• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.496-506
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the affecting factors on breast self-examination of middle-aged women in Korea. The subjects were 141 women on Jeju Island, and materials were collected through an organized questionnaire from March to August 2002. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, $x^2$-test. A-nova and Discriminant analysis by the SAS program. The major results are as follows: 1. 53% of the subjects performed the breast self-examination. The practice of breast self-examination was correlated with the education level, income, low salt diet, more than 30 minutes of regular exercise. 2. Attitudes towards breast self-examination were not a significant practice regarding breast self-examination. However, the cognition about difficulty of breast self-examination partly showed an important barrier factor to the positive attitude. 3. The average self-efficacy concerning breast self-examination was 3.03. The stages of change related to the subjects showed that a contemplation stage was high. 4. With a stepwise multiple regression, the most significant factor on self-efficacy related with breast self-examination was the contemplation stage, 30-40 aged women. high income, regular exercise, low salt diet, family cancer history, etc. 5. With the discriminant analysis, the most important factors related with the practice of the breast self-examination were income and self-efficacy. The power of discriminant was 59%. The results of this study suggests that programs should be developed to promote practice and the self-efficacy related with breast self-examination.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.506-514
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• 2006

purpose of this work was to study the applied effects of out-of-class Chemical Experience Learning (CEL) Programs on scientific process skills and science-related attitude for middle school students. The out-of-class CEL Programs which were developed to make the funny out-of-class chemistry and the exciting science class', included the nature-friendly chemical experiments suitable for natural environment and composed of real life-centered experiences. The out-of-class CEL programs were applied to natural environment through all-day improvement activity. The science club students in D middle school in Busan were selected as the objects of the study consisting of one experiment group and one control group. The out-of-class CEL programs were applied to the experiment group and traditional class method was applied to the control group. The change of scientific process skills and science-related attitudes between two groups were compared and analyzed. And students reaction on the out-of-class CEL programs was investigated. As a result, out-of-class nature-friendly chemical experiments were improved scientific process skills and science-related attitudes of middle school students. Also, more than 70% of students in the experimental group gave positive feedbacks to the out-of-class CEL programs and increased attention, interest, and degree of self-participation in science.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.16
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• pp.6845-6849
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• 2015

Background: Roles of tobacco and alcohol use in etiology of cancer are well established. Alterationin in P53 have essential roles neoplastic change by preventing genome mutation; the aim of this study was to assess the association between P53 mutation and tobacco and alcohol consumption, as well as to assess the epidemiology of tobacco and alcohol use as risk factors for cancer in the adult population of northern Saudi civilians. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey from October 2014 to January 2015, covering 3,398 adults, was performed. P53 mutation molecular detection was performed for 100 tobacco and alcohol users, usingDNA extracted from buccal cells. Results: Of the 3,398 participants 3,253/3398(95.7%) responded, with a male female ratio of 1.10: 1.00. Out of these, 24.8% had smoked tobacco in their lifetime and 2.7% were consumers of alcoholic beverages. None was identified with any P53 mutation. Conclusions: The prevalence of tobacco smoking among the northern Saudi civilians was relatively high. Females' attitudes in tobacco and alcohol related issues were found to be affected by social stigma. Tobacco and alcohol use has no link to P53 gene mutations.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.829-840
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• 2010

In recent years, medical techniques have provided patients with various measures to improve their quality of life. For dental treatment, drug-mediated sedation techniques for relieving dental anxiety have been developed, but behavior control through drugmediation may be limited because of possible side effects, contraindications, and the additional expense to the patient. Many patients tend to avoid the treatment or are unwilling to accept it and this makes both patients and dentists feel pressured. The field of NLP application might alleviate this uncomfortableness. Recently, NLP has spread to the dental and medical field rapidly and has been used in surgical treatments as well as in direct psychotherapy. NLP techniques which could be applied to dental phobic patients are as follows. 1) anchoring, 2) dissociation, 3) submodality change, 4) time line threapy, 5) swish pattern, 6) six step reframing, 7) parts integration, 8) modeling and imagination and so on. The aim of this study is to examine the strategy of NLP psychology so that dental phobic patients can be treated efficiently and effectively by the application of behavior management. Through NLP, patients can be induced to have more positive attitudes and experiences in future dental treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.113-143
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• 1997

Most of the conflict problems between 2 persons can be represented as a bi-matrix game, because player's utilities, in general, are non-zero sum and change according to the progress of game. In the bi-matrix game the equilibrium point set which satisfies the Pareto optimality can be a good bargaining or coordination solution. Under the condition of incomplete information about the risk attitudes of the players, the bargaining or coordination solution depends on additional elements, namely, the players' methods of making inferences when they reach a node in the extensive form of the game that is off the equilibrium path. So the investigation about the players' inference type and its effects on the solution is essential. In addition to that, the effect of an individual's aversion to risk on various solutions in conflict problems, as expressed in his (her) utility function, must be considered. Those kinds of incomplete information make decision maker Bayesian, since it is often impossible to get correct information for building a decision making model. In Baysian point of view, this paper represents an analytic frame for guessing and learning opponent's attitude to risk for getting better reward. As an example for that analytic frame. 2 persons'bi-matrix game is considered. This example explains that a bi-matrix game can be transformed into a kind of matrix game through the players' implicitly cooperative attitude and the need of arbitration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.602-605
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• 2009

This study is intended to analyze unscientific concepts shared by high school students regarding planet movement; produce a learning program to address these concepts; and investigate what impact the application of the program to planet observation and classroom lessons may have on their grasp of planet movement and their attitudes toward science at large. Application of the learning program developed in this study to teaching and learning courses led to the discovery that the program is a useful tool to enhance students' understanding of planet movement. These results suggest that a variety of programs including planet movement activities that may keep students interested in science should be continued. The above study results may be utilized in geoscience teaching and learning. It is deemed necessary to develop better learning programs and study teaching and learning methods regarding not only planet movement but also other spheres.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-192
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to identify STEAM education program fit for club activities in consideration of the present curriculum and investigate its effect on science club students' self-efficacy and attitude toward science by applying it to science club students. In consideration of such chapters as 'Solar System' and 'Exosphere and Space Development' in the 2009 Revised Curriculum, this study developed a STEAM education program related to the observation of the solar system and the measurement of a distance of the stars in consideration of the present curriculum. For this study we selected 14 science club students in H Middle School, located in G Province and applied a 7 weeks' program to them. To find out change in their self-efficacy and attitude toward science, this study conducted tests of self-efficacy and attitude toward science for a single group before and after introducing this program and analyzed the results. The results of this study could be summarized as below. Firstly, science club activities with this STEAM education program applied improved students' self-efficacy significantly. Secondly, there was a significant difference found in students' attitude toward science through science club activities with this STEAM education program applied as they showed higher scores in the attitude toward science in the posttest than the pretest. Lastly, despite a research limit that this science inquiry program was conducted for a short period of time, this program was found to have positive effect on the improvement of students' self-efficacy and attitude toward science.

• 한국문화재보존과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.154-159
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• 2005

The most common conception of a work of art is as a unique object. In conservation the prevalent notion of authenticity is based on physical integrity, this guides judgements about loss. For the majority of traditional art objects, minimising change to the physical work means minimising loss, where loss is understood as compromising the (physical) integrity of a unique object, and this forms the focus of conservation. Fundamental to conservators' approach to the conservation of contemporary art is the notion that the artist's intent should guide conservators' practice. Since most of the artists creating installation art are living, it is possible to interview them about the details of the installation, attitudes to changing technology, parameters of acceptable change and their views about what aspects of the installation are essential to preserve. Conservation is no longer focused on intervening to repair the art object but has become concerned with documentation and determining what change is acceptable and managing those changes. In order to accurately install works in the future it is necessary to broaden our focus to include elements of an installation that affect the viewer's experience. This might mean documenting the space, the acoustics, the balance of the different channels of sound, the light levels and the way one enters and leaves the installation. These are as important as the more tangible or material elements in the conservation of the work. It is also necessary to work with industry and specialists outside the field of conservation to develop new skills to preserve and manage new types of objects in our care. We can also document the less tangible details of an installation such as the light levels, the character of the sound etc. This is a new area of conservation and as a profession our understanding and knowledge will deepen with time. All of these strategies work together to help to limit the risk of not being able to accurately install these works in the future. Deciding what can be changed and how to best care for any element of an installation will depend on its meaning and role. For both contemporary and traditional objects such decisions are documented by conservators and although the focus of the conservator may have moved away from the material object, the approach is still rooted in traditional notions of collection care.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.367-372
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• 2018

The supply of medical services using high-priced medical equipment is increasing due to the medicalization of medical science. The level of medical knowledge of medical consumers and the ability to select medical institutions are required to provide high quality medical services because of the popularization of medical information. As the attitudes of medical consumers toward medical institutions change, medical institutions also need to change their perception to improve customer satisfaction. The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference of medical service satisfaction according to the medical knowledge about the utility of PET / CT in order to change the consciousness structure of medical service. The results of this study showed that both medical satisfaction and environmental satisfaction were high in those who had medical knowledge about their own illness and the usefulness of PET / CT. Therefore, medical institutions will need a practical medical service countermeasures to provide medical information by noticing the changes in perception of the medical knowledge of medical consumers, rather than providing formal medical services.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.331-341
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• 2023

The goal of this study was to examine the PCK required for science teachers and PCK required for university teacher educators in terms of school science knowledge, science teaching and learning, and the role of science educators, which are the main axes of science education in future schools, and to explore the relationship between them. This study is a follow-up to a previous stage of research that explored the prospects for changes in schools in the future (2040-2050) in terms of school knowledge, educational methods, and teacher roles. Based on in-depth interviews, qualitative and semantic network analyses were conducted to derive and compare the characteristics of PCK and PCK. As for the main research results, science teacher PCK in future schools should include expertise in organizing science classes centered on convergence topics, expertise in digital platforms and ICT use, and expertise in building a network of learning communities and resources, as part of the expertise of human teachers differentiated from AI. Teacher educators' PCK includes expertise in the research and development of T-L methods using AI, expertise in the knowledge construction process and practice, and expertise in developing preservice teachers' research competencies. Discussed in the conclusion is the change in teacher PCK and teacher educator PCK with changes in science knowledge, such as convergence-type knowledge and cognition-value integrated knowledge; and the need to emphasize values, attitudes, and ethical judgments for the coexistence of humans and non-humans as school science knowledge in the post-humanism future society.