• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.9
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• pp.237-247
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level and intensity of emotional labor of physical therapists and occupational therapists, and to identify the factors affecting them. Cross-sectional study was conducted on physical therapists and occupational therapists across the country using self-populated questionnaire. A total of 2,000 questionnaires were distributed to retrieve 1,500 questionnaires(75%), of which 1,374 questionnaires(68.7%) were finally analyzed, excluding 126 that answered duplicates or were missing answers. Multi-linear regression was performed to identify factors on the strength of emotional labor. According to the analysis results, high-risk groups in the areas under 'Emotional demand and regulation' and 'Overload and conflict in customer service' and 'Emotional disharmony and hurt' were 29.4%, 19.0% and 22.0% respectively, especially in 'Emotional demand and regulation', 'Overload and conflict in customer service', 'Emotional disharmony and hurt' for women working days, and 49% of daily work hours. Accordingly, we will be able to regularly screen physical therapists and occupational therapists for dangerous groups, and manage the intensity of emotional labor through the creation of a therapist's working environment, such as limiting overtime hours and assigning appropriate number of patients. Through this study, the grounds and methods for mitigating the negative effects of emotional labor and mediating emotional labor should be provided.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Fabrication of monolayer is important method for enhancing physical and chemical characteristics such as light shielding and antireflection while maintaining thin film properties. In previous studies, monolayers were fabricated by various methods on small substrates, but processes were complicated and difficult to form monolayers with large area. We used rod coating equipment with a small amount of coating liquid to form a HCP (hexagonal closed packing) coating of PMMA beads on PET(poly(ethylene terephthalate)) substrate with $20cm{\times}20cm$ size. We observed that changes in morphologies of monolayers by using the solvents with different boiling points and vapor pressures, by adapting surfactants on particles and by applying plasma treatment on substrates. The coverage was increased by 20% by optimizing the coating conditions including meniscus of beads, control of the attraction - repulsion forces and surface energy. This result can potentially be applied to optical films and sensors because it is possible to make a uniform and large-scale monolayer in a simple and rapid manner when it is compared to the methods in previous studies.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.125-140
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• 2018

Technology cooperation is a necessary factor for small and medium sized firms to be survived and developed because small and medium sized firms can make economy scale and economy scope by new advanced technologies obtained from technology cooperation. Therefore, the technology cooperation of small and medium sized firms can be thought as their specific resource. Due to the importance of technology cooperation, many previous studies paid an attention on its positive effect. Unlike the related studies, this study examined the link among uncertainty of technology environment, relationship characteristics(such as degree of technology cooperation and influential strategy), and relationship tie. The empirical results are reported as follows: Firstly, uncertainty of technology environment positively affected on degree of technology cooperation. Secondly, degree of technology cooperation positively affected on uncoercive influential strategies of both own firm and partner firm. Thirdly, degree of technology cooperation and uncoercive influential strategy of own firm have positive effects on relationship tie while uncoercive influential strategy of partner firm does not. The positive effect of uncoercive influential strategy of own firm means the importance of strategic countermeasures to promote relationship tie in technology cooperation of both own firm and partner firm.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.467-473
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to present the scale of the overall influence by way of investigating how much any sub - elements of middle school teachers' distributed leadership influences any sub - elements of teacher efficacy and teaching commitment. First, there was no statistically significant difference in perceived level on distributed leadership according to the background variables of middle school teachers, but on average, it was shown to be high in female teachers, common teachers, over 21-year-career teachers and private school teachers. Second, there was a statistically positive correlation between distributed leadership and teacher efficacy or teaching commitment. Teacher efficacy showed a higher positive correlation than teaching commitment. Third, the study statistically showed that distributed leadership overall has influence on teacher efficacy and teaching commitment(41%). In conclusion, the study revealed a meaningful positive correlation between sub - elements of distributed leadership and sub - elements of teacher efficacy or teaching commitment, specially self-regulating efficacy, confidence of sub-elements of teacher efficacy, and school love of sub - elements of teaching commitment were positively explained according to the sub - elements of middle school teachers' distributed leadership. The explanatory power of the sub-elements of the distributed leadership on the teacher efficacy and the teaching commitment was 27% in the school situation, 28% in the leadership of the school principal, 28% in the leadership of the teacher, and 28% in the teacher interaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.362-369
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• 2019

This descriptive study investigated depression among 4,904 elderly people aged 60 to 90 years using the Korean Retirement and Income Study. The depressive group and non-depressive group were classified by the depression self-diagnostic scale, CES-D. The effects of general characteristics, disability, disability type, IADL, and social support on depression were examined. A t-test, chi-squared test, and logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors affecting depression. The average age of the depressive group was 75.10 years, which was higher than the average age of the non-depressive group (73.44 years), indicating that depression increased with age. Elderly who were female, elderly with no spouse, elderly with lower educational attainment and with a lower household income were in the depressed group. The score to perform IADL of disabled persons was higher than that of non-disabled persons, and the social support was lower. Logistic regression analysis performed to determine the risk factors affecting depression revealed that it was affected by disability and type of disability. Although this study has some limitations, the results presented herein can be used as a basis for understanding elderly with disabilities and developing future healthcare programs for them.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.21-30
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• 2019

While the study of the shallow tunnel has been mainly on the longitudinal load transfer and horizontal surface conditions, the study of the ground behavior of shallow tunnel under the slope is not sufficient. Therefore, in this study on the ground behavior around a tunnel due to the sidewall deformation of shallow tunnel under the slope that is excavated in longitudinal direction, a scale-down model test has been performed. The model tunnel has the dimension of 320 mm wide, 210 mm high and 55 mm long with enough material strength in aluminum and the model ground has the uniform ground conditions by 3 types of carbon rods. The model test has been performed with the variables of slopes and the cover depths by controlling the tunnel sidewall deformation, and the change of sidewall-load, load transfer, ground subsidence was monitored and analyzed. According to the increase of the slope, the maximum ground subsidence increased by 20~39% compared to the horizontal surface. The load ratio increased by maximum 20% in the tunnel crown and decreased in sidewall according to the surface slope. The load transfer shows maximum 128% of increase at the cover depth of 1.0D, while at the 1.5D cover depth it shows non-critical difference from horizontal surface. The slope has major effects on load transfer at the cover depth of 1.0D.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.219-227
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• 2019

This study examined the convergent relationship of stress factors related to the depression level(CES-D) of a college student. The questionnaire was used using an unregistered self-administered questionnaire for 304 students from a college located in J area from Nov. 12, 2018 to Dec. 14, 2018. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis results are as follows: The depression level of respondents turned out to be significantly higher in following groups: a group in which job seeking stress(CMI) is higher, a group in which academic burnout(MBI-SS) is higher, a group in which anxiety(BAI) are higher. The results show explanatory power of 60.7%. The results of the study indicate that the efforts, to decrease job seeking stress, to decrease academic burnout and, to decrease anxiety, are required to decrease the depression level among college students. These results can be utilized in various interventional efforts for academic counseling and guidance, job counseling, and psychological and emotional stability that lowers the depression level in college students. Following studies requires the presentation and analysis of structural models for the structural model that effects the depression levels of college students.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.210-216
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the multimodal cognitive intervention focusing on instrumental daily life on the cognitive function, depression and quality of life of the elderly with high-risk of dementia. This study was conducted on 24 elderly people with high-risk of dementia who participated in cognitive rehabilitation program from March to June, 2018 in Chungbuk A region. The intervention was applied to cognitive training and creative activities related to instrumental daily life. MMSE-DS, Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire, Short Geriatric Depression Scale-Korean version and Geriatric quality of life - Dementia were performed before and after the intervention. We confirmed that the subjects showed significant improvement in Subjective Memory Complaints and Quality of Life, but showed no significant changes in cognitive function and depression after the intervention program. Through this study, it was confirmed that this program which can affect the real life of the elderly can be usefully applied in the community. In the future, it will be necessary to develop a program that utilizes more diverse instrumental activities of daily living.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Emergency Medicine
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.408-414
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• 2018

Objective: Patients with low acuity who need hospitalization may be at risk if they do not receive proper treatment in overcrowded emergency rooms. This study was conducted to investigate factors affecting the hospitalization of patients with low acuity of Korean Triage and Acuity Scale (KTAS). Methods: This study was a retrospective chart review analysis of patients aged 15 years or older who had triaged as KTAS 4 and 5 grades when visiting a local emergency medical center from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. Multivariate logistic analysis was performed to analyze the effects of age, sex, reasons for visiting, visiting route, ambulance utilization, KTAS grade and major category on patient admission. Results: A total of 10,540 patients were enrolled and the odds ratio (OR) increased with age from those aged over 34 years (P<0.001). Patients that triaged as KTAS grade 5 (adjusted OR, 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36-1.82), had a condition caused by disease (adjusted OR, 2.31; 95% CI, 2.00-2.68), and visited by using an ambulance (public: adjusted OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.91-1.22; private: adjusted OR, 4.60; 95% CI, 3.85-5.49) were more likely to be hospitalized. Individuals in the "general" major category were more likely to be hospitalized than those falling into other major categories (P<0.001). Conclusion: The factors influencing the hospitalization of patients with low acuity were age, reasons for visiting, visiting route, ambulance utilization, KTAS grade and major category on patient admission.

• Journal of Korean Society of Health-System Pharmacists
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.409-417
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• 2018

Background : Febrile neutropenia (FN) is one of the side effects in the patients treated with chemotherapy, and the patients who have FN generally need immediate treatment with extended-spectrum antibiotics and hospitalization. Pegfilgrastim and pegteograstim, which are used for the prevention of FN as a granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), have been granted insurance coverage in the Republic of Korea for certain breast cancer patients using doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) from September 2016. Methods : The data of the patients with breast cancer using AC regimen and G-CSF were collected retrospectively. This study involves cost-utility analysis of pegfilgrastim and pegteograstim. In this study, we constructed a simple decision tree model for short-term observation and calculated quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and the direct medical costs from the medical provider's perspective. Results : From September 2016 to May 2017, 15 patients were treated with pegfilgrastim and 15 patients were treated with pegteograstim. As a result of dividing the average cost by QALY for each treatment group, it was observed that pegfilgrastim and pegteograstim were consumed 24,923,384 won and 22,808,336 won per 1QALY, respectively. Consequently, incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) showed 2,115,048 won more per pegfilgrastim than pegteograstim per 1QALY, and the cost per 1QALY of both the drugs was lower than 30,500,000 won; the Koreans were willing to pay this amount. Conclusions : This study suggests that pegfilgrastim and pegteograstim can be used to improve the quality of life of breast cancer patients undergoing AC therapy. Among the two drugs, pegteograstim seems to be more cost-effective. However, since this study was conducted as a retrospective observation method on a small scale, it is associated with many limitations. Therefore, a long-term prospective cohort study is needed to supplement the present findings.