveness of rail freight.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-81
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze the approach characteristics, relation to other facilities, and current status focusing on 28 total of exhibition-culture facilities in Gangneung. The results are following as. First, 19 facilities are located in urban area and nine are located in country side. With locational characteristics of Gangneung which is mountains in west and sea to east, three are located in high hill side and four are in sea shore among nine facilities. Facilities in urban area converge to Gungpodae and Ojukhuk which are symbol space in Gangneung. Those facilities started to have been increased from 1990s and rapidly increased from 2000s. The reason is that people have been interested in culture and art in society in general. In building structure, buildings related with traditional contents were constructed with wooden structure while buildings have been mainly constructed with modern ways such as steel and reinforced concrete structure. Second, the 28 facilities are classified into three types by function of other space or facilities within same a site or a building. The three types are themselves usage only, multi-function, and park type. The multi-function type is re-classified into two; public type and commercial type. Those functions have changed according to changes of society and times. Finally, for approaching to the exhibition-culture facilities with general transportation, the mean distance from the closest bus stop to those facilities each is 280m and 27 facilities are located within 670m from the closest bus stop. For approaching way using by car creates movement along road-building site-parking space-main entrance of building. When based on main entrance by the movement, parking space located in front side of main entrance is the largest, next is in the side, and the least is in back side. Various factors such as approaching form from road to parking space and space size between main entrance and parking space influence to approaching ways of exhibition-culture facilities in Gangneung.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.69-74
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• 2014

Slags generated in the smelting reduction of deep sea manganese nodule could be utilized as an additional materials for making Fe-Si-Mn alloys by mixing with cokes and re-smelting at an arc furnace. In this re-melting process slag is also generated, and the secondary slag is treated as waste. In this survey, recycling of the waste slag of Mn nodule was studied. It is tried to utilize the waste slag as ceramic materials or construction materials. However, it is difficult to use the waste slag directly as an additional material to ceramics such as portland cement or castable refractory material due to the much difference of chemical compositions. As an altercation road constructing material is considered, and toxicity on the soil of the waste slag was tested according to Korean Standard for testing permissible amount of toxic substances. The test result was satisfied with the requirements on the standard. So, it should be suggested that the waste slag of the Mn nodule could be utilized as constructing materials such as road filler or base materials.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.235-240
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• 2008

In case of EU and USA, a short sea shipping and coastal shipping which are safer and environmentally better than road transportation are used widely. But a share of freight transport by a coastal transportation is extremely poor in South Korea. In this paper, we propose a Mokpo-Jeju intermodal transportation based on logistics analysis results. Firstly, we investigate a freight and passenger of a Mokpo-Jeju shipping route. And secondly, the intermodal transportations such as sea-train, sea-road, RORO ship system are investigated. Finally, we propose a coastal transportation system utilizing RORO ship system for Mokpo-Jeju shipping route and identify a technical feasibility of a coastal transportation system.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.2D
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• pp.267-274
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• 2011

In this study, around Jeju area where climatic change is most considerably appearing in Han Peninsula, we prepared sea level rise height caused by sea level rise (Seogwipo 5.6 mm/yr, Jeju 5.3 mm/yr) and a sea level rise scenario for the case when an enlarged typhoon attacks during high water ordinary spring tide, and evaluated flooding area and effect on road and facility using Digital Elevation Model(DEM) and GIS Spatial Analysis Technique. As a result, the flooding areas were shown to be 2.9 $km^2$ in 2040, 5.4 $km^2$ in 2070, and maximum 5.4 $km^2$ in 2100. Analyzing the effect of flooding on each type of road, the local roads(Gun-do) were shown to be mostly affected. The most flood effected facilities were individual houses. Especially, as there is a possibility for casualties to occur due to disaster in Hwabuk-dong because the effect of flooding on individual houses in this area was shown to be high. In addition, flood on port facilities will considerably affect logistic and marine activities. This study is thought to be a basic data which can be utilized for establishment of strategic coping measures and policies of government affiliated organizations through analysis of effect of sea level rise on construction field.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.733-737
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• 2004

FThe aim of this study was to carry out a preliminary test of the air quality modelling system (HIRES-AIRCHEM) developed at The University of New South Wales, particularly with regard to the forecast ozone distribution. This was achieved by assimilating the New South Wales State Environment Protection Authority (EPA) emissions inventory, consisting of road and non-road sources, and running the system over the Sydney metropolitan area for the four day period 25-28 February 1998. During this period ozone readings exceeded the EPA's goal of 8pphm on several occasions. The model forecasts of ozone distribution verified well with the EPA's ozone readings. This result has important implications for possible future use of the system as a tool for routinely predicting and assessing air quality.

• Strategy21
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• s.36
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• pp.59-93
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• 2015

A Paradigm shift is in process in China's foreign policies during Xi Jinping's era. Such changes occur with changing national identities from developing country to great power, and from continental power to continental-maritime power. China's pursuit for sea power embraces its global strategy. Accommodating the new identity of maritime power, China is developing its maritime strategy. New silk-road strategy actively utilizes China's advantage in economy, while avoiding direct military challenges against the U.S. China seeks an associated balance of power with the U.S. On the other hand, China make its determination clear to protect its core national interests, particularly Taiwan straits issue, deploying Anti-Access and Area-Denial strategy. 'Pax-Americana 3.0' and 'China's rise 2.0' have convoluted and evolved in complexity. South Korea faces much tougher challenges ahead in its foreign and security environments.

• KCID journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2014

Multi water-loop system is the efficient customer centered facilities of water supply by utilizing the multi water resources. Multi water-loop system is divided into various types. The system is classified potable and non-potable type. Mostly, the potable type utilizes surface water and ground water. However, the non-potable type utilize the multi water resources, such as rain water, sea water, reclaimed water, etc. Selective intake is possible when characteristics of region, physiographic condition and purpose of use are considered. For instance, downtown type, new-city type, agriculture type, island type are available. For development and application of these multi water-loop system, standardization is needed. For standardization, several methods are given; design principles, selection and composition method of multi water-loop system structure, BIM/GIS application method, safety inspection method. Consequently, a road map of design standardization method can be established. In this road map, there are three parts for the standardization of multi water-loop system. Three parts are the considerations, base material and ways of standardization. Design standardization become close when this road map followed by someone who plan the multi water-loop system. In this way, loop system's development is more efficient and economic. In hereafter research, each type's characteristic will be analysed and standardization methods can be established.