• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2010

Purpose: The liver is the second most common organ injured by blunt abdominal trauma. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of liver transaminase in screening blunt abdominal trauma patients for traumatic liver injury. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 231 patients who sustained blunt trauma and were at risk for traumatic liver injury between June 2009 and August 2010. All of them underwent a focused assessment with sonography for trauma (FAST) and abdominal computed tomography (CT). Based on the diagnosis of abdominal CT, patients were divided into two groups: group I with liver injury and group II without liver injury. We compared the two groups and calculated the sensitivity, the specificity and the predictive values of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by using multiple cutoff values. Results: Of 231 patients with no abdominal free fluid in the FAST, 33 had traumatic liver injury on abdominal CT. The mean AST and ALT levels in group I (311.6 IU/L and 228.1 IU/L, respectively) were significantly higher than the values in group II (48.4 IU/L and 35.6 IU/L, respectively). The cutoff to distinguish liver injury is 60 IU/L for AST and 58 IU/L for ALT, with 93.8% sensitivity and 79.8% specificity for AST, and 90.6% sensitivity and 87.4% specificity for ALT. Conclusion: We recommend that all patient with suspected blunt abdominal trauma be evaluated using serum liver transaminase as a screening test for liver injury even though no abdominal free fluid is shown on the FAST. If AST > 60 IU/L and/or ALT > 58 IU/L, abdominal CT was useful to confirm liver injury in this study.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1273-1278
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• 2009

This study aimed to evaluate the potential allergenicity of Cry proteins in insect-resistant genetically modified (GM) maizes (Bt11, MON810, and MON863) using serum screening tests. Serum samples were obtained from Korean children (0-15 years old) with allergic symptoms who had positive maize-specific IgE. The levels of serum specific IgE was measured by the Phadia ImmunoCAP system and considered as positive when they are 0.35 kU/L or higher. Cry proteins (Cry1Ab in Bt11, mCry1Ab in MON810, and Cry3Bb1 in MON863) were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified for serum screening. The reactivity of purified Cry proteins was confirmed by IgE immunoblots in 50 patients (maize-sensitized patients). There was no reaction between Cry proteins and sera from maize-sensitized patients. Our results suggest that these Cry proteins are not likely to cause allergic reactions. Further studies using more sera from patients with true clinical allergies are needed to evaluate the potential allergenicity of novel proteins in GM maize.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.390-394
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• 2003

In the post-genome period, the technique for identifying gene expression has been progressed to high throughput screening. In the field of molecular nutrition, the use of screening techniques to clarify molecular function of specific nutrients would be very advantageous. In this study, we have evaluated Zn-regulated gene expression in Zn-deficient, homocystein-treated EA.hy926 cells, using cDNA microarray, which can be used to screen the expression of many genes simultaneously. The information obtained can be used for preliminary assessment of molecular and signaling events modulated by Zn under pro-atherogenic conditions. EA.hy926 cells derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured in Zn-adequate (control, 15 $\mu$M Zn) or Zn-deficient (experimental, 0 $\mu$M Zn) Dulbecco's MEM media under high homocysteine level (100 $\mu$M) for 3 days of post-confluency. Cells were harvested and RNA was extracted. Total RNA was reverse-transcribed and the synthesized cDNA was labeled with Cy3 or Cy5. Fluorescent labeled cDNA probe was applied to microarray slides for hybridization, and the slide was then scanned using a fluorescence scanner. The expression of seven genes was found to be significantly decreased, and one significantly increased, in response to treatment of EA.hy926 cells with Zn-deficient medium, compared with Zn-supplemented medium. The upregulated genes were oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle-related genes and transporter genes. The down-regulated gene was RelB, a component of the NF-kappaB complex of transcription factors. The results of this study imply the effectiveness of cDNA microarray for expression profiling of a singly nutrient deficiency, namely Zn. Furthur study, using tailored-cDNA array and vascular endothelial cell lines, would be beneficial to clarify the molecular function of Zn in atherosclerosis, more in detail.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.37-65
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• 2003

새로운 주름개선 효능물질을 개발하기 위하여 여러 가지 세포배양 모델을 이용한 in vitro 효능물질의 검색방법을 이용하여 후보물질을 도출하고 있다. 이처럼 In vitro에서 선별된 주름개선 후보물질은 사람피부에 직접 도포 하였을 때 in vitro에서 와 는 달리 주름개선 효능이 없는 경우가 많이 있다. 즉 in vitro 검색결과와 사람피부에서의 효능은 현실적으로 큰 차이를 보인다는 것이다. 그러나 모든 효능 후보물질을 사람 피부에 직접 검사할 수는 없는 현실적 어려움이 있다. 이러한 애로점을 해결하기 위하여, 동물모델이나, 인공피부배양모델 등을 이용하는 추세이다. 이번 강의에서, 본인은 동물모델과 in vitro에서 효능 측정방법을 상세하게 리뷰 하고 각 방법에 대해 토의할 것이며, 임상 전 시험 결과를 보고 할 것이다. 그 중 특히 동물 모델은 주름개선 효능물질의 효능을 평가하는데 좋은 대상이 될 것이다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.539-547
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the health status as determined by a self-assessment checklist was related to the nutritional status of elderly Korean women. We interviewed 59 female subjects living in the Daegu area aged over 55 years. Information on their dietary intake on two consecutive days was collected by the 24-hour Recall Method. Their body compositions were measured using a Bio-electrical Impedence Fatness Analyzer. Their zinc status was evaluated according to their dietary zinc intake and urinary zinc excretion in urine samples collected for 24 hours. Their heath status was determined by a NSI Checklist. While 50.9% of the total subjects belonged to a moderate nutritional risk group,23.7% of the subjects were at a high nutritional risk. It appeared that only 25.4% of the subjects were evaluated as being healthy. Therefore, the overall nutritional health status of the elderly females belonged to the moderate nutritional risk group. Except for vitamin C, the average daily nutrient intake of the subjects was below the level of the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for Koreans. The lower the nutritional health score, the better was their dietary intake of energy (p<.05), protein (p<.001), and zinc (p<.01). A positive relationship between their nutritional health score and body fat ratio was also observed (p<.05). Therefore, we suggest that the NSI Checklist could be used as a practical screening tool at the beginning of nutritional surveillance of the elderly in the community.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of general and oral health status on dementia. Methods: Questionnaires were used for the KDSQ-C (Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaires-Cognition) and to investigate the oral health status of the participants. An independent t-test was conducted to analyze the differences between general health and oral health status depending on the normal and suspected dementia groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of general and oral health status on dementia. Results: Regarding the health status of the subjects assessed by the KDSQ-C, the higher the current health status and the higher the exercise status, the lower was the dementia level (p<0.05). During the assessment of oral health conditions in KDSQ-C subjects, dementia was more suspected in subjects with dental decay and periodontal disease than in those without dental decay (p<0.05). Conclusions: Dementia has been confirmed to be closely related to general and oral health conditions. Therefore, oral health-related programs are essential for dementia prevention programs. Since dental hygienists are best suited for providing oral care to older adults with dementia, it is considered essential to reflect their occupation in future national policies.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.62-71
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• 2008

환경에는 매우 다양한 유해화학물질이 존재하며 지속적으로 새로운 화학물질이 개발되고 다시 환경 중으로 유출되고 있다. 화학물질의 관리나 규제를 위해서는 우선관리대상 오염물질(Priority Contaminants)을 결정해야 하는데, 이를 위한 과학적이고 정량적인 방법론으로는 우선순위선정(Chemical Ranking and Scoring; CRS)기법이 대표적이다. CRS기법에는 개발목적에 따라 다양한 평가인자들이 적용되는데 본 연구에서는 토양매체에서의 우선순위물질 선정시 필요한 인자를 제시하기 위해 다양한 CRS기법을 비교분석하여 토양특성을 고려할 수 있는 평가인자를 제시하였다. 연구대상 CRS는 국외에서 개발된 CHEMS-1, EURAM, SCRAM, ARET와 국내에서 개발된 CRS-Korea 및 그 외 기타 관련연구들이다. 기존에 개발된 CRS에 적용된 평가인자들을 비교분석한 결과 노출과 독성을 고려하여 우선순위물질을 선정하는데, 주로 화학물질의 잔류성, 생물축적성, 배출량 등을 공통적인 노출인자로 적용하고 있었고 독성인자로는 인체와 환경독성을 고려하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 토양매체의 우선순위물질선정을 위하여 이러한 CRS기법들이 공통적으로 적용하고 있는 인자들 이외에 토양매체의 특성을 고려할 수 있는 토양배출량, 토양오염 사고사건사례, 선진국의 규제국가수 등을 평가인자로 제안하였으며, 지하수매체와의 연계성을 위하여 지하수이동성 인자를 새로이 추가하였다. 본 연구결과는 CRS기법을 비교분석하여 토양에서의 유해화학물질 우선순위 선정시 고려되어야할 평가인자를 제안한 연구로 토양에 대한 CRS기법개발을 위한 기반연구로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2012

This paper presents the short-term and long-term measures to determine the fugitive dust concentration in a contaminated site, which is a crucial step for the determination of particulate emission factor (PEF) for risk assessment. As a long-term measure, USEPA method employing Q/C value (inverse of the ratio of the geometric mean air concentration to the emission flux at center of a 0.5-acre square source) seems to be suitable as it reflects regional-specific meteorological conditions. However, it requires nation-wide database collection and interpretation. Use of ASTM method is an alternative as a short-term measure. The method is readily field-applicable as PEF calculation equation is simple and input parameters can be easily derived at the site of interest as well without the nation-wide efforts. Using ASTM method, PEF at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was determined. According to various mode of aggregate size distribution and fractions of vegetative cover, which are the most important factors in PEF calculation, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site varied greatly. When the mode of aggregate size distribution was set at 0.25 mm, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was 5~20 times higher than the default PEF value (i.e., 35 ${\mu}g/m^3$) shown in the current Korean Soil Contamination Risk Assessment Guidance. On contrast, when the mode was set at 2 mm, PEF values at the Former Janghang Smelter Site was 160~640 times lower than the default PEF value in the Korean Guidance.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.304-314
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• 2015

본 연구는 해수면 상승 취약성 지수 개발을 통한 국가차원의 효율적인 대응을 위하여 기존 연안 취약성 지수 현황을 조사하고, 우리나라 동해안 적용을 통하여 미래 취약성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 조사한 취약성 지수는 미국지질조사국(USGS) 지수, 해수면 상승 지수, 복합 취약성 지수, 다중스케일 취약성 지수를 포함하며, 이 중국가정책 차원의 활용도와 가용 자료를 고려하여 연안 외력(해수면 상승, 파랑, 조석)과 해안의 적응 능력(지형, 침식률, 경사도)의 함수로 취약성을 나타내는 USGS 지수를 선정 평가하였다. 현재 동해안의 취약성 지수는 1.826~22.361(평균 7.085)이였으며, 1 m 해수면 상승 시 2.887~30.619(평균 12.361)로 증가하였다. 매우 높은(VERY HIGH) 취약도를 나타내는 해안은 현재 8.57%에서, 1 m 해수면 상승 시 35.56%로 증가하였다. 취약도 변화는 지자체에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 강릉시, 양양군, 고성군에서 높게 나타났다. 이들 위험 지역의 토지이용은 농지, 주거지, 도로 등의 인간시스템과 사빈, 습지, 산림 등의 자연시스템 공히 많은 분포를 나타내어, 기후변화 시대의 해안토지이용의 변화를 요구하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 취약성 지수의 정책적 활용 및 특정 취약 해안 적응을 위하여 취약성 지수에 의한 스크리닝, 영향 모델에 의한 취약지 영향평가 및 이들 평가에 기초한 확률적 리스크 정량화 등 3단계 취약성 평가 체계를 제안하였다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.245-256
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• 2017

Objectives: The present study is aimed at performing real-time measurement of fibrous materials using an F-1 fiber monitor, investigating the correlations between the measurements and environmental conditions, and assessing the feasibility of the use of the monitor in actual exposure assessments based on the accuracy and reliability of the device. Methods: Asbestos specimens with a fixed asbestos content were dispersed in a chamber and collected with a particle measuring test device. Measurements obtained by the existing PCM method, and with the F-1 fiber monitor were compared. In addition, concentrations of asbestos fibers obtained by the PCM method, the TEM method, and the F-1 fiber monitor were compared with that of specific ABS scenarios in NOA regions. Correlations of asbestos contents in soil and weather conditions with each method of measurement were analyzed. Results: Laboratory results showed that levels of asbestos fibers measured with each method increased as fiber contents in soil increased. In the accuracy and reproducibility assessment, no significant differences were found between the different methods of measurement. On-site assessment results showed positive correlations among the methods, and these correlations were less significant compared with what was shown by the laboratory results. Levels of asbestos fibers increased as asbestos contents in soil increased, and as temperature increased. Levels of asbestos fibers decreased as humidity increased, and wind speed did not significantly affect the extent to which asbestos fibers were scattered. Conclusions: While it would be premature to replace existing methods with the use of F-1 fiber monitors in real sites based on the results of this study, the monitor may be useful in the screening of the sites, which assesses hazard levels in different regions. Replacement of existing methods with the use of F-1 fiber monitors may be possible after the limitations identified in this study are overcome, and additional assessment data are obtained and reviewed under different conditions to confirm the reliability of the monitor in future research. Obtained assessment results may be used as basic data for the assessment of asbestos hazard in NOA regions.