• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1999

목적 : HL60 세포주에서 PMA(phorbol 12-myrisate 13-acetate) 및 DMSO(dlmethyisulfoxlde) 에 의해 분화가 유도될 때 감소되는 특성을 보이는 K872 클론에 대한 염기 서열, 조직 분포, 단백 분리 등을 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 QIA plasmid extraction kit(Qiagen GmbH, Germany)를 이용하여 사람의 모유두 세포 pBluescript phagemid cDNA library로부터 K872 클론을 추출하였다. Sanger's dideoxy nucleotide chain-termination method을 이용하여, 추출한 K872 클론의 염기 서열을 분석하였다. BLAST(Basic Local Alignment Search Tools) 프로그램으로 유전자은행의 염기 서열과의 상동성을 검색하였다. K872 클론으로 만든 probe로 다양한 인간 조직 및 암세포주로부터 분리한 RNA에 대하여 nothern blot을 시행하였다. His-Patch Thifusion expression system을 이용하여 대장균 배지에 0.1mM IPTG(Isopropyl-$\beta$-thlogalactopyranoslde) 를 첨가해서 결합단백의 유전자 발현을 유도하였다. 결합단백이 함유된 용출액을 SDS-PAGE에 걸어서 발현된 단백을 확인하였다. 결과 : K872 클론은 675개의 코딩 영역과 280개의 코딩과 관련없는 영역으로 구성된 1006개의 염기로 구성됨을 관찰하였다. 해독틀로 추정되는 부분은 시작 코돈을 포함하여 길6개의 아미노산을 형성하고 단백 산물의 분자량은 25,560 Da으로 추정되었다. 추정 아미노산 배열은 쥐의 glutathlone S-transferase kappa 1(rGSTKl) 의 아미노산 배열과 70$\%$의 상동성을 보였다. nothern blot에 따른 발현 양상은 심장, 수의근, 말초혈액 백혈구 등의 조직에서 높은 발현을 보였으며 방사선 내성과 관련지어 볼 때 대장암 및 흑색종 세포주에서 발현이 높았던 점은 특기할 만하였다. 결론 : 상동성 검색 결과 K872 유전자는 항암제 및 방사선 내성과 관련이 있는 rGSTK1에 대한 사람의 상동유전자로 사료되며 향후 이와 관련한 기능 분석이 필요할 것으로 사료된다

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.248-329
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• 2019

Background: Though clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are an effective and widely used treatment method worldwide, they are as yet not widely accepted in Korea. Given that cardiovascular disease is the second leading cause of death in Korea, it is urgent that CR programs be developed. In 2008, the Government of Korea implemented CR programs at 11 university hospitals as part of its Regional Cardio-Cerebrovascular Center Project, and 3 additional medical facilities will be added in 2019. In addition, owing to the promotion of CR nationwide and the introduction of CR insurance benefits, 40 medical institutions nationwide have begun CR programs even as a growing number of medical institutions are preparing to offer CR. The purpose of this research was to develop evidence-based CPGs to support CR implementation in Korea. Methods: This study is based on an analysis of CPGs elsewhere in the world, an extensive literature search, a systematic analysis of multiple randomized control trials, and a CPG management, development, and assessment committee comprised of 33 authors-primarily rehabilitation specialists, cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons in 21 university hospitals and 2 general hospitals. Twelve consultants, primarily rehabilitation, sports medicine, and preventive medicine specialists, CPG experts, nurses, physical therapists, clinical nutritionists, and library and information experts participated in the research and development of these CPGs. After the draft guidelines were developed, 3 rounds of public hearings were held with staff members from relevant academic societies and stakeholders, after which the guidelines were further reviewed and modified. Results: CR involves a more cost-effective use of healthcare resources relative to that of general treatments, and the exercise component of CR lowers cardiovascular mortality and readmission rates, regardless of the type of coronary heart disease and type and setting of CR. Conclusion: Individualized CR programs should be considered together with various factors, including differences in heart function and lifestyle, and doing so will boost participation and adherence with the CR program, ultimately meeting the final goals of the program, namely reducing the recurrence of myocardial infarction and mortality rates.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1083-1091
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• 2017

NIST 표준에 정의된 소수체(prime field) GF(p) 상의 224-비트 타원곡선을 지원하는 타원곡선 암호 프로세서를 설계하였다. 타원곡선 암호의 핵심 연산인 스칼라 점 곱셈을 수정형 Montgomery ladder 알고리듬을 이용하여 구현하였다. 점 덧셈과 점 두배 연산은 투영(projective) 좌표계를 이용하여 연산량이 많은 나눗셈 연산을 제거하였으며, 소수체 상의 덧셈, 뺄셈, 곱셈, 제곱 연산만으로 구현하였다. 스칼라 점 곱셈의 최종 결과값은 다시 아핀(affine) 좌표계로 변환되어 출력하며, 이때 사용되는 역원 연산은 Fermat's little theorem을 이용하여 구현하였다. 설계된 ECC 프로세서를 Virtex5 FPGA로 구현하여 정상 동작함을 확인하였다. $0.18{\mu}m$공정의 CMOS 셀 라이브러리로 합성한 결과 10 MHz의 동작 주파수에서 2.7-Kbit RAM과 27,739 GE로 구현되었고, 최대 71 MHz의 동작 주파수를 갖는다. 스칼라 점 곱셈에 1,326,985 클록 사이클이 소요되며, 최대 동작 주파수에서 18.7 msec의 시간이 소요된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.198-207
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• 2017

Purpose: Whether preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is better than postoperative CRT in oncologic outcome and toxicity is contentious in prospective randomized clinical trials. We systematically analyze and compare the treatment result, toxicity, and sphincter preservation rate between preoperative CRT and postoperative CRT in stage II-III rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: We searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library from 1990 to 2014 for relevant trials. Only phase III randomized studies performing CRT and curative surgery were selected and the data were extracted. Meta-analysis was used to pool oncologic outcome and toxicity data across studies. Results: Three randomized phase III trials were finally identified. The meta-analysis results showed significantly lower 5-year locoregional recurrence rate in the preoperative-CRT group than in the postoperative-CRT group (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.84; p = 0.004). The 5-year distant recurrence rate (p = 0.55), relapse-free survival (p = 0.14), and overall survival (p = 0.22) showed no significant difference between two groups. Acute toxicity was significantly lower in the preoperative-CRT group than in the postoperative-CRT group (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between two groups in perioperative and chronic complications (p = 0.53). The sphincter-saving rate was not significantly different between two groups (p = 0.24). The conversion rate from abdominoperineal resection to low anterior resection in low rectal cancer was significantly higher in the preoperative-CRT group than in the postoperative-CRT group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: As compared to postoperative CRT, preoperative CRT improves only locoregional control, not distant control and survival, with similar chronic toxicity and sphincter preservation rate in rectal cancer patients.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.795-803
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• 2017

블록암호 ARIA와 AES를 단일 회로로 통합하여 구현한 이중표준지원 암호 프로세서에 대해 기술한다. ARIA-AES 통합 암호 프로세서는 128-비트, 256-비트의 두 가지 키 길이를 지원하며, ECB, CBC, OFB, CTR의 4가지 운영모드를 지원하도록 설계되었다. ARIA와 AES의 알고리듬 공통점을 기반으로 치환계층과 확산계층의 하드웨어 자원이 공유되도록 최적화 하였으며, on-the-fly 키 스케줄러가 포함되어 있어 평문/암호문 블록의 연속적인 암호/복호화 처리가 가능하다. ARIA-AES 통합 프로세서를 $0.18{\mu}m$공정의 CMOS 셀 라이브러리로 합성한 결과 54,658 GE로 구현되었으며, 최대 95 MHz의 클록 주파수로 동작할 수 있다. 80 MHz 클록 주파수로 동작할 때, 키 길이 128-b, 256-b의 ARIA 모드에서 처리율은 각각 787 Mbps, 602 Mbps로 예측되었으며, AES 모드에서는 각각 930 Mbps, 682 Mbps로 예측되었다. 설계된 암호 프로세서를 Virtex5 FPGA로 구현하여 정상 동작함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.183-205
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• 2021

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the effectiveness of maxillary stabilization splint (SS) therapy to reduce headache (HA) intensity and HA frequency in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)-HA comorbidity. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using full-arch coverage, hard resin, and maxillary SS therapy were included. Electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, MEDLINE through PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE, were searched. The risk of bias was analyzed based on Cochrane's handbook. The search yielded 247 references up to January 28, 2020. Nine RCTs were included at a high risk of bias. The comparison groups included other splints, counseling, jaw exercises, medications, neurologic treatment, and occlusal equilibration. Four studies reported a statistically significant reduction in HA intensity, and five studies reported significant improvement in HA frequency from baseline at 2-12 months in patients with TMD-HA comorbidity treated with a full-arch hard maxillary SS. HA frequency in tension-type HA (TTH) comorbid with TMD diagnoses of myofascial pain (MFP) or capsulitis/synovitis improved significantly with SS than that with full-arch maxillary non-occluding splint (NOS) in two studies. Comparison groups receiving hard partial-arch maxillary splint nociceptive trigeminal inhibition (NTI) showed statistically significant improvements in HA intensity in patients with mixed TMD phenotypes of MFP and disc displacement comorbid with "general HA." Comparison groups receiving partial-arch maxillary resilient/soft splint (Relax) showed significant improvements in both HA intensity and frequency in patients with HA concomitant with MFP. The meta-analysis showed no statistically significant difference in the improvement of pain intensity at 2-3 months with comparison of the splints (partial-arch soft [Relax], hard [NTI], and full-arch NOS) or splint use compliance at 6-12 months with comparison of the splints (partial-arch Relax and full-arch NOS) versus the SS groups in patients with various TMD-HA comorbidities. In conclusion, although SS therapy showed a statistically significant decrease in HA intensity and HA frequency when reported, the evidence quality was low due to the high bias risk and small sample size. Therefore, further studies are required.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2006

RSA 암호 시스템은 IC카드, 모바일 시스템 및 WPKI, 전자화폐, SET, SSL 시스템 등에 많이 사용된다. RSA는 모듈러 지수승 연산을 통하여 수행되며, Montgomery 곱셈기를 사용하는 것이 효율적이라고 알려져 있다. Montgomery 곱셈기에서 임계 경로 지연 시간(Critical Path Delay)은 세 피연산자의 덧셈에 의존하고 캐리 전파를 효율적으로 처리하는 문제는 Montgomery 곱셈기의 효율성에 큰 영향을 미친다. 최근 캐리 전파를 제거하는 방법으로 캐리 저장 덧셈기(Carry Save Adder, CSA)를 사용하는 연구가 계속 되고 있다. McIvor외 세 명은 지수승 연산에 최적인 CSA 3단계로 구성된 Montgomery 곱셈기와 CSA 2단계로 구성된 Montgomery 곱셈기를 제안했다. 시간 복잡도 측면에서 후자는 전자에 비해 효율적이다. 본 논문에서는 후자보다 빠른 연산을 수행하기 위해 캐리 전파 제거 특성을 가진 이진 부호 자리(Signed-Digit SD) 수 체계를 사용한다. 두 이진 SD 수의 덧셈을 수행하는 잉여 이진 덧셈기(Redundant Binary Adder, RBA)를 새로 제안하고 Montgomery 곱셈기에 적용한다. 기존의 RBA에서 사용하는 이진 SD 덧셈 규칙 대신 새로운 덧셈 규칙을 제안하고 삼성 STD130 $0.18{\mu}m$ 1.8V 표준 셀 라이브러리에서 지원하는 게이트들을 사용하여 설계하고 시뮬레이션 하였다. 그 결과 McIvor의 2 방법과 기존의 RBA보다 최소 12.46%의 속도 향상을 보였다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.377-388
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on depression, anxiety, self care behavior and quality of life in cancer patients. Methods: Two thousand and eighty three abstracts were identified through six electronic databases (1980 to June 2012) in Korea. Seventeen studies involving 679 participants met the inclusion criteria for meta analysis. Two authors independently assessed trial quality by Cochrane's Risk of Bias and Methodological Items for Non Randomized Studies and extracted data. The data were analyzed by the RevMan 5.2 program of Cochrane library. Results: Overall, study quality was moderate to high. CBT was conducted for a mean of 4.2 weeks, 7 sessions and an average of 36.1-minutes per session. CBT was effective for depression (d=-0.85; 95% CI=-1.09, -0.61), anxiety (d=-0.52; 95% CI=-0.75, -0.29), self care behavior (d=-1.34; 95% CI=-1.93, -0.74), and quality of life (d=-0.42; 95% CI=-0.80, -0.04). Publication bias was not detected as evaluated by funnel plot and Egger's test. Conclusion: CBT has small to large effects on depression, anxiety, self care and quality of life. These finding suggests that various CBT interventions can assist cancer patients in reducing emotional distress and improving self care and quality of life.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2008

Background: Hemiplegic patients usually have difficulty maintaining balance. Balance training is a major component of there habilitation program for patients with neurological impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of PLS(Posterior Leaf Spring), FES(Functional Electrical stimulation), treadmill training, and neurodevelopmental treatment on the improvement of balance in patients with hemiplegia. Methods: We looked into published studies from Dankook University’s electronic library databases of RISS4U, KMbase, NCBI, and MEDLIS concerning the effectiveness of any form of intervention leading to improvement of balance. All types of studies relevant to the topic that were published in English during the time period of 1986 to 2005 were included. Results: 1. There were significant differences in standing balance, dynamic activity balance, and gait speed between barefoot subjects and subjects who wore SPAFO and HPAFO(p<.05). 2. The changes in ROM and FRT related to sex, age, height, and weight part of the diagnosis, as well as experience relapse, was of meaningless value. Changes in ROM related to the duration of pain and experiences of falling down were also meaningless. However, FRT showed significant static differences(p<.05). 3. The body-weight-support treadmill training scoring of standing balance, step length, and a timed 10m walking test showed definite improvement. 4. The proprioceptive control approach improved dynamic balance in patients with hemiplegia. Conclusion: Consequently, further study is needed to verify methods when physical therapists are researching balance ability in hemiplegic patient.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 정보화에 대한 적응 및 확산 정도가 상대적으로 느린 고령층의 인터넷 이용 실태를 사회경제적 특성에 따라 분석하는 것이다. 조사대상은 대구경북지역에 거주하고 있는 60세 이상의 고령층으로 한정하여 주로 1:1 설문조사를 통하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 고령층의 성별, 최종학력, 경제상태, 건강상태, 종교유무, 그리고 생활만족이라는 사회경제적 특성으로 구분하여 이들의 인터넷 이용빈도, 이용동기, 활용능력 그리고 인터넷의 유용성 여부를 각각 분석하였다. 분석결과 다양한 사회경제적 특성에 따라 고령층의 인터넷 이용에 통계적 유의수준에서 차이가 발견되었다. 이 연구결과는 향후 정보화 사회로의 구현에서 소외될 수 있는 고령층의 정보격차 해소 혹은 노인복지 정책개발의 기초적인 자료로 사용되어 질 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.