• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.140-145
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• 2009

Objectives : This study explored the differences in their ego defense mechanisms between adolescents with conduct disorder and normal adolescents. Methods : Subjects were 35 adolescents with conduct disorder and 44 normal adolescents. The Ewha Defense Mechanism Test (EDMT), consisting of 200 items and 20 scales, was administered, to examine the defense mechanisms of both groups of adolescents. Results : Normal adolescents presented statistically significantly higher scores on the reaction formation, controlling, suppression, anticipation, dissociation, and distortion scales than did adolescents with conduct disorder. Zn addition, adolescents with conduct disorder used neurotic defense mechanisms of both neurotic and mature levels less frequently than normal adolescents did. Factor analysis revealed that, normal adolescents had higher scores on ego-expansive factor scales and behavior control factor scales thanadolescents with conduct disorder did. Conclusion : The results suggest adolescents with conduct disorder use mature and ego-expansive defense mechanisms less frequently than do normal adolescents.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 1995

Personality characteristics of third decade female TMD patients was studied by means of SCL-90-R test. 112 TMD patients and 96 dental controls were subjected at the department of Oral medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital. All the patients were divided into 3 groups according to their pain profile namely, MPDS, ID with Pain and ID with out Pain, and dental controls were divided into 2 groups manely, Dental Controls with Pain and Dental Controls without Pain for comparison. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Mean T-scores of SCL-90-R primary scales and global indexes in the patient and control group were within normal range. 2. When compared between groups with pain, MPDS group were significantly higher in scales of SOM, 0-C, I-S, HOS and PHOB than ID with Pain group and in scales of SOM, I-S. DEP, HOS and PHOM than Dental Controls with Pain group. 3. When compared with ID and Control groups in same pain condition, there were no significant differences between ID without pain and Dental Controls without Pain group. 4. When compared between groups with pain and groups without pain, there were significant differences in scales of SOM and O-C between Dental Controls with Pain and Dental controls without Pain group.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.209-214
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• 2014

In this study we develop a set of solar proton event (SPE) forecast models with NOAA scales by Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP), one of neural network methods, using GOES solar X-ray flare data from 1976 to 2011. Our MLP models are the first attempt to forecast the SPE scales by the neural network method. The combinations of X-ray flare class, impulsive time, and location are used for input data. For this study we make a number of trials by changing the number of layers and nodes as well as combinations of the input data. To find the best model, we use the summation of F-scores weighted by SPE scales, where F-score is the harmonic mean of PODy (recall) and precision (positive predictive value), in order to minimize both misses and false alarms. We find that the MLP models are much better than the multiple linear regression model and one layer MLP model gives the best result.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.303-317
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• 2013

Recently in South Korea, various methods are followed in decreasing educational gap between region and social classes through school education. The National Assessment Educational Achievement(NAEA) intends to strengthen responsibility of school education and manage quality of curriculum. Besides, the NAEA intends to bridge achievement gap which is one of educational gaps by grasping the characteristics of academic ability to guarantee basic academic ability. There is not much research about the educational gap among regional scales. Therefore in this study, to examine the achievement characteristics among regional scales closely, we analyse the 2010, 2011 NAEA results in elementary mathematics subject and explore characteristics of items which have sharp differences between local population sizes. The results of the analysis has been showed that the educational gap between 'big-sized cities' and 'small and midium-sized cities' has been increased, but the overall educational gap among regional scales has been decreased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1144-1149
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• 2003

It is very important to measure circular motion accuracy of NC lathes it affects accuracy, performance, interchange ability and quality of machine parts machined by the NC lathes in industries. So, in this study, measuring units system to measure circular motion accuracy two axes circular motion accuracy of NC lathes was composed of two optical linear scales installed on the z and x-axes of work coordinate system on NC lathe and a computer inserted with PC counter card enables to obtain measuring data. Here, ATC(Automatic Tool Changer) and moving part of linear scales are fixed with magnet bases in order to measure circular motion accuracy of the ATC of NC lathe. And next, computer software was developed in order to measure the circular motion accuracy of NC lathe under resolution of 0.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ using two linear scales, and also computer softwares were developed so that measuring data could be modeled on plots and be analyzed numerically,

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim on this study was to establish the validity, reliability and efficiency of a Pain Self-Report Scale for elderly with dementia and compare these results with an observational pain rating scale. Methods: Study subjects were 136 elderly with dementia who were residents in a nursing home, geriatric hospital, or day care center. The subject's pain was measured by five self-report scales and observational scale. DS-DAT (discomfort scale-dementia of the Alzheimer's type) was used for pain behavior observational measure. Cognitive state was assessed using the MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination). Results: Observational rating correlated moderately with self-report (r=.225~.585, p<.05) and tended to underestimate pain intensity. Test-retest reliability was high for all five self-report scales, and the correlation between these scales was very strong (r=.735~.856, p<.05). Comprehension rate of VDS (verbal descriptor scale) was 88.3%, and NRS (numeric rating scale) 69.9%, FPS (face pain scale) 66.9%, HVAS (horizontal visual analog scale) and VVAS (vertical visual analog scale) 65.4%. Conclusion: Nurses should not apply observational scales routinely in demented patients as many of these are capable of reporting their own pain. Self-report, the highest standard of pain measurement can be reliably performed in a large proportion of demented elderly.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.201-209
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• 1997

The objective of this study were 1) to review concepts of user information satisfaction (UIS), 2) to analyze tools for measuring user information satisfaction, 3) to identify factors affecting information satisfaction. The study was carried out by the analysis of literatures related to information system. The construct of UIS has been operationalized in many different ways. Several studies employed single-item rating scales; such scales have been criticized as unreliable. Single-item scales also provide little information as to what the user finds dissatisfying(satisfying) and are thus of limited utility outside a research setting. Multiple-item UIS measures have become increasingly common. Generally, they are of two types. The first focuses on the information system product. With such diverse names as "system acceptance", "output quality", and "appreciation", these scales focus on the content of the information system and the manner in which the information is presented. The second type of multiple-item scale includes the organizational support for developing and maintaining the system as well as the system product itself. This type of instrument contains items concerned with training, documentation, development procedures, systems maintenance, etc., as well as items related to system content. Thus it provides an indicator of the overall quality of information services provided by an information service function. Generally, UIS measures have not been carefully validated. Recently, however, several rigorous attempts have been made to develop valid and reliable UIS measure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2009.01a
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• pp.482-486
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• 2009

Scale-invariant feature is an effective method for retrieving and classifying images. In this study, we analyze a scale-invariant planar curve features for developing 2D shapes. Scale-space filtering is used to determine contour structures on different scales. However, it is difficult to track significant points on different scales. In mathematics, curvature is considered to be fundamental feature of a planar curve. However, the curvature of a digitized planar curve depends on a scale. Therefore, automatic scale detection for curvature analysis is required for practical use. We propose a technique for achieving automatic scale detection based on difference of curvature. Once the curvature values are normalized with regard to the scale, we can calculate difference in the curvature values for different scales. Further, an appropriate scale and its position are detected simultaneously, thereby avoiding tracking problem. Appropriate scales and their positions can be detected with high accuracy. An advantage of the proposed method is that the detected significant points do not need to be located in the same contour. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by experimental results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.995-1006
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• 2004

This study examines the effects of clothing style and the order effect on impression formation. The instrument of this study consisted of response scales and stimuli. Fifty-one items of 7-point semantic differential scales, 9 items of demographic traits, and 4 items of subjective evaluation scales were developed. Stimuli were color pictures of a model wearing each of two clothing styles(mannish style, feminine style). The sample include 56 male and female subjects in their twenties and thirties. The experimental design was within-subject design and the half of the sample responded to the mannish style first and the other half responded to the feminine style first. Responses to the semantic differential scales were factor analyzed, and seven factors were identified: intellectuality, sensibility, activity, modesty, competence, display, keenness. There were significant differences between mannish style and feminine style in impression of wearer＇s age, job, and physical attractiveness as well as wearer＇s intellectuality and sensibility. It was revealed that the first impression and second impression of wearer＇s intellectuality, sensibility, modesty, competence, display were differed by the function of the order of stimuli shown to the subjects. Both primacy effect and recency effect of order effect were confirmed, and especially negativity effect was influenced prominently on impression formation.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2011

In this study, we propose order selection methods based on scaled lift. This study is proposed to overcome the problem that the lift used by Park and Kim (2010) takes unbounded values and thus it is hard to know how big (or small) lift value is big (or small). The first scaled lift just scales lift, so that it takes values between 0 and 1, and the second scaled lift scales lift-1, so that it takes values between -1 and 1. In other words, the first method scales lift only and the second methods ceters and scales lift. We apply order selection methods based on scaled lift to acute appendicitis patients in emergency room and compare them with the results based on lift.