• 적정기술학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2020

적정기술은 해외 개발도상국 지역 주민의 환경과 수요에 맞추어 서로 다른 국가 및 국민들이 상호작용하는 공공외교의 틀로 비추어 볼 수 있을 것이다. 한국에서는 2016년에 공공외교법이 발효 되는 등 비교적 최근에 이르러서야 정부, 기관, 국민들이 참여하고 있으며, 한류 등 문화 분야에 집중되어 있는 현황이다. 이와 관련하여 해외 주요국과 한국의 과학기술 공공외교 현황을 비교해보고, 한국의 강점 및 발전 가능성, 평가 관리에 대해서 고찰해 보고자 한다. 적정기술과 과학기술을 공공외교의 틀에서 접근한다면 한국 및 현지의 각 참여자들이 유기적으로 협력을 도모할 수 있는 기회가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.85-110
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• 2015

Science and technology diplomacy has become an important policy agenda because of its diplomatic utility and enhancing of international science networks. However, different countries possess different objectives and governance of S&T diplomacy. In this context, this paper seeks to answer the following questions: what are the similarities and differences of S&T diplomacy in countries and what shapes these characteristics? To answer these questions, this paper conducts a comparative case study with five countries - Switzerland, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States - whose S&T diplomatic programs are highly recognized and benchmarked by other countries. A useful typology is devised to conduct a systematic comparison. For S&T diplomatic objectives, this paper suggests five types by elaborating concepts from the previous literature: access diplomacy, promotion diplomacy, public aid diplomacy, functional diplomacy, and global leadership diplomacy. Also, in terms of a governance model for S&T diplomacy, three models - a sciencecentered model, a science-outsourcing model and a top-down coordinating model - are suggested based on leadership organization. This paper reveals the different characteristics of the selected countries in S&T diplomacy. While the selected countries pursue almost every type of S&T diplomatic objective, the US and the UK tend to conduct influence-based diplomacy more than other countries do. In addition, different countries each have unique governance models for S&T diplomacy. While more research is necessary for vigorously testing the causes of different objectives and their relationship with governance models, this paper suggests more general policy implications throughout. The strength of the country's S&T base is fundamentally important for the success of S&T diplomacy. However, domestic S&T assets need to be transferred to its diplomatic capabilities. In this sense, the appropriate governance that fits best with the country's S&T mission should be established, while S&T communities should increasingly play a leadership role in evolving global S&T networks.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.216-227
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• 2020

두 국가가 본격적으로 외교적 협약을 진행하기 전 우호적인 분위기를 만들기 위해서나, 국가간 정치적 우호 관계를 지속하기 위한 목적 등으로 과학외교를 사용한다. 최근에는 과학기술이 국가 발전에 미치는 영향이 커짐에 따라서 과학외교에 대한 관심이 더욱 집중되고 있다. 과학외교를 수행하기 위해 두 국가가 서로 흥미를 가질 수 있는 협동연구주제를 찾는 것은 전문가 집단에 의해 추천에 의해 이뤄진다. 그러나 이 방법은 전문가의 주관적 판단에 의지하기 때문에 편향성과 이에 따른 문제가 존재한다. 개인적 및 조직적 편향, 유명한 연구자의 후광효과, 전문가마다 다른 추천기준 등이 있을 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 전문가 기반의 방식이 가지는 문제점을 극복하기 위해 한국에서 시도된 빅데이터 기반의 외교를 위한 연구주제 추천방법을 소개한다. 빅데이터를 분석하기 위한 알고리즘은 전통적인 연구분야인 계량서지학 뿐만 아니라 최신 딥러닝 기술을 사용한다. 제안된 방식은 한국과 헝가리 간의 과학외교에 사용되었으며, 데이터기반 주제선정 방식의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.27-46
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is two-fold: first, to discuss the concept of health diplomacy and the Korean government's response to contain the COVID-19 pandemic; second, to assess and compare assumptions of variances about foreigners' perceptions of how Korea is leveraging digital technology in battling the coronavirus spread, and its vaccine campaign; through the lenses of Chinese, Filipino, and Pakistani foreign nationals who are currently living in Korea. A total of 219 foreigners responded to the survey. The collected data were analyzed as percentages, mean averages, t-test, and ANOVA for statistical analysis. Results show that Korea is utilizing its digital technology practices and vaccine campaign in battling the pandemic through efforts of health diplomacy. ANOVA indicated significant results and assumptions of variance across three ethnic groups showing the Pakistani population had higher mean scores than the Chinese and Filipino about Korea's health diplomacy during the pandemic. This study contributes to the literature on Korea's digital technology practices and vaccine campaigns amidst the COVID-19 pandemic by promoting its image through health diplomacy efforts. It projects the country's soft image on a global scale, to save the lives of locals and foreign nationals, by providing insights into health diplomacy in Korea.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.154-161
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• 2022

The Korean government has recently invigorated the activities of public diplomacy. It is based on the Public Diplomacy Act enacted in 2016. However, there is a widespread concern that it was belatedly enacted and showed necessity to a revision. We believe that this paper contains three contributions which were not sufficiently addressed before. First, we identify the current state of public diplomacy-related legislation in Korea. Second, we argue the necessity to critically review the legal adequacy of Public Diplomacy Act with a consideration of rapidly changing external environment. Lastly, we propose several ways of revision for the future development of public diplomacy in Korea. When revising the Act, it is necessary to make clear a legal connection between the general law and the special law as in the case of the Korea Foundation Act and the Public Diplomacy Act. In this regard, it is worth examining the relationship between the Framework Act on International Development Cooperation and related norms. In addition, the role of the private sector and subnational governments should be expanded. For this purpose, a method and level of cooperation with the private sector should be clearly defined.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

In 2015, the State Council of South Korea finalized its goal to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by "37% from the business-as-usual (BAU) level" by 2030 across all the economic sectors. Of that reduction, 4.5% will be achieved overseas by leveraging Emission Trading Systems (ETS) aided by international cooperation. In line with this, considering both the demand for and supply of the carbon market increased after the Paris agreement, the importance of public diplomacy in negotiating climate change actions also rose. This study aimed to analyze the impact of international discussions such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on domestic policies and the types of public diplomatic climate change policies pursued by different government agencies, and draw implications from them. This study attempted to find implications from the Korean government's public diplomacy on climate change for developing countries. Lessons learned regarding Korea's public diplomacy would provide a practical guidance to the Asian developing countries, which are suffering from environmental crisis at a phase of rapid economic growth.

• 우주기술과 응용
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.195-205
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• 2022

우주탐사는 지구관측, 통신, 항법 등 어떠한 우주활동보다 국제공조가 활발히 일어나는 분야이다. 이는 지구 근처에서의 우주활동보다 심우주 탐사를 위해 갖추어야 하는 발사체, 관제, 통신, 유인 우주거주시설 등의 인프라를 한 나라가 온전히 갖추기 위해서는 막대한 예산을 필요로 하며, 지속가능하지 않기 때문이다. 우리나라는 2021년 아르테미스 약정에 서명하고, 2022년 다누리 달 궤도선을 발사함으로써 인류의 심우주 탐사 대장정에 본격적으로 동참하려는 의지를 표명하였다. 심우주 탐사의 시작은 우리나라의 우주활동이 이제 기술개발에만 매진하는 단계를 지나 다른 나라와 동행하기 위해 필요한 규범을 정하고 노출되는 문제해결을 위해 외교적으로 공조해야 하는 단계로 확장되었음을 의미한다. 본 논문은 가장 활발히 아르테미스 프로그램에 참여하고 있으며, 우주 분야에서 외교력을 십분 발휘하고 있는 유럽의 우주정책과 우주탐사를 과학기술외교 관점에서 분석하였다. 유럽의 우주정책, 우주탐사전략, 우주탐사 프로그램으로 연계되는 상위 정책과 하위 프로젝트 단위에 이르는 우주활동에서 국제협력 전략의 전개를 살펴봄으로써 과학기술외교 관점에서 우리나라 우주탐사전략에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2023

The core of the foreign policy of the Yoon Suk-yeol government is the promotion of active economic and security diplomacy as indicated in Policy Tasks No. 98. To this end, economic consultative bodies such as Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement(RCEP), Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), and Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) are taking the initiative to respond to the formation of supply chain, human rights, environment, and digital-related norms, and actively support Korean companies' overseas expansion. Due to the nature of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries (MOF) as an organization established centered on the space of the ocean, the MOF faces difficulties in bringing the functions of other ministries into the space of the ocean. Considering the vision, objectives, and detailed plans of the MOF, the contribution of the MOF in the field of active economic security, one of the main foreign policies of the Yoon Suk-yeol government, is perhaps too obvious. However, since the re-launch of the MOF, the ODA budget for the oceans and fisheries sector is too small compared to other ministries, so even if new policy demands are discovered, there are many difficulties in implementing these policies in practice. Recognizing these problems, this paper examines the background and contents of foreign policies that have been promoted for the efficient promotion of RCEP, CPTPP and IPEF and introduces the areas of cooperation in the oceans and fisheries sector in these foreign policies.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.294-315
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• 2021

Since the division of South and North Korea in 1945, there has been little exchange in science and technology, despite some interchange in a few fields including the chemistry area. Accordingly, the difference in scientific and technological terminology between the two Koreas has become intensified. This is because North Korea carried out a campaign to purify the Korean language and blocked the inflow of foreign words. They also tried to convert into their own North Korean terms in many fields. This circumstance in North Korea aggravated the heterogeneity of inter-Korean scientific and technological terms. In particular, the heterogeneity of chemical terminology has worsened due to the different characteristics of the technology donor countries such as the United States and Japan in South Korea, and China and the Soviet Union in North Korea between the two Koreas and the different way of technological development. The purpose of this study is to collect chemical terminology data used in two Koreas and analyze similarities and differences. Through comparative analysis of inter-Korean terminology in the chemical field, it can be possible to recognize how the chemical terms between the two Koreas have changed since the division and the degree of heterogeneity based on different technical systems and language policies. The outcome of this study would present basic data on the unification of chemical terminology in preparation for before and after unification, and contribute to communication and academic exchange between researchers in the inter-Korean scientific and technological fields, including chemistry.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.693-705
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• 2012

최근 들어 기술협력의 필요성은 세계 각국에서 점점 더 증대하고 있는데, 이러한 기술개발을 위한 국제적 협력은 비용과 위험을 분산시키며, 또한 개발된 기술의 오용을 방지하고, 기업의 해외시장접근을 용이하게 하는 주요한 방법이기 때문이다. 현재 한국의 과학기술외교는 과학과 기술혁신의 기초를 강화하기 위한 관련 기술들을 보장하는데 목적을 두고, 과학기술에 있어서의 국제협력에 중점을 두고 있다. 사실상, 이러한 과학기술 관련 국제협력은 거버넌스 이슈로서, 기업들을 국제화하는 것에 연계되지만, 한국의 중소기업 같은 작은 회사에 있어, 일정기간 동안 보다 우위의 기술적 이점을 유지하는 것은 쉽지 않으며, 나아가 한국의 중소기업은 축적된 정보와 경험이 제한된 이유로 국제 R&D 역시 어려운 실정이다. 따라서 이러한 상황을 타개하고자, 본고는 한국 중소기업의 기술적 이점을 유지하는 그리고 과학기술의 국제협력을 강화하는, 역할조정자(혹은 역할자)로서 '중소기업 코디네이터'라는 새로운 개념을 제안한다. 곧 본고의 '중소기업 코디네이터'는 한국중소기업의 산업에 있어서의 R&D국제화를 위한 국제적인 과학기술협력을 조력하기 위한 목적에서, 적당한 파트너와 능력 있는 종업원에 대한 적합한 정보를 제공할 뿐만 아니라, '닫힌 혁신'이 아닌 '열린 혁신'으로 이끈다.