• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2004

The objective of this finite element method study was to analyze the stress distribution induced on a supporting bone by 3.75mm, 4.0mm, 5.0mm diameter of dental implant fixture(13mm length). 3-dimensional finite element models of simplified gold alloy crown(7mm height) and dental implant structures(gold cylinder screw, gold cylinder, abutment screw, abutment, fixture and supporting bone(cortical bone, cancellous bone) designs were subjected to a simulated biting force of 100 N which was forced over occlusal plane of gold alloy crown vertically. Maximum von Mises stresses(MPa) under vertical loading were 9.693(3.75mm diameter of fixture), 8.885(4.0mm diameter of fixture), 6.301(5.0mm diameter of fixture) and the highest von Mises stresses of all models were concentrated in the surrounding crestal cortical bone. The wide diameter implant was the good choice for minimizing cortical bone-fixture interface stress.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.379-392
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• 2005

Statement of problem. One of the common problems of dental implant prosthesis is the loosening of the screw that connects each component, and this problem is more common in single implant-supported prostheses with external connection, and in molars. Purpose. The purposes of this study were: (1) to compare the initial abutment screw detorque values of the six different implant-abutment interface designs, (2) to compare the detorque values of the six different implant-abutment interface designs after cyclic loading, (3) to compare the detorque values of regular and wide diameter implants and (4) to compare the initial detorque values with the detorque values after cyclic loading. Material and methods. Six different implant-abutment connection systems were used. The cement retained abutment and titanium screw of each system were assembled and tightened to 32Ncm with digital torque gauge. After 10 minutes, initial detorque values were measured. The custom titanium crown were cemented temporarily and a cyclic sine curve load(20 to 320N, 14Hz) was applied. The detorque values were measured after cyclic loading of one million times by loading machine. One-way ANOVA test, scheffe’s test and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Results. The results were as follows : 1. The initial detorque values of six different implant-abutment connections were not significantly different(p>0.05). 2. The detorque values after one million dynamic cyclic loading were significantly different (p<0.05). 3. The SS-II regular and wide implant both recorded the higher detorque values than other groups after cyclic loading(p<0.05). 4. Of the wide implants, the initial detorque values of Avana Self Tapping Implant, MIS and Tapered Screw Vent, and the detorque values of MIS implant after cyclic loading were higher than their regular counterparts(p<0.05). 5. After cyclic loading, SS-II regular and wide implants showed higher detorque values than before(p<0.05).

• 소성∙가공
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2012

In this paper, it is proposed to produce high precision screws with a diameter of $800{\mu}m$ and a thread pitch of $200{\mu}m$ ($M0.8{\times}P0.2$) by means of a cold thread rolling process. In this part II of the study, the focus is on the production and reliability testing of the prototype $M0.8{\times}P0.2$ micro-screw. Designs for two flat dies were developed with the aid of the literature and previous studies. Process parameters during the cold thread rolling process were established through FE simulations. The simulation results showed that the threads of the micro-screw are completely formed through the rolling process. Prototype $M0.8{\times}P0.2$ micro-screw were fabricated with a high precision thread rolling machine. In order to verify the simulation results, the deformed shape and dimensions obtained from the experiment were compared with those from the simulations. Hardness and failure torque of the fabricated micro-screw were also measured. The values obtained indicate that the CAE based process design used in this paper is very appropriate for the thread rolling of micro-sized screws.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1978

Gun-type nozzle에 있어서 입자(粒子)의 미립화(微粒化)를 개선(改善)코저 절선속도(切線速度)를 증가(增加)하는 방법(方法)의 일환(一環)으로 Screw 중자(中子)를 제작(製作) 장치(裝置)한 Nozzle로 실내(室內)에서 분무실험(噴霧實驗)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 분무입자(噴霧粒子)의 직경(直徑)이 클수록 분무도달거리(噴霧到達距離)는 컸으며 Screw중자(中子)를 장치(裝置)하였을 때가 장치(裝置)하지 않았을 때에 비(比)하여 분무입자(噴霧粒子)의 미립화(微粒化)는 현저히 양호(良好)하였고 분무도달거리(噴霧到達距離)는 분구(噴口)가 소구경시(小口徑時)에는 거의 차이(差異)가 없었으나 분구(噴口)가 증대(增大)함에 따라서 현저히 짧아졌다. 최고(最高) 도달거리(到達距離) 지점(地點)부터 1~2m의 분무도달거리(噴霧到達距離)에 있어서는 기류부유이동(氣流浮遊移動)의 현상(現象)으로 분무입자(噴霧粒子)가 작아졌다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2009

Objective : To evaluate the anatomical parameters that must be considered when performing thoracic transpedicular or extrapedicular screw fixation. Methods : We selected 958 vertebrae (1,916 pedicles) from 98 patients for analysis. Eight parameters were measured from CT scans : the transverse outer pedicular diameter, transverse inner pedicular diameter, length, angle, chord length of the pedicles and the transverse width, angle, and chord length of the pedicle-rib units. Results : The age of the patients ranged from 21 to 82 years (mean: 48.2 years) and there were 57 men and 41 women. The narrowest transverse outer pedicular diameter was at T5 (4.4 mm). The narrowest pedicle length was at T1 (15.9 mm). For pedicle angle, T1 was 31.6 degrees, which was the most convergent angle, and it showed the tendency of the lower the level, the lesser the convergent angle. The chord length showed a horizontal pattern with similar values at all levels. For the PRU width, T5 showed a similar pattern to the pedicle width at 13.4 mm. For the PRU angle, T1 was the largest angle at 46.2 degrees and the tendency was the lower the level. the narrower the angle. For chord length, T1 was the shortest at 46.9 mm and T8 was the longest at 60.1 mm. Conclusion : When transpedicular screw fixations carried out at the mid-thoracic level, special care must be taken because there is a high chance of danger of medial wall violation. In these circumstances, extrapedicular screw fixation may be considered as an alternative treatment.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.181-210
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• 1997

The stress distribution generated in the surrounding bone was calculated and compared for various geometry of the dental implants by means of the finite element methods. The models were designed to represent the screw type endosseous implants(varing the size, shape, direction of the screw thread and the angle of the body) with supporting bone and the cylinder type endosseous implants(varing the lower portion-Round type, tapered type) with supporting bone. Static mean bite forces were applied 100N vertically and 25N horizontally on the center of the implant and three dimensional finite analysis was undertaken using software ANSYS 5.1 Version. The result demonstrated that different implant shape leads to significant variations in stress distribution in the bone. In the case of variation of the screw size, direction and shape the implant model with normally directional and triangular screw implied lower stress than with upper directional or lower directional and quadrangular screw but among models a different screw size, within a variation of 0.2mm there was no meaningful difference in maximum stress. In the case of variation of angle of body the straight implied lower stress than the tapered. As a result of analysis of cylinder type, the implants with larger radius of curvature of the round form and larger diameter of the tapered form implied lower stress.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.468-482
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• 1998

Since the concept of osseointegration was introduced by Branemark of Sweden, dental implants have been used for various dental prosthetic treatments. The survival rate of dental implant is likely to be closely related to the total biomechanical role of each component of implant system. The use of interchangeable component is very attractive for dental practitioners because such an approach would save treatment cost, flexibility of prosthetic treatment options as well as conveniences. Therefore, the use of interchangeable implant system has been increasing without scientific assessment of safety and efficacy of various interchangeable implant system. The purpose of this study, therefore, were to compare the geometric characteristic of four interchangeable dental implant screws and the loosening torque of these screws. Four types of dental implant screws tested in this study were Nobelpharma, 3i, Impla-med, Restore. Four screws each of the test specimens were subjected for scanning electron microscopic examinations under the same condition and a 35x magnified standard SEM picture was objected from each test specimen using JSM-5200 scanning microscope. From each of the SEM pictures, eight parameters. i.e., diameter of screw head. screw length, thread pitch, major diameter. neck diameter, neck length, crest width and root width were determined using a caliper. The measurement for each parameters were then corrected for their magnification factor. The loosening torque were also determined by using a torque gauge. All of the measurements were statistically analyzed by ANOVA test and multiple range test. Statistical significance was set in advance at the probability level of less than 0.05. All analyses were done with SPSS software for the personal computer. The conclusion obtained from this studies were summarized as the following; 1. No statistically significances were noted in the thread pitch. and crest width in the four screws, and in the case of major diameter, the Impla-med screw was significantly smaller than the other three screws (p<0.05). Therefore, four implant bolts could be physically inserted in a abutment nuts. 2. The diameter of screw head was decreased in the order of Restore, 3i, Nobelpharma, Impla-med screws and the length of screws were decreased in the order of 3i, Restore, Nobelpharma and Impla-med. The diameter of neck was decreased in the order of Impla-med, Restore. Nobelpharma, 3i screws. The differences of each of these parameters were statistically significant (p<0.05). The width of root of screws were decreased in the order of Nobelpharma, Impla-med, Restore and 3i. The differences among Nobelpharma and Impla-med. Restore and 3i were statistically significant (p<0.05). 3. When the screws were loosening 1, 3, 4 and 5 times, the loosening torque for Impla-med and 3i screws were significantly higher than that of Nobelpharma or Restore screws (p<0.05). However, when statistically smaller than that of 3i, Restore or Nobelpharma screws(p<0.05).

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 춘계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.809-813
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• 2000

In this study, screw machining system by use of a rotational tool such as an end-mill or a face cutter with Y axis off-set on a CNC turing center was developed for quick machining. In this system, It was possible to use different tools for different processes, and by off-setting the tool in Y direction by calculated amount it was possible to avoid tool interference problem which could occur within the central area at the end of a tool. In addition, machining a screw with a helix of up to 3 different leads combined and with tapered minor diameter was possible.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.363-369
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• 2012

연륜경사에 따른 전단강도 실험이 국내에서 생산되는 목재에 대해 실시됐다. 연륜경사는 전단강도에 영향했고, 경사진 연륜에서 최대였다. 전단강도는 나사못 유지력을 예측하기 위한 식에 포함됐다. 나사못 유지력의 예측식은 No. 8 나사못의 실험결과와 비교하여 25 mm와 30 mm 길이에서 8% 이내로 작게 예측되었으나 18 mm와 38 mm에서는 큰 값을 보였다. 전단강도를 사용한 나사못 유지력의 예측값과 실험값 사이에는 연륜경사에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2012

Objective : To present the accuracy and safety of cervical pedicle screw insertion using the technique with direct exposure of the pedicle by laminoforaminotomy. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 12 consecutive patients. A total of 104 subaxial cervical pedicle screws in 12 patients had been inserted. We also assessed the clinical and radiological outcomes and analyzed the direction and grade of pedicle perforation (grade 0: no perforation, 1: <25%, 2: 20% to 50%, 3: >50% of screw diameter) on the postoperative vascular-enhanced computed tomography scans. Grade 2 and 3 were considered as incorrect position. Results : The correct position was found in 95 screws (91.3%); grade 0-75 screws, grade 1-20 screws and the incorrect position in 9 screws (8.7%); grade 2-6 screws, grade 3-3 screws. There was no neurovascular complication related with cervical pedicle screw insertion. Conclusion : This technique (technique with direct exposure of the pedicle by laminoforaminotomy) could be considered relatively safe and easy method to insert cervical pedicle screw.