• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.506-515
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• 2018

Objectives: We investigated the operation needs of school meal support centers (SMSC) in Chungnam-do based on analysis of nutrition teachers' perception of them. Methods: The Chungnam government established the first SMSC in 2012. Thirteen SMSCs are currently being operated in Chungnam-do. To analyze the results quantitatively, we investigated nutrition teachers opinions regarding the necessity for SMSCs as a dependent variable and derived the independent variables based on the causal relationships with dependent variables using the ordered logit model. Those independent variables included region, school type, number of students, attitude regarding free meal policy, satisfaction with school meal policy, and preference for local food. Results: Briefly, teachers in the region in which the SMSC was located more strongly supported the SMSC. In addition, teachers in public schools with a smaller number of students believed that having a SMSC is more beneficial, and that other variables also affected the necessity for SMSCs. Moreover, nutrition teachers preferred local foods rather than organic foods because of the unstable supply of organic foods. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it was recommended that the local government implement the policy consistently. Moreover, it was recommended that the government operate the SMSC more efficiently, enhance the roles of the SMSC as the local organization responsible for student nutritional planing and expand the coverage of agricultural products.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2007

Deviation behavior of adolescents is often expressed as clothing behavior being against the social or school rules. To understand the relationship between social variables and clothing behavior of adolescents, the study investigated the effect of social variables on the deviation attitude and behavior related to clothing. Survey was utilized to collect the data and subjects were 411 female high school students. Regression analysis were used to analyze the data. The results were as follows : The closer relationship female high school students had with their parents, the more negative attitude they took toward clothing deviation and the less they committed the deviant behaviors related to clothing. The results explained that the close relationships with adolescents and their parents kept adolescents from committing the deviant behaviors related to clothing. The subjects who were interested in studying and well adapted for their school life, not only took a negative attitude toward clothing deviation but also committed the deviant behaviors related to clothing less than the other subjects did. The level of social deviation of their friends had an effect on the attitude and experience toward clothing deviation more than the relationship with their parents or school life did. The understanding of the relationship between social variables and clothing deviation would help to decrease the clothing deviation of adolescents by controling the social variables.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.93-96
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• 2017

Spatial variations of physicochemical and microbiological variables were examined to understand spatial heterogeneity of those variables in intertidal flat. Variograms were constructed for understanding spatial autocorrelations of variables by a geostatistical analysis and spatial correlations between two variables were evaluated by applications of a Cross-Mantel test with a Monte Carlo procedure (with 999 permutations). Water content, organic matter content, pH, nitrate, sulfate, chloride, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), four extracellular enzyme activities (${\beta}-glucosidase$, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, phosphatase, arylsulfatase), and bacterial diversity in soil were measured along a transect perpendicular to shore line. Most variables showed strong spatial autocorrelation or no spatial structure except for DOC. It was suggested that complex interactions between physicochemical and microbiological properties in sediment might controls DOC. Intertidal flat sediment appeared to be spatially heterogeneous. Bacterial diversity was found to be spatially correlated with enzyme activities. Chloride and sulfate were spatially correlated with microbial properties indicating that salinity in coastal environment would influence spatial distributions of decomposition capacities mediated by microorganisms. Overall, it was suggested that considerations on the spatial distributions of physicochemical and microbiological properties in intertidal flat sediment should be included when sampling scheme is designed for decomposition processes in intertidal flat sediment.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.135-147
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• 2002

This study was to examine the differences in the levels of etiquette consciousness and performance of adolescents according to individual variables (sex, school, and self-esteem), family-related variables (parents' age and education level, and subjectively perceived living standard), and. etiquette-related variables (communication on etiquette, experience of etiquette education, parents' interest of and necessity. of etiquette education). The subjects were 394 middle and high school students in Jeonju. Such statistictical methods as t-test, F-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and stepwise regression analysis were performed for this research. Results showed that the levels of etiquette consciousness and performance were slightly high. Among the domains of etiquette consciousness and performance, the levels of bowing manner and public etiquette were found to be relatively high. The etiquette consciousness and performance were different. according to adolescents' self-esteem, subjective living standard, and such etiquette variables as communication on etiquette, experience of etiquette education, parent's interest and necessity of etiquette education. Communication on etiquette was the most powerful variable influencing adolescents' etiquette performance. The results implied that the etiquette education need to be performed both in family and in school.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.395-404
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a predictive model for happiness of students in general high schools. The study was based on the theory of happiness integration and the literature review. Methods: Data were collected using a convenience sample of 231 first and second grade students in five general high schools in D city and K Province. The exogenous variables were optimism as personality factors, parenting attitude, academic stress and friend's support as happiness. The endogenous variables were self-esteem and resilience as mediating variables, and happiness of students in general high schools. Data collection was done from March 14 to March 28, 2019. The AMOS 22.0 and SPSS programs were used to verify the validity of confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis models. Results: The factors that have the greatest influence on happiness of high school students are self-esteem and resilience. The explanatory power of happiness by these variables was 98.1%. The individual mediating effect and double mediation effect of these variables were found to be significant. Conclusion: As student's optimistic personality, parent's positive parenting attitude, and friend's support improve student's self-esteem and resilience, ultimately positively affecting high school students' happiness, so it is necessary to consider these factors and try to develop a happiness improvement program.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.12
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• pp.139-154
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to determine the variables affecting adolescents' conformity behavior in bullying. The study subjects were 753 middle school and high school students. The data were analyzed using Chi-Square, ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analysis. The major findings are as follows. 1. The variables affecting bully-conformity behavior were sympathy, close friends to confide in, anxiety, social skills, and family harmony. The variables affecting victim-conformity behavior were social skills, sex, attitude toward school atmosphere, anxiety, and sympathy. The variables affecting onlooker behavior were anxiety, sex, and close friends to confide in. 2. Sympathy, self-esteem and social skills were higher in the victim-conformity group than in the other two groups. Anxiety was higher in the onlooker group than in the other two groups. In the case of the victim-conformity group compared to the bully-conformity group, the parents showed more generous attitude toward their children, a more harmonious atmosphere existed within family members, and the group showed better relationship with teachers. Finally, the victim-conformity group showed a positive attitude toward school atmosphere, compared to the other two groups.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6477-6480
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• 2015

Purpose: Given the importance of sun protection in the prevention of skin cancer, this study was designed to determine predictors of sun-protective practices among a sample of Iranian female college students based on protection motivation theory (PMT) variables. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 201 female college students in Iran University of Medical Sciences were selected. Demographic and PMT variables were assessed with a 67-item questionnaire. Multiple linear regression was used to identify demographic and PMT variables that were associated with sun-protective practices and intention. Results: one percent of participants always wore a hat with a brim, 3.5% gloves and 15.9% sunglasses while outdoors. Only 10.9% regularly had their skin checked by a doctor. Perceived rewards, response efficacy, fear, self-efficacy and marital status were the five variables which could predict 39% variance of participants intention to perform sun-protective practices. Also, intention and response cost explained 31% of the variance of sun-protective practices. Conclusions: These predictive variables may be used to develop theory-based education interventions to prevent skin cancer among college students.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.90-100
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• 2004

This study has the goal to modify ‘Investigating and Evaluating Environmental Issues and Actions’(IEEIA) instruction in the sense of Korean ecological sociocultural characteristics and ‘ecology and environment' curriculum and to assess the effects of modified IEEIA instruction on responsible environmental behavior and associated variables in high school student. A modified pre- and post-test nonequivalent control group design was utilized with 4 intact classes from J-high school at Seo-cheon, Chungcheongnamdo. Pre- and post-test data were collected on the following variables: responsible environmental behavior, knowledge of and skill in using environmental actions strategies, in-depth knowledge about issues, and locus of control. Analysis of t-test was used to compare pretest with posttest means of treatment group and control group. In treatment group, statistically significant differences between pretest and posttest were found with all variables. The treatment was found to be more effective than the control in increasing the variables of responsible environmental behavior, knowledge of and skill in using environmental actions strategies, and locus of control.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.175-189
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• 2020

A set of relatively simple five local shear and tension failure variables is presented and then implemented into a generalized poroelastic hydromechanical numerical model to analyze failure potential and stability of variably saturated geologic media. These five local shear and tension failure variables are formulated from geometrical relationships between the Mohr circle and the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion superimposed with the tension cutoff, which approximate together the Mohr effective stress failure envelope. Finally, fully coupled groundwater flow and land deformation in two variably saturated geologic media, which are associated with a slope (Case 1) and a tunnel (Case 2), respectively, and their failure potential and stability are simulated using the resultant hydromechanical numerical model. The numerical simulation results of both cases show that shear and tension failure potential and stability of variably saturated geologic media can be analyzed numerically simply and efficiently and even better by using the five local shear and tension failure variables as a set than by using the conventional factors of safety against shear and tension failures only.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.189-191
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• 2015

The calibration of the period luminosity relation (PLR) for Galactic Mira variables is one of the principle aims of the VERA project. We observe $H_2O$ maser emission at 22 GHz associated with Mira variables in order to determine their distances based on annual parallaxes. We conduct multi-epoch VLBI observations over 1-2 years with a typical interval of one month using VERA in order to obtain annual parallaxes with an accuracy of better than than 10%. Recently, the annnual parallax of T Lep was determined to be $3.06{\pm}0.04$ mas corresponding to a distance of $327{\pm}4pc$ (Nakagawa et al., 2014). The circumstellar distribution and kinematics of $H_2O$ masers was also revealed. With accurate distances to the sources, calibrations of K-band absolute magnitudes ($M_K$) can be improved compared to conventional studies. By compiling Mira variables whose distances were determined with astrometric VLBI, we obtained a PLR of $M_K=3.51logP+1.37{\pm}0.07$.