• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.970-990
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• 2002

This study examines how practical work in science was introduced in British schools and became an important part of school science activities during the second half of the 19th century. Firstly, the establishment of a national education system in Britain is reviewed. Secondly, a general development of school science teaching is summarized with a special attention to students' enrollment in science subjects. Thirdly, the practical work in elementary schools are discussed in relation to the introduction of Object Lessons in curriculum. Then, the situations of practical work in science in secondary schools, particularly in Organized Science Schools and some famous public schools, are illustrated. Finally, the overall development until present days is critically discussed in relation to the types and aims of practical work in science.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.102-116
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• 2008

In their teaching practice, teachers encounter multi-dimensions of pedagogical challenges. The recognition and reflection on these challenges is crucial to advance our science teaching. This study looked into science teachers' dilemmas of their teaching practical work through their written cases. Dilemma cases are teachers' narratives organized around important events of teaching and learning. It can reveal teachers' situated cognition and be used as lens to investigate complex realities of science teaching and learning. 26 pre- and in-service elementary teachers' dilemma cases of science practical work were carefully collected and analysed to interpret what constitute tensions in elementary science practical works. They were largely grouped into three: Curriculum and Institutional Relevance, Students Relevance, Nature of School Experiments Relevance and divided into 7 subheadings: 'Authority of Curriculum(textbook)', 'Disappointment at external support', 'Students' interests and safety', 'Students' unscientific and inert attitude', 'Difficulty of showing expected results', 'Generalization through experiment', 'Knowledge acquisition and authentic inquiry'. Each dilemma was interpreted in terms of the tensions which constitute contradictory beliefs, values, expectation and realities. These dilemmas enabled to expose actual conditions of elementary science practical work and teachers' challenges otherwise can not be seen easily. Science teacher educators also can get some implications to overcome the gap between theory and practice in their teacher education.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.74-84
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to get an implication on teacher education program, by exploring the difficulties pre-service elementary teachers have with their science lessons. 37 pre-service teachers were requested to write an anecdote about their science lessons during their 4 week practicum. By analyzing these anecdotes, the difficulties were grouped into several categories by the researcher, and then reconfirmed by the pre-service teachers themselves. The result showed that there were far more difficulties with practical work (cases: 48), than with content knowledge teaching (cases: 17). Among practical work related difficulties, the most frequent cases were: 1) when they have unexpected result different from scientific theory (cases: 10), 2) when they teach process skill and usage of lab equipments (cases: 8), and 3) when they do not have enough preparation for practical work (cases: 7). Unlike the result of preceding research on secondary pre-service teachers, there was no affective aspect problems. These difficulties also can be divided into 'problems' and 'dilemmas'. Whereas 'problems' can be settled by removing obstacles, 'dilemmas', a conflict-filled situation, require choices between competing values or aims. The use of scientific language, the decision on the level and amount of knowledge they teach, and disposal of unexpected experiment results caused such dilemmas in science lessons. The research results imply practical work should be more strengthened in the elementary teacher education program. And both teacher educators and pre-service teachers need to understand that practical teaching is a complex enterprise accompanying some 'dilemmas'. The role of science teachers as managers of dilemmas could be considered.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.48-53
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• 2014

Recently, the tendency for young people losing interest in science has accelerated. This tendency is remarkable for not only Japan but also some countries of Asia. It is thought that this tendency was brought from the decrease of the chance to watch the actual manufacturing activities, and the decrease of the real experience which children makes something in their childhood. In order to bring up the capable engineers on such a social background, making a product practice which promotes the understanding of the application of theory for manufacturing products is important in addition to study by the text book. In this study, some practical work materials for the lower grades in the college were developed. Integration of the developed materials and the course of study becomes an effective teaching method of the of subjects on a special field. Arranging this practical work on the learning process makes a high effect of the integrated practical work on the curriculum.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.277-287
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• 2016

This study explores how a teacher copes with anomalous situation in primary practical science lesson and what factors affect teacher's strategy to cope with anomalous situations. The method of auto-ethnography was used in order to capture the inner experience of the individual teacher. For this, one of the researchers participated in this study as the teacher participant. Two science lessons that the researcher taught as a teacher were observed by a co-author and video-recorded. However, only one lesson which the teacher experienced the anomalous situation was analyzed. After the lesson, self-interviews were conducted with the co-author. Also the researcher wrote four reflective journals about anomalous situations that she experienced. What has emerged in this study is that anomalous situations were experienced by the teacher while students were doing practical work and while students were presenting their results of practical work. As each anomalous situation was experienced in different contexts, the strategies that the teacher used were different and were affected not only by the personal epistemological belief but also by the socio-cultural context that the teacher was surrounded by. This study has implications to help teachers who have difficulties in coping with anomalous situations.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2016

To enhance the university-industry collaboration, a novel program named as Internship & Capstone Design Integrated program (ICIP) is developed by Dongguk University. Senior students must take one Capstone design class for graduation. By participating in summer Internship and one-year Capstone Design work, practical problems given by businesses are solved. The ICIP is a Project and Internship-based course. By participating in summer internship and one-year Capstone Design work, practical problems given by businesses are solved. The internship course requires students to work in teams under mentors who work in the partner company proposed project themes. Students apply their academic experiences in constructing real projects at work under the supervision of their site mentors and academic advisor. In this regard, this study attempts to present a case study on the assessment of program outcomes using the Internship.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.413-421
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the improvement measure of dental technician practical examination. Methods: A survey was performed on 111 dental technicians who were self-written questionnaire. The results were analyzed by SPSS 12.0. The collected data was analyzed by frequency and chi-square test. Results: Questions most necessary work tools with the articulator was the highest with 55.9%, Electric wax carver(16.2%), heating clear(14.4%), CAD/CAM program(9.0%) was in the order. The need for additional practical test in response to actions included maxillary and mandibular comments occlusal work that you have to wax up the highest rate of 63.8%. Items most in need of improvement was strengthen of clinically oriented(48.0%), separation of written and practical(14.6%), control the degree of difficulty(11.4%) were the next order. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the current dental technician did not show major problems in the practical test. However, clinicians should be strengthened mainly. To do this, the use of the articulator is essential.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.655-664
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• 2020

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the qualities and problems to be solved to strengthen the vocational competency of dental hygienists and to identify the work to be institutionally established. Methods: From April 1 to May 30, 2019, a total of 325 people participated (152 registered dental hygienists: RDH, 173 students of dental hygiene: SDH) in this study. The survey items were as follows: "job awareness" (6 items), "problem to be solved to strengthen vocational competency" (5 items), "qualities to be equipped to strengthen"competency" (9 items), and "practical work to be institutionally established" (4 items). Results: RDH and SDH had the highest perception of professionalism (3.68, 3.99 points), and low remuneration against work (4.21, 4.18 points) was perceived as the most important problem to be solved. The qualities for competency reinforcement showed the highest results in expertise knowledge (4.68, 4.64 points) and vocation for job (3.76, 4.09 points). Practical work to be established institutionally appeared as follows: X-ray film reading, dental hygiene diagnosis, periodontal pocket measurement, and periodontal pockets (<6 mm) treatment. Conclusions: This study is expected to be actively used to strengthen the vocational competency among dental hygienists, construct work autonomy, and rationalize and legalize practical work.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2000

Many Safety training up to now has been done at site varying with their condition without any standardization or fundamental work related technique. In order to prevent any accidents from construction site, now as we all know, we have to approach on it with work based method. The authors have investigated a couple of construction site for collecting the ideas from site Engineers of this. Some of ideas analyzed with the above related data have been shown as conclusions.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.855-863
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to suggest an improvement plan for the National Technical Qualification Practical Evaluation focusing on National Competency Standards. First, in order to strengthen practical techniques such as field abilities and expertise, practical evaluation methods were applied to the National Competency Standards, referring to a learning module focused on field performance. Second, an expert advisory committee in the field of organic agriculture was utilized to compare, analyze, and match the competency unit and competency unit elements of the National Competency Standards with the national technical qualification examination standards in field of organic agriculture. In addition, in order to identify work in progress in the industrial field, share professional practice skills, and analyze facilities and equipment, we visited an organic agriculture industry site. Through this, a practical evaluation exam was developed. Subsequently, in order to confirm the adequacy of the developed exam, the pilot test assessment was conducted for those majoring in organic agriculture. Finally, as a feasibility study, a survey was conducted. Based on the results, greater technical job competency in the field of organic agriculture will contribute to strengthening knowledge in this field by suggesting an improvement plan for the national technical qualifications practical evaluation method in the field of organic agriculture.