• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.126-136
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• 2016

Purpose: The purposes of this review were to address misconceptions of childhood fever and fever management practice among parents and health care providers, and to identify the scientific evidences against such misconceptions and practices. Methods: Journal databases and clinical guidelines from 2000 to 2015 were searched. The search terms were fever, fever management, misconception, myth, fiction, fact, fever phobia, child, antipyretics, tepid bath, alternating use/combined use of antipyretics, and physical cooling method. Results: There are significant gaps between current concepts and practices, and the scientific evidence. Misconceptions and unrealistic concerns about childhood fever still exist among parents and even health care providers, worldwide. The evidences suggest that antipyretics should be given carefully with the aim of relieving discomfort or pain rather than decreasing the temperature itself. Alternating use of antipyretics should be discouraged due to the risk of confusion and error. Antipyretics do not prevent febrile convulsions. Moreover, the scientific evidence does not support tepid sponge massage. Conclusion: Evidence-based childhood fever management interventions should be targeted toward parents and health care providers. By adopting an evidence-based approach to nursing interventions, pediatric nurses can ensure children receive appropriate and safe fever management.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.199-208
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• 2015

An enhanced understanding of the nature of scientific knowledge-what counts as a scientific argument and how scientists justify their claims with evidence-has been central in Korean science instruction. However, despite its importance, scholars are generally concerned about the difficulty of both addressing and improving students' epistemic understanding, especially for students of a young age. This study investigated Korean middle school students' epistemic ideas about claim, data, evidence, and argument when they engage in reading both text-based and data-inscription arguments. Compared to previous studies, Korean middle school students show a sophisticated understanding of the role of claim and evidence. Yet, these students think that there is only a single way of interpreting data. When comparing students' ideas from text-based and data-inscription arguments, the majority of Korean students barely perceive text description as evidence and recognize only measured data as evidence.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.323-336
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' written arguments embedded in scientific inquiry investigations using the Science Writing Heuristic (SWH) approach. Argument components defined in this study are questions, claims, questions-claims relationship, evidence, claims-evidence relationship, multiple modal representations, and reflection. A set of criteria for evaluating each argument component was developed to evaluate writing samples of students from college freshman general chemistry laboratory classes. Results indicate that students produced, on average, moderate to powerful questions, claims, and evidence. They also constructed reasonable questions-claims relationship and claims-evidence relationship. Compared to other component scores, the average score for reflection was relatively low. Overall, the average Total Argument score was 21.4 out of a possible 36, that is, the quality of the written arguments using the SWH approach during a series of inquiry-based chemistry laboratory investigations was moderate to powerful. The findings of this study suggest that students, on average, developed reasonable scientific arguments generated as part of scientific inquiry. In other words, students are capable of putting together reasonable arguments as they participate in inquiry-based laboratory classrooms.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.227-242
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• 2012

This research explores the scientific reasoning of pre-service elementary teachers in experimental design. The article focuses on pre-service teachers' responses to the questions in the worksheets which involve making their knowledge claims on extinguishing of a burning candle in a closed container, evaluating anomalous data, and designing experiment to test their ideas. Their responses are interpreted in terms of categories developed by Tytler and Peterson(2003, 2004). The interrelationship between conceptual knowledge and scientific reasoning is explored using the data. It is argued that coordination of ideas and evidence must be emphasized in the scientific investigations rather than fair test.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Factors and causal structures of pre-service elementary teachers about the critical thinking and the scientific literacy competency were investigated in this study. The third grade university students and the first grade university students in the metropolitan city participated in this study. The factor analysis method and the structural equation modeling method were used for the data analysis, and the following results were obtained. First, the third grade university students and the first grade university students recognized 'inquisitive thinking' factor and 'reflective thinking' factor as factors of the critical thinking, and 'scientific explanation' factor and 'evidence-based conclusion' factor as factors of the scientific literacy competency respectively. Second, the third grade university students showed more the influence from 'reflective thinking' factor to 'scientific explanation' factor and from 'reflective thinking' factor to 'evidence-based conclusion' factor than the first grade university students.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.109-126
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• 2023

In this study, I took the evidence-explanation (E-E) continuum perspective to examine the epistemological implications of scientific reasoning cases designed by preservice elementary teachers during their simulation teaching. The participants were four preservice teachers who conducted simulation instruction on the seasons and high/low air pressure and wind. The selected discourse episodes, which included cases of inductive, deductive, or abductive reasoning, were analyzed for their epistemological implications-specifically, the role played by the reasoning cases in the E-E continuum. The two preservice teachers conducting seasons classes used hypothetical-deductive reasoning when they identified evidence by comparing student-group data and tested a hypothesis by comparing the evidence with the hypothetical statement. However, they did not adopt explicit reasoning for creating the hypothesis or constructing a model from the evidence. The two preservice teachers conducting air pressure and wind classes applied inductive reasoning to find evidence by summarizing the student-group data and adopted linear logic-structured deductive reasoning to construct the final explanation. In teaching similar topics, the preservice teachers showed similar epistemic processes in their scientific reasoning cases. However, the epistemological implications of the instruction were not similar in terms of the E-E continuum. In addition, except in one case, the teachers were neither good at abductive reasoning for creating a hypothesis or an explanatory model, nor good at using reasoning to construct a model from the evidence. The E-E continuum helps in examining the epistemological implications of scientific reasoning and can be an alternative way of transmitting scientific reasoning.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.218-225
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• 2013

Although the functional ingredient has been evaluated by the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) based on scientific evidence, the levels of scientific evidence and consistency of the results might vary according to emerging data. Therefore, periodic re-evaluation may be needed for some functional ingredients. In this study, we re-evaluated scientific evidence for the antioxidant activity of coenzyme Q10 as a functional ingredient in health functional food. Literature searches were conducted using the Medline and Cochrane, KISS, and IBIDS databases for the years 1955-2010 with the search term of coenzyme Q10 in combination with antioxidant. The search was limited to human studies published in Korean, English, and Japanese. Using the KFDA's evidence based evaluation system for scientific evaluation of health claims, 33 human studies were identified and reviewed in order to evaluate the strength of the evidence supporting a relation between coenzyme Q10 and antioxidant activity. Among 33 studies, significant effects for antioxidant activities were reported in 22 studies and their daily intake amount was 60 to 300 mg. Based on this systematic review, we concluded that there was possible evidence to support a relation between coenzyme Q10 intake and antioxidant activities. However, because inconsistent results have recently been reported, future studies should be monitored.

• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.72-87
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• 2006

Accidents and terrorist acts that utilize explosives have a great influence on society and thus require a prompt investigation for the arrest of the culprit. However, such investigations are often met with difficulties due to the vastness of the crime scene, restrictions on approaching the scene, fragility of the evidence, complexity of investigation, and the lack of expertise. In spite of such facts, scientific investigation regarding explosives have not been widely studied in Korea. Therefore, the focus of this research primarily concerns the effective scientific investigation methods in cases of accidents that involve chemical explosives. Although the a systematic investigation method is at the heart of scientific investigation in cases of explosive accidents, it is only at its rudimentary stage. Therefore, in this research, a systematic investigation method is put forth for the 'scene investigation, the documentation of the scene, and the collection and processing of evidence. Further, I have set forth a 'scene investigation check list' the ensure a thorough scene investigation and to promote an exhaustive evidence collection that would guarantee the admissibility of such evidence in court. The above efforts were aimed at simplifying the currently complicated investigation system. 1) In the future, a guidebook that can be generally applied to accidents involving explosives in Korea ught to be produced, a continual systematic education and integrated training excises for investigators ought to be established, laws that require additives in explosives ought to be instituted so that the type, components, and source of explosives can be identified, and lastly, a database that contain information on former explosion accidents, trends, and techniques of criminal activities that involve explosion accidents should be compiled.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.31-43
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• 2016

Objectives : It focuses on what the consumers expected Korean medicine to improve on, and analyzes patients' impressions. Methods : This research is based on the Ministry of Health and Welfare's Survey on Usage of Korean Medicine (2008, 2011, and 2014) and was new analysis for our research objective. Results : The general consensus among the consumers was uncertainty of effectiveness, expensive costs, side effects, need for expertise, lack of scientific evidence, expansion of diseases treated, and improvement of equipment. Consumers distrusted Korean medicine due to its uncertainty of its effectiveness, expensive costs, side effects, and lack of scientific evidence for its effectiveness, and avoided using Korean medicine. Conclusions : These results seem to be a combination of the Korean medicinal doctors treating patients not based on evidence but on their individual experiences, lack of health insurance for Korean medicine resulting in expensive costs, lack of research on toxicity and safety of Korean medicine, and lack of scientific and clinical studies for evidence-based research. To solve these problems, the Korean medicine community needs to standardize treatments based on evidence, and look to Chinese medicine for possible solutions.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.82-94
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• 2012

In this study, epistemological views of middle school students on scientific inquiry were investigated. The Views of Scientific Inquiry Questionnaire was administered to 141 9th graders. The questionnaire consists of five open-ended items concerning the contexts of scientific investigation, the methods of scientific investigation, the interpretation of data, and the data and evidence. Analyses of the results indicated that their epistemological understanding of scientific inquiry were not adequate on the whole. Although the students suggested a variety of factors influencing scientists' decisions on the questions and the methods of investigation, many of the factors were minor. Only a few students specifically described the activities of scientists and the constituents of "scientific" activity, and students did not demonstrate adequate understanding of experimentation in science and multiple scientific methods. Moreover, the percentage of students who possessed the informed view that data can be variously interpreted was found to be low. The students also did not understand the distinctions between data and evidence. Educational implications are discussed.