• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.340-352
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• 2019

The purpose of science education is scientific literacy, which is extended in its meaning in the $21^{st}$ century. Students must be equipped with the skills necessary to solve problems from the community beyond obtaining the knowledge from curiosity, which is called 'computational thinking'. In this paper, the authors tried to define computational thinking in science education from the view of scientific literacy in the $21^{st}$ century; (1) computational thinking is an explicit skill shown in the two steps of abstracting the problems and automating solutions, (2) computational thinking consists of concrete components and practices which are observable and measurable, (3) computational thinking is a catalyst for STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) education, and (4) computational thinking is a cognitive process to be learned. More implication about the necessity of including computational thinking and its emphasis in implementing in science teaching and learning for the envisioned scientific literacy is added.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.81-95
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• 2002

The Department of Energy's (DOE) Scientific and Technical Information Program (STIP) has successfully reinvented the way in which DOE collects, organizes, archives, disseminates, and uses scientific and technical information in the performance of research and development (R&D). Through a suite of innovative Web-based products conceived and developed by the Department's Office of Scientific and Technical Information(OSTI), information and resources resulting from the Department's R&D activities, as well as worldwide information needed by the research community, are readily available to all users in a fully integrated E-Government environment. This suite of products is accessible publicly at .

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2009

Since the term, 'scientific literacy' was introduced by P. D. Hurd in 1958, it has been used as a term, representing major goals in science education. In Korea, the term 'scientific literacy' was used in the statement of the summative objective of the 2007 science reformed curriculum. But in various educational contexts m which teachers and researchers works, the definition of the term has not been used consistently. This phenomena would be interpreted as showing limits of the term describing the goals of science education. This study examined the historical change in the meaning of the term in purpose of trying to anchor the definition. In this study, the changing period was divided into before introducing the term and after. The after era was divided into the period of confusing and anchoring in the meaning, and the period of expanding the meaning. Especially, after science as intellectual ability was conceptualized in science education communities, the meaning of scientific literacy was partially confused. In current time, as the concepts of language in cognitive science influenced the use of language in science education, the trends of expending the meaning of scientific literacy has been grasped in science education community.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.267-280
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to review the foundation of the representative early scientific societies and their major activities. The documents, books, and literature related to this study were collected through internet websites (e.g., google scholar, wikipedia) and analyzed by the qualitative content analysis method. The result of this study shows that requirement for the necessary resources to acquire or to prepare the instruments for the experiment is significantly increased with the rising importance of the experiments to conduct the scientific methods. As a consequence, scientists faced urgent necessities to conduct scientific experiments with cooperation and exchange of the newest information by establishing a community beyond the independent and individual research activity. Establishment of the scientific societies is the result of these necessities. At the beginning of the scientific societies, the resources are provided by either wealthy patron or member contribution or public through foundation of government organization. This study provides the implications for future scientific societies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.28-35
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• 1999

According to the development of scientific technique, approvement of income level, diversification of recreation, etc., modem society human being demand for the facility for communication, education, and information in the community. So, School is watched by the community as a continuing education center where is expropriated diversify demands. On the other hand, the fact is that education program by community demands in the school facility has not been set. Then, this study aim to suggest to proper education program by consequence of question.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

The importance of data curation is increasingly recognized as the need of data reuse drastically grows. Due to recent data explosion, scientists invest almost 90% of their efforts in the retrieval and collection of data needed to their study. In this paper, we deal with the development and application of a collaborative environment for community-driven data curation which is essential to enhance scientific data reusability and citability. The collaborative scientific data curation environment focuses on the cross-linking between data (or data collections) and their associated literatures to capture and organize inter-relations among research results in a specific domain. Also, plenty of contextual information is provided as metadata in order to support users in understanding data. The cross-linking has been realized by using DOI system to guarantee global accessibility to data and their relationships to literatures. The curation environment has been adopted to build a community-driven curated DB by a globally well-known intrinsically-disorderd protein research group. The curated DB will drastically reduce researchers' efforts to retrieve and collect the data required for scientific discovery.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.268-280
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• 2005

Teaching with laboratory activities in school science, which are distinctive characteristic, is placed from other disciplines fur teaming almost 200 hundred years ago. A number of science educators have suggested that there are rich benefits in teaming from using laboratory activities. At these time, however, some educators have begun to seriously question the effectiveness and the role of laboratory activities. There are some causes related to obscure and vague aims of laboratory activities. The purposes of this paper is to review aims of laboratory activities presented in the literatures through historical overview, and to obtain implication for school science. There are various aims of laboratory activities by a number of researchers. Overall synthesizing, there are ffur domains of aims of science teaching through laboratory activities, (a) science knowledge has two sub-domains; scientific content knowledge and procedural knowledge, (b) nature of science, (c) science attitude has two sub-domain; scientific attitude and attitude toward science, and (d) ability of scientific inquiry has two sub-domain; manipulative skills and scientific thinking. But, it is necessary to continue the following study in order to obtain the aims of laboratory activities agreed by expert community, and setting up of lists of aims of laboratory activities for students to achieve hierarchies of school science curriculums.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.127-145
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• 2011

Various environmental ecosystems are valuable sources for microbial ecology studies, and their analyses using recently developed molecular ecological approaches have drawn significant attention within the scientific community. Changes in the microbial community structures due to various anthropogenic activities can be evaluated by various culture-independent methods e.g. ARISA, DGGE, SSCP, T-RFLP, clone library, pyrosequencing, etc. Direct amplification of total community DNA and amplification of most conserved region (16S rRNA) are common initial steps, followed by either fingerprinting or sequencing analysis. Fingerprinting methods are relatively quicker than sequencing analysis in evaluating the changes in the microbial community. Being an efficient, sensitive and time- and cost effective method, T-RFLP is regularly used by many researchers to access the microbial diversity. Among various fingerprinting methods T-RFLP became an important tool in studying the microbial community structure because of its sensitivity and reproducibility. In this present review, we will discuss the important developments in T-RFLP methodology to distinguish the total microbial diversity and community composition in the various ecosystems.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.31-47
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• 2002

The main purpose of this research is to look into not only how users evaluate two major databases(BIST and SATURN) of the scientific and technical literature in Korea, but also what users expect from scientific and technical information services in general. The result of the user evaluation shows that there is a very little difference between two databases in database quality. It was found that BIST is better than SATURN in terms of accuracy, customer support, searching capability, and currency, whereas SATURN is preferred to BIST for completeness and the average number of retrieved items. User expectation for scientific and technical information is also investigated by surveying its user community. Among three user groups, there is notable disagreement in language uses to search non-korean literature. Each group also shows different demands for translation of original literature. This study attempted to evaluate the quality of the scientific and technical information (BIST and SATURN) and simultaneously to investigate users demands in general. By doing so, the specificity implied in quality evaluation of specific information services as well as the generalization of the users behaviors in scientific and technical community were accommodated in this study.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.72-89
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• 2001

This article takes a look at current developments of science organization and the distribution of scientific information in Germany. In the information age, libraries and information centres become centres of knowledge management for the science community, as well as for the industry and for the public. Suitable solutions for a fair trade of information are necessary. Information professionals set up digital libraries and new metadata systems. The government's updated science policy and public-initiatives accelerate the development.