• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2001

The health of a nurse is very important because her mental and physical health can influence toward nursing patients directly, Especially, Cancer patients are growing annually. Also, terminal cancer patients' nursing and dead place are increasingly using hospital and the period of nursing for cancer patients are increasing. Nursing for cancer patients are different with acute disease. Therefore, I analysed comparing nurses' health working in cancer and general ward so that nurses working at cancer ward could be developed as a professional nurse, and I wanted to establish the foundation of nursing administration and reasonable manpower management to supply good quality of nursing to patients. In my research, I selected 117 nurses working in cancer ward and 134 nurses working in general word to analyse the stress rate and nurse's health comparing nurses working in general ward and cancer ward. The survey was conducted of nurses working in cancer ward nurses in 2 university hospitals, nurses working in a cancer hospital, and general ward nurses working in 3 public hospital. Also, the data was collected from Sep. 13, 2001 to Sep. 28, 2001. As health measuring tool, I used Cornell Medical Index(CMI) which are developed to fit Koreans by Ko Ungrin and Park Hang-bas (1980) using Cornell Medical Services which were designed by Weiser, Brosman, Mittelman, Wechler, Wolff in Cornell University(1945). As working stress measuring tool, I used Questionaries which were designed by Kim Mae-ja and Ku Mi-ok(1984) and then developed by Bae In-sook(1996). For managing the data, I used frequency, percentage, ${\chi}^2$ verification, t-test, and F-test (ANOVA). And in the case of significant data(p<.05). I did Duncan's test for post verification. The mutual relation between health condition and working stress rate have been conducted using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. Followings are the results of my research. 1. Two groups showed significant differency at age after testing homogeneous character between two groups (${\chi}^2$ =9.919, p=.007). 2. Comparing two group's health condition, cancer ward(average 19.35${\pm}$18.34) were higher than general ward(14.42${\pm}$10.59) and showed statistical significant differency(p=.009). And, comparing two group's mental condition, cancer ward(9.00${\pm}$9.79) were higher than general ward(7.13${\pm}$6.35) and statistically no differency. 3. After comparing two group's working stress rate, the rate of cancer ward nurse's working stress(3.36${\pm}$.50) is higher than general ward nurse (3.32${\pm}$.48). There are no significant differency. However, in the detailed verification test, there were significant differency at inappropriate compensation (t=3.254, p=.001) and medication issue (t=2.170, p=.031). 4. After comparing health condition at general points, physical health condition showed significant differency at age(p=.020), the number of children (p=.015), religion (p=.015), position(p=.005), career(p=.008), working satisfaction(p=.003), activity after office hour(p=.045); and mental health condition showed significant differency at position(p=.010), career (p=.017), working satisfaction (p=.003). 5. After comparing the working stress rate according to general points, there were significant differency at working satisfaction (F=5.285, p=.006), predicted nursing(F=3.822, p=.023). 6. At the relation of health condition and working stress rate between two groups. physical and mental condition showed significant relation with working stress rate. i.e, if a nurse's health condition is not good, she are feeling much more stress than others. After considering all the factors in my research, I found that the health condition and stress rate of cancer ward nurses is much higher than general ward nurses. Considering that cancer ward nurses is necessary to care for increasing cancer patients with mental and physical nursing, the less stress for cancer ward nurses is very important to develop nursing quality and working efficiency by keeping good health condition, specializing cancer ward nurses. Therefore, we need following studies to find the factors which are effecting to cancer ward nurses' health and specialization. Also, we need to improve managing working condition to decrease working stress by improving working condition.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.1058-1064
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• 2008

Purpose : This study aimed to assess current knowledge of and training experiences with the intraosseous (IO) line among emergency medicine (EM) and pediatric residents who care for critically ill children and to evaluate the educational effectiveness of the IO line workshop. Methods : During May and June 2008, a workshops on IO line insertion was held for EM and pediatric residents. The workshop comprised a 45-min lecture and a 15-min hands-on session. A semi-drill type EZ-IO machine was used for education. Self-assessment questionnaires gauged residents knowledge of and experiences with IO line insertion or bone marrow (BM) examination and their confidence with IO line insertion before and after the workshop. Performance tests were completed for skill evaluation. Results : Forty-five pediatric residents and 22 EM residents participated in the workshop. The pre-educational questionnaire revealed that EM residents had more educational experience in IO line insertion than pediatric residents (P<0.001), while pediatric residents reported more experience in BM examination (P<0.001). The post-educational questionnaire showed a statistically significant higher percentage of correct answers (P<0.001). Although the pediatric residents inserted an IO line more quickly (P=0.001), most residents (88.7%) succeeded in IO line insertion on their first attempt; there was no difference in the groups success rates. Both groups showed higher confidence in performing IO line insertion after training (P<0.001). Conclusion : Observed educational effectiveness in both knowledge and confidence of IO line insertion skill suggest educational opportunities for pediatric and EM residents should be increased.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.669-678
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• 1996

Helicobacter pylori is now recognized as causative agent of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer, and strongly associated with development of gastric carcinoma. With development of sensitive and specific serologic tests to identify individuals infected with Helicobacter pylori, the epidemiologic study of this diseases has been investigated. But it's transmission route is not established, yet. The purpose of this study is to measure the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in healthy children and young adults and to evaluate related factors for Helicobacter pylori infection in Korea. The seroprevalence of Ig G antibodies to Helicobacter pylori was determined using a Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay and we obtained the information, such as demographic characteristics, monthly household income, numbers of family members in the house, numbers of persons using same room, type of house, and type of drinking water through the questionnaire survey. The observed overall seropositivity rate was 25.7%. The rate is increased progressively from 5.8% in the age group $1\sim3$ years to 44.4% in the age group $20\sim29$years($\chi^2$ for trend, p<0.001). Especially, the rate increased steeply from 6.5% in the age group $4\sim6$ years to 20.8% in the age group $7\sim9$ years, and this suggested that elementary school age was the major acquisition time of Helicobacter pylori infection. In multivariate logistic regression model, age, numbers of family members in the house, and type of house was statistically significant variables for Helicobacter pylori infection. Each odds ratio(93% CI) were as follows; base to age group $1\sim9$ years, age group $10\sim19$ years $3.6(2.0\sim6.4)$, age group $20\sim29$ years $7.3(4.1\sim13.1)$ and base to group of $1\sim3$ family members, group of $4\sim5$ family members $2.1(1.1\sim4.0)$, group of 6 or more family members $2.7(1.3\sim5.4)$ and base to apartment, single and multihouse $1.9(1.1\sim3.5)$. Sex, monthly household income, numbers of persons using same room, and type of drinking water was not statistically significant for Helicobacter pylori infection.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.632-642
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate effect of education for breastfeeding on practice of breastfeeding 171 primiparae (experimental group with education 83 and control group without education 88) who gave birth in hospitals located in Taegu City from October 25, 1999 to December 25, 1999 and planned to breastfeed their children after childbirth. The results of this study were as follows. 1) The experimental group's practice rate of breast-feeding was statistically higher than the control group's at the points of two weeks, four weeks, eight weeks and twelve weeks after childbirth(p<0.05). However, the rate at the points of sixteen weeks and twenty weeks after childbirth was higher in the experimental group than in the control group but there was no significant difference between both groups. 2) The experimental group's discontinuance rate of breast-feeding was lower than the control group's at all the points of two weeks, four weeks, eight weeks, twelve weeks, sixteen weeks and twenty weeks after childbirth, and it was statistically significant(p<0.05). The discontinuance rate of breast-feeding at the point of four weeks after childbirth was the highest in both groups. It accounted for 25.5% in the experimental group and 36.8% in the control group. 3) The reason of which the rate appeared to be the highest among those for discontinuance of breast-feeding was the lack of breast milk. The rate accounted for 65.5% in the experimental group and 50.7% in the control group. In conclusion, the study suggested that the education for encouraging breast-feeding provided to the primiparae after childbirth has an positive effect on the practice of breast-feeding.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

Object of this research is to estimate the effect of myopia correction and safety on reverse geometry contact lens fitting in school children. This research include 53(106eyes) schoolchildren among 7 to 18 years who has low to moderate myopia(-1.00D~-5.00D) and prescribed reverse geometry contact lens for purpose on orthokeratology between January to July 2004 and had 3months full follow up examination. They were tested for slit lamp examinations, BUT(Break up time), direct ophthalmoscopy, retinoscopy, uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, autorefraction, autokeratometry and corneal topography in each examination(1day, 1week, 2weeks, 1, 2, and 3months) of before-and-after lens wearing to find out the effect of myopic correction and side effect. The results came out as follow. The average of uncorrected visual acuity was $0.0938{\pm}0.378$ before lens wear and $0.3136{\pm}0.283$ after 1day lens wear, and there was fast improvement after 1week($0.7925{\pm}0.301$) and little improvement after 2weeks period but still they shows better uncorrected visual acuity(p<0.01). The result of this study, the reverse geometry lens is very useful to correct refractive error and control the progression of myopia temporally among low to moderate myopic patient. The side effects were relatively rare but further study should be necessary with long term lens wear effect on eye health. For the lens prescription, the clinical fitting process had higher rate of success with consideration of eccentricity and corneal topography.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.1082-1089
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• 2005

Purpose : Abdominal obesity is encountered as a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, the anthropometric cut-off value to estimate the cardiovascular risk, has not been suggested. This study was designed to find the relationship between the abdominal fat and various parameters of obesity to find the cardiovascular risk factors related to abdominal obesity and to establish practical methods to measure them. Methods : Twenty seven obese Korean adolescents of moderate to severe degree and 22 healthy adolescents were enrolled. The body mass index(BMI), arm circumference and skinfold thickness were measured. Furthermore, blood lipid, sugar, insulin and four different cytokines' levels were checked and the distribution of body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat thickness by abdominal ultrasonography(US) and the total and intra-abdominal fat area by abdominal computerized tomography(CT) were measured in the obese group. Results : The most accurate method to measure abdominal fat in children is abdominal CT and the fat mass measured by bioelectrical impedance was strongly correlated with it(r=0.954). It was also correlated with arm circumference, fat thickness measured by abdominal US, BMI, aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and triglyceride level. Conclusion : Abdominal CT is the most accurate method to measure intra-abdominal fat, and it can be replaced by abdominal US for cost effectiveness. The screening methods that can be used at school or in outpatient basis include bioelectrical impedance, waist/hip ratio, and arm circumference. The cardiovascular risk factors include leptin, triglyceride and insulin level.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2003

Purpose : Every year, there is a remarkable increase in the prevalence of children with excess body fat. The aim of this study is to find a useful screening method in assessing adolescent, obesity and to specify the predictable risk factors that are related to adult cardiovascular disease according to BMI and obesity index. Methods : From July to November in 2001, a total of 2,814(male : female=2,011 : 803) mid to high school students who were in the obesity range according to obesity index(>20%) were evaluated according to height, weight, body mass index(BMI), obesity index, and serum lipid levels. Results : Among the obese students over 20% by obesity index, 86.6% were over the range of 95 percentile by BMI. Among students defined as obese by BMI, 21.0% of males and 21.4% of females students had hypercholesterolemia; by obesity index, the ratio was 20.7% male and 19.0% female. The frequency of hypertriglyceremia in male students was 15.0% in group I(overweight group, 85P97p); in female students 11.8%, 20.7% and 28.2% respectively. Conclusion : In this study, using BMI alone to test the serum lipid level in adolescent obesity had a limit of 10.0-17.0% omission. Therefore using obesity index as a screening method to find the adult cardiovascular disease would rather reduce the omission rate. The risk factor of cardiovascular disease according to BMI was the increasing level of triglyceride in both male and female students. We think that using the obesity index has more rationale rather than BMI in assessing lipid profiles.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

Changgyeongwon emerged as pleasure grounds following the creation of a museum, zoo and botanical garden in Changgyeonggung Palace during the Japanese colonial period. Pleasure grounds offer space for entertainment and have maintained the image of a paradise apart from reality. This study examined the creation process of pleasure grounds within a royal palace and the following spatial changes. By analyzing the image of Changgyeongwon as an artificial paradise, this study explored its landscape and cultural aspects. Literature reviews on the intention and process showed that the Changgyeongwon pleasure grounds were created as a 'royal garden' for the amusement of Sunjong, as well as 'public pleasure grounds' in the process of colonization. It was one of the first public spaces open to everyone who could afford the entrance fee. The layout of Changgyeongwon was studied by a comparison and analyzation of modern plans and photographs. It was composed of the central museum zone, northern botanical garden zone, and southern zoological garden zone. A conservatory and greenhouse to exhibit and maintain tropical plants were intensively built in the botanical garden zone while an aviary was created on the zoo pond. In the vicinity of the aviary a vivarium was constructed. Museum exhibition facilities included a main building as well as existing buildings, and a western flower garden was created between the buildings. Space for children including a playground and horse-riding course were created in the 1930's. The paradisiacal image and pleasure grounds culture of Changgyeongwon were studied as follows. Firstly, it shows that Changgyeongwon's paradisiacal image where rare animals and exotic plants were open to the public was promoted by the zoo and botanical garden. This led to the creation of new popular leisure activities such as flower appreciation and animal watching. Secondly, Changgyeongwon offered an urban leisure space, symbolizing the 'non-urban nature within the city' where the urban residents could escape from the daily routine. Thirdly, Changgyeongwon was known for its 'fantastic night landscape' by its night opening during the cherry blossom season. This cherry blossom viewing at night sadly degenerated by various shows and drinking, and as a result, an image of a deviant paradise was given to Changgyeongwon. Changgyeongwon contributed to creating a new space with its diverse facilities, and the public embraced the urban culture through experiences of pleasure and entertainment.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.899-908
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• 2004

The rise of income and introduction of 5 day a week working system give korean people opportunities to enjoy their leisure time. And many korean people have much interest in oceanic sports such as yachting and also oceanic leisure equipments. With the popularization and development of the equipments, the scope of oceanic activities has been expanding in Korea just as in the advanced oceanic countries. However, The current conditions for the sports in Korea are not advanced and even worse than underdeveloped countries. In order to develop the underdeveloped resources of Korean marina, we need to customize the marina models of advanced nations to serve the specific needs and circumstances of Korea As such we have carried out a comparative analysis of how Austrailia, Newzealand, Singapore, japan and Malaysia operate their marina, reaching the following conclusions. Firstly, in marina operations, in order to protect personal property rights and to preserve the environment, we must operate membership and non-membership, profit and non-profit schemes separately, yet without regulating the dress code entering or leaving the club house. Secondly, in order to accumulate greater value added, new sporting events should be hosted each year. There is also the need for an active use of volunteers, the generation of greater interest in yacht tourism, and the simplification of CIQ procedures for foreign yachts as well as the provision of language services. Thirdly, a permanent yacht school should be established, and classes should be taught by qualified instructors. Beginners, intermediary, and advanced learner classes should be managed separately with special emphasis on the dinghy yacht program for children. Fourthly, arrival and departure at the moorings must be regulated autonomically, and there must be systematic measures for the marina to be able, in part, to compensate for loss and damages to equipment, security and surveillance after usage fees have been paid for. Fifthly, marine safety personnel must be formed in accordance with Korea's current circumstances from civilian organizations in order to be used actively in benchmarking, rescue operations, and oceanic searches at times of disaster at sea.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.98-104
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• 1998

A 12-year-old girl with a 6 year history of childhood-onset schizophrenia required 2 hospitalizations and long-term clozapine trial due to inadequate responses to combinations of typical neuroleptics and traditional treatments of schizophrenic disorder. On admission, she had continuous auditory and visual hallucinations, persecutory delusion, emotional instability, regression of behaviors including temper tantrums as well as specific developmental delays in learning, language, and motor coordination. The clozapine trial significantly reduced most of the positive symptoms, and facilitated in successful discharge from the hospital. During the 4 year clozapine treatment, no significant adverse reactions were noted, and she returned to a structured school setting with minimal degrees of schizophrenic symptoms. From this clinical experience, we suggest that clozapine might be safe and effective in treating treatment-refractory schizophrenic children.