• 감성과학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.77-94
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• 2022

Social interactions often involve encountering inconsistent information about social others. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study to comprehensively investigate voxel-wise temporal dynamics showing how impressions are anchored and/or adjusted in response to inconsistent social information. The participants performed a social impression task inside an fMRI scanner in which they were shown a male face, together with a series of four adjectives that described the depicted person's personality traits, successively presented beneath the image of the face. Participants were asked to rate their impressions of the person at the end of each trial on a scale of 1 to 8 (where 1 is most negative and 8 is most positive). We established two hypothetical models that represented two temporal patterns of voxel activity: Model 1 featured decreasing patterns of activity towards the end of each trial, anchoring impressions to initially presented information, and Model 2 showed increasing patterns of activity toward the end of each trial, where impressions were being adjusted using new and inconsistent information. Our data-driven model fitting analyses showed that the temporal activity patterns of voxels within the ventral anterior cingulate cortex, medial orbitofrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, amygdala, and fusiform gyrus fit Model 1 (i.e., they were more involved in anchoring first impressions) better than they did Model 2 (i.e., showing impression adjustment). Conversely, voxel-wise neural activity within dorsal ACC and lateral OFC fit Model 2 better than it did Model 1, as it was more likely to be involved in processing new, inconsistent information and adjusting impressions in response. Our novel approach to model fitting analysis replicated previous impression-related neuroscientific findings, furthering the understanding of neural and temporal dynamics of impression processing, particularly with reference to functionally segmenting each region of interest based on relative involvement in impression anchoring as opposed to adjustment.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.9.1-9.13
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• 2023

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a zinc and calcium-dependent proteolytic enzyme involved in extracellular matrix degradation. Overexpression of MMP-9 has been confirmed in several disorders, including cancers, Alzheimer's disease, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. Therefore, MMP-9 inhibition is recommended as a therapeutic strategy for combating various diseases. Cinnamic acid derivatives have shown therapeutic effects in different cancers, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, and dental caries. A computational drug discovery approach was performed to evaluate the binding affinity of selected cinnamic acid derivatives to the MMP-9 active site. The stability of docked poses for top-ranked compounds was also examined. Twelve herbal cinnamic acid derivatives were tested for possible MMP-9 inhibition using the AutoDock 4.0 tool. The stability of the docked poses for the most potent MMP-9 inhibitors was assessed by molecular dynamics (MD) in 10 nanosecond simulations. Interactions between the best MMP-9 inhibitors in this study and residues incorporated in the MMP-9 active site were studied before and after MD simulations. Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid revealed a considerable binding affinity to the MMP-9 catalytic domain (ΔG_binding < -10 kcal/ mol). The inhibition constant value for cynarin and chlorogenic acid were calculated at the picomolar scale and assigned as the most potent MMP-9 inhibitor from the cinnamic acid derivatives. The root-mean-square deviations for cynarin and chlorogenic acid were below 2 Å in the 10 ns simulation. Cynarin, chlorogenic acid, and rosmarinic acid might be considered drug candidates for MMP-9 inhibition.

• 천문학회보
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.64.2-64.2
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• 2020

We present the properties of galaxies in filaments around the Virgo cluster with respect to their vertical distance from the filament spine. Using the NASA-Sloan Atlas and group catalogs, we select galaxies that do not belong to groups in filaments. The filament member galaxies are then defined as those located within 3.5 scale length from the filament spine. The filaments are mainly (~86%) composed of low-mass dwarf galaxies of logh2M∗/M⊙ < 9 dominantly located on the blue cloud in color-magnitude diagrams. We observe that the g - r color and stellar mass of galaxies correlate with their vertical distance from the filament spine in which the color becomes red and stellar mass decreases with increasing vertical filament distance. The galaxies were divided into two subsamples in different stellar mass ranges, with lower-mass (logh2M∗/M⊙ ≤ 8) galaxies showing a clear negative g-r color gradient, whereas higher-mass (logh2M∗/M⊙ > 8) galaxies have a flat distribution against the vertical filament distance. We observe a negative EW(Hα) gradient for higher-mass galaxies, whereas lower-mass galaxies show no distinct variation in EW(Hα) against the vertical filament distance. In contrast, the NUV - r color distribution of higher-mass galaxies shows no strong dependence on the vertical filament distance, whereas the lower-mass galaxies show a distinct negative NUV - r color gradient. We do not witness clear gradients of HI fraction in either the higher- or lower-mass subsamples. We propose that the negative color and stellar mass gradients of galaxies can be explained by mass assembly from past galaxy mergers at different vertical filament distances. In addition, galaxy interactions might be responsible for the contrasting features of EW(Hα) and NUV - r color distributions between the higher- and lower-mass subsamples. The HI fraction distributions of the two subsamples suggest that ram-pressure stripping and gas accretion could be ignorable processes in the Virgo filaments.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.61-71
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• 2023

Purpose : Energy bars are increasingly popular among active individuals, yet their timing and nutrient combinations' impact on exercise adaptation remains unclear. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by investigating whether the combination of pre- and post-workout supplementation can synergistically enhance fitness and alleviate fatigue in trained CrossFit participants. Investigate if combining pre- and post-workout supplements can enhance fitness and blood lactate management in trained CrossFit participants, potentially improving exercise performance for this group. Methods : In a randomized crossover study, 20 trained CrossFit individuals (11 males, 9 females) completed thrice-weekly 60-minute CrossFit sessions for 3 weeks, with a one-week washout period. Participants were randomly assigned to either a chocolate bar group (CH, 45 g, 225 kcal) or an energy bar group (ES, 48 g, 238 kcal, with protein, caffeine, taurine, and BCAAs). For one week, participants consumed two bars of their assigned supplement five minutes before and after workouts. After a washout period, they switched supplements. Blood lactate levels and a visual analog scale (VAS) were assessed before, immediately after, and 30 minutes post-workout. Fitness tests (hand grip, broad jump, sit-ups) were conducted at baseline and 30 minutes post-final workout. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA (p<.05), 95 % confidence intervals, and magnitude inferences. Results : Hand grip strength (t=-5.60, p=.000), broad jump (t=-3.43, p=.003) and sit up (t=-3.94, p=.001) were significantly increased in the ES group. Compared to CH group, there was a significant time and group interactions for blood lactate level (F=5.51, p=.008) and VAS(F=31.67, p=.000) in the ES group. Conclusion : Pre- and post-workout energy bar supplementation may have a beneficial effect on blood lactate clearance and fitness in trained CrossFit individual. The combination of proprietary supplements taken may provide benefits for removing the blood lactate during high-intensity functional exercise.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.111-125
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• 2024

Recently, a lot of research has been done on the analysis of axial vibrations of homogeneous and FG nanotubes (nanorods) with various aspects of vibrations that have been fully mentioned in history. However, there is a lack of investigation of the dynamic internal resonances of FG nanotubes (nanorods) between them. This is one of the essential or substantial characteristics of nonlinear vibration systems that have many applications in various fields of engineering (making actuators, sensors, etc.) and medicine (improving the course of diseases such as cancers, etc.). For this reason, in this study, for the first time, the dynamic internal resonances of FG nanorods in the simultaneous presence of large-amplitude size dependent behaviour, inertial and shear effects are investigated for general state in detail. Such theoretical patterns permit as to carry out various numerical experiments, which is the key point in the expansion of advanced nano-devices in different sciences. This research presents an AFG novel nano resonator model based on the axial vibration of the elastic nanorod system in terms of derivation from large-amplitude size dependent internal modals interactions. The Hamilton's Principle is applied to achieve the basic equations in movement and boundary conditions, and a harmonic deferential quadrature method, and a multiple scale solution technique are employed to determine a semi-analytical solution. The interest of the current solution is seen in its specific procedure that useful for deriving general relationships of internal resonances of FG nanorods. The numerical results predicted by the presented formulation are compared with results already published in the literature to indicate the precision and efficiency of the used theory and method. The influences of gradient index, aspect ratio of FG nanorod, mode number, nonlinear effects, and nonlocal effects variations on the mechanical behavior of FG nanorods are examined and discussed in detail. Also, the inertial and shear traces on the formations of internal resonances of FG nanorods are studied, simultaneously. The obtained valid results of this research can be useful and practical as input data of experimental works and construction of devices related to axial vibrations of FG nanorods.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2024

The degree-linked programs for employees, operated by joint training centers in specialized universities that have implemented work-study integrated programs, are educational programs that require an annual government budget of around 80 billion KRW. However, the 70+ universities running these programs face issues such as a decline in academic achievement and an increase in dropout rates among students. In this paper, I conducted multiple regression analysis based on observed and measured information to examine whether the participating students in these programs are achieving an appropriate level of academic performance and to identify the factors that universities need to invest in to achieve that level. To do this, I hypothesized a causal relationship between the university's input factors and students' academic achievement, and used the SPSS program to analyze the statistical data, confirming the validity of the hypothesis. The collected data for the study were obtained through a survey developed using a Likert 4-point scale, which quantified the distribution of grades among students enrolled in IT-related departments offering the degree-linked programs for employees and the emotional contact efforts made by the universities to motivate them for academic success. Particularly, through the results of multiple regression analysis, it was confirmed that these input factors, unlike those for students in general education programs, require more personalized and frequent interactions.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.29-42
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• 2024

Background: This study aimed to determine the effects of training on breathing re-education on pain and dysfunction levels, posture, quality of life (QoL), and pulmonary function in patients. Methods: This study included 34 patients with chronic neck pain and upper thoracic breathing pattern were included. The participants were assigned to either the routine physical therapy program (RPTP) (CG; n=17) or RPTP and breathing pattern re-education training (EG; n=17). The CG and EG groups performed RPTP for 40 minutes, and only the EG groups performed breathing re-education training for 10 minutes. Exercises were performed thrice weekly for both groups. Level of pain and dysfunction, posture, QoL and pulmonary function status were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: After four weeks of intervention, numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Korean version of neck disability index, cranio-vertebral angle, cranial rotation angle, and 12-item short form health survey-physical and mental component summaries had significant differences before and after intervention in both groups (p<.01). However, only NPRS, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1s, and maximum voluntary ventilation showed significant interactions between the two groups and measurement time (p<.01). Conclusion: Breathing re-education training and RPTP may be optimal for patients with chronic neck pain and may be more effective in improving neck pain and pulmonary function.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2020

연구목적 이 연구는 심박변이도(Heart rate variability, HRV) 지표를 이용하여, 불안장애, 우울장애, 외상 및 스트레스 관련 장애의 차이를 비교하고 증상 심각도와의 연관성을 보고자 한다. 방 법 2017년부터 2018년까지 국립정신건강센터 스트레스 클리닉 내원 환자의 후향적 의무기록을 분석하였다. 총 473명 환자(불안장애 166명, 우울장애 184명, 외상 및 스트레스 관련 장애 123명)의 HRV 지표의 진단 군간 차이를 비교하였다. 또한 지표와 전반적 임상 인상 심각도(Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale, CGI-S)의 연관성이 진단군에 따른 차이를 보이는지 분석하였다. 결 과 세 군에서 HRV 지표는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나, 심박도 간격(normal-to-normal, NN)의 표준 편차(standard deviation of normal RR intervals, SDNN)와 연속된 NN 간격들의 변이의 제곱 평균값의 루트 값(the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals, RMSSD)의 CGI-S와의 관련성은 그룹 간 유의한 차이가 나타났다(SDNN, p=0.017 ; RMSSD, p=0.034). 불안장애와 우울장애에서는 CGI-S에 따른 SDNN, RMSSD가 음의 관련성을 보였지만, 외상 및 스트레스 관련 장애에서는 양의 관련성을 보였다. 결 론 본 연구에서 세 군의 HRV 지표는 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 각 군에서 지표와 임상적 심각도와의 연관성은 다른 양상을 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 외상 및 스트레스 관련 장애군은 HRV의 특징 및 임상적 활용이 불안 및 우울장애와 다를 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.77-77
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• 2016

Thin films synthesized by plasma processes have been widely applied in a variety of industrial sectors. The structure control of thin film is one of prime factor in most of these applications. It is well known that the structure of this film is closely associated with plasma parameters and species of plasma which are electrons, ions, radical and neutrals in plasma processes. However the precise control of structure by plasma process is still limited due to inherent complexity, reproducibility and control problems in practical implementation of plasma processing. Therefore the study on the fundamental physical properties that govern the plasmas becomes more crucial for molecular scale control of film structure and corresponding properties for new generation nano scale film materials development and application. The thin films are formed through nucleation and growth stages during thin film depostion. Such stages involve adsorption, surface diffusion, chemical binding and other atomic processes at surfaces. This requires identification, determination and quantification of the surface activity of the species in the plasma. Specifically, the ions and neutrals have kinetic energies ranging from ~ thermal up to tens of eV, which are generated by electron impact of the polyatomic precursor, gas phase reaction, and interactions with the substrate and reactor walls. The present work highlights these aspects for the controlled and low-temperature plasma enhanced chemical vapour disposition (PECVD) of Si-based films like crystalline Si (c-Si), Si-quantum dot, and sputtered crystalline C by the design and control of radicals, plasmas and the deposition energy. Additionally, there is growing demand on the low-temperature deposition process with low hydrogen content by PECVD. The deposition temperature can be reduced significantly by utilizing alternative plasma concepts to lower the reaction activation energy. Evolution in this area continues and has recently produced solutions by increasing the plasma excitation frequency from radio frequency to ultra high frequency (UHF) and in the range of microwave. In this sense, the necessity of dedicated experimental studies, diagnostics and computer modelling of process plasmas to quantify the effect of the unique chemistry and structure of the growing film by radical and plasma control is realized. Different low-temperature PECVD processes using RF, UHF, and RF/UHF hybrid plasmas along with magnetron sputtering plasmas are investigated using numerous diagnostics and film analysis tools. The broad outlook of this work also outlines some of the 'Grand Scientific Challenges' to which significant contributions from plasma nanoscience-related research can be foreseen.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.129-144
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• 2006

해사채취 지역에서의 저서동물은 채취에 따른 해저퇴적층의 교란 및 부유탁도에 의한 재침전 등의 영향을 직접적으로 받고 있으나, 이에 대한 연구는 매우 적다. 지금까지 대부분의 해사채취의 규모에 따른 저서생태계 변화 및 회복에 대한 연구는 단시간의 소규모 교란에 의해 실시되었으며, 일반적으로 대규모로 이루어지는 해사채취에 따른 생태계 교란을 평가하기에는 많은 어려움이 있다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 해사채취가 많이 이루어지는 경기만 지역에서, 대량$(70,000m^3)$의 시범 해사채취를 실시하여 저서생태계 군집구조에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 저서생태계 조사는 2005년 11월부터 시범채취가 시작되기 전과 채취기간 동안에 실시되었다. 시범채취가 시작되기 전에 출현한 대형저서동물의 종수는 해사채취가 진행되고 있는 주변 지역에서와 비슷하였다. 시범채취 예정 지역(정점 1과 2)에서 단각류 U. grimaldii japonica가 우점했으며, 다차원척도분석에서도 시범채취 예정해역은 하나의 그룹으로 구분되었다. 그러나 시범채취가 시작되면서, 정점 0과 1에서의 종수 및 밀도가 급격히 감소하였다. 특히 이곳에 우점했던 단각류 U. grimaldii japonica가 급격히 감소했으며, 시범채취 2개월 후에 조사된 3차 조사에서는 정점 0과정점 1에서는 출현하지 않았다. 그렇지만, 정점 2에서는 뚜렷한 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 종간의 유사도 분석과 IMD 그리고 rIMD 그리고 P/A ratio분석에서 정점 0과 1에서 변화가 크게 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과, 해사채취의 직접적인 영향은 정점 0과 1에서 나타났으며, 정점 2에서는 직접적인 영향이 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구에서 해사채취에 따른 저서생태계의 영향을 평가하는데 이용한 IMD과 r.IMD및 P/A ratio 분석 결과는 모두 비슷하였으며, 장기간의 모니터링 검증을 통해 생태평가지수의 개발이 필요할 것으로 여겨진다.