• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on the satisfaction with school lunches and school lunch leftovers of elementary school children in the Kyeonggi area. The study was carried out on 235 children(male : 111, female :124) in December of 2000. The results are summarized as follows. A Rohrer index was used to define obesity. The proportions of severe underweight, underweight, normal, overweight, and obese were 0.9%, 16.6%, 57.9%,17.0%, and 7.7% respectively. For the data analysis, the subjects were divided into 3 groups : an underweight group(Rohrer index 109 including severe underweight), a normal group(Rohrer index 110-140), and an obese group(Rohrer index 141 including overweight). With regard to the satisfaction with school lunches, the proportions of children who were satisfied, neutral, and unsatisfied were 27.2%, 59.6% and 13.2% respectively. The proportion of the satisfaction with school lunches was significantly higher in the male group than in the female group(p〈0.05), and the proportion of the dissatisfaction with school lunches was significantly increased with obesity index(p〈0.05). The largest proportion of children who were satisfied with school lunches answered they felt hungry(56.3%) and the food tasted good(42.2%). Children sho were not satisfied with school lunches answered that the food was not tasty(93.5%), they did not have ant appetite(9.7%), and others. The children not finishing school lunches(leftovers) occasionally or always were 47.7% of the subjects. The behavior of leaving lunch foods was not significantly related to the gender or the frequency of eating snacks, wile it was positively related with dissatisfaction with school lunches(p〈0.01), obesity index(p〈0.05), and the decreased frequency of eating meals per day(p〈0.01). The reasons of school lunch leftovers were food dislikes(67.9%), excess of quantity(39.3%), tastelessness(31.3%), poor appetite(13.4%), and other. The children eating meals twice, 3 times, and 4 times per day were 18.7%, 74.9%, and 6.4% of the subjects respectively. The proportions of the obese and the satisfaction with school lunches were not changed significantly according to the frequency of eating meals, while the proportion of children leaving school lunches was significantly higher in the group of eating meals twice per day than in the other groups(p〈0.01). The frequency of eating snacks was not related to the obesity index, the proportion of school lunch leftovers, or the frequency of eating meals, while the proportion of satisfaction with school lunches was significantly higher in the group of eating snacks 1-2 times per day than in the other groups(p〈0.01). In conclusion, it is necessary to have children enjoy school lunches with efforts to improve the food´s taste in the school food services and to reexamine the serving sizes for the children, in addition to the nutrition education for the children to eat a variety of foods.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.155-163
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• 2006

To investigate the actual management condition of group homes for the elderly and their living environment, four group homes and 26 elderly people living in the group home were surveyed. As the results, the relationships between the administrator and the elderly were acceptable, but the group homes seem suffer from insufficient administrative supports. The most required service in the group homes was a conversational partner service. Moreover, the most satisfactory point for the elderly living in group homes was the settlement of food, clothing, and housing. The unsatisfactory things were the service related to medical, leisure, and house work and an invasion of their private life. The resident elderly in group homes were fully satisfied with their living environment including the relationship with the manager and the people in the facility. They, however, do not have much chance to make an exchange with their neighbor. Overall, the elderly want to stay continuously in the group homes where they are living current.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.93-96
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• 2005

To investigate the actual management condition of group homes for the elderly and their living environment, four group homes and 26 elderly people living in the group home were surveyed. As the results, the relationships between the administrator and the elderly were acceptable, but the group homes seem suffer from insufficient administrative supports. The most required in the group homes was a conversational partner service. Moreover, the most satisfactory point for the elderly living in group homes was the settlement of food, clothing, and housing. The unsatisfactory things were the service related to medical, leisure, and house work and an invasion of their private life. The resident elderly in group homes were fully satisfied with their living environment including the relationship with the manager and the people in the facility. They, however, do not have much chance to make an exchange with their neighbor. Overall, the elderly want to stay continuously in the group homes where they are living current.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2017

Using data from the 2015 Korea Welfare Panel Study, we examined the predictors of psychological well-being (life satisfaction and depression) of single elderly people living alone across development stages (young-old, mid-old, and old-old) and suggested implications for elderly policy. For this purpose, we selected 1,364 elderly people who lived alone but preserved their family relationships, and were 65 years of age or older. Separate analyses were conducted for the three groups of single elderly people living alone. Overall, the psychological well-being of single elderly people living alone was higher than moderate level, and they were generally satisfied with their everyday lives and less depressed. However, there were group differences: the young-old group was more satisfied than the old-old group with in their everyday lives and less depressed than the mid-old and old-old groups. In the young-old group, life satisfaction was significantly associated with subjective health, non-physical conflict with family, disposal income, house ownership, dietary deficiency, cost of living, and public pension. In addition, depression was significantly associated with subjective health, non-physical conflict with family, dietary deficiency, and physical conflict with family. In the mid-old group, life satisfaction was significantly associated with subjective health, housing non-physical conflict with family, disposal income, and dietary deficiency. Depression was significantly associated with subjective health, housing deficiency. In the old-old group, life satisfaction was significantly associated with subjective health and non-physical conflict with family. Depression was significantly associated with subjective health. Therefore, 'health'and 'family'are important key concepts to consider when making elderly policy.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2007

This study focuses on the relationship between ethnic identity of Asian-Americans and their appreciation of their ethnic body features, based on reference group theory. A convenience sample of 60 male and 52 female students from various Asian ethnicities attending a mid-western university was used for the study. A 2 (gender) by 2 (ethnic identification) by 2 (socializing group) analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on body image satisfaction as dependent variable and Body Mass Index score as a covariate was conducted. A significant main effect of ethnic identification was found, which indicates the more respondents identified with their ethnic group, the more likely they were to be satisfied with their appearance. The social group affiliation main effect was not significant. The impact of ethnic identification was significant only for those respondents who socialize more with Americans than with Asians. The results support the idea that one's ethnic group functions as a reference group, which influences body image appraisals.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.37 no.12 s.142
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• pp.13-28
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• 1999

This study aimed to analyze the process of courtship form having date and marriage toward women who had job before marriage. The objects were 27.36 years old and had 9.59 months marital life at average. This study conducted structured questionnaires using the reflection of spouse selection procedure. By using collected data through questionnaires, it conducted descriptive statistics, cluster analysis and t-test. The type of marriage would be divided into the emotional marriage group and the implemental marriage group The emotional marriage group had longer dating time and more satisfaction of spouse selection than the implemental group. On value variable, the emotional marriage group had more subjective selection standard and more expectation social and emotional benefit than the latter group. On search variable, the emotional marriage group estimated the relation stability and satisfied the relation with spouse more than the implemental marriage group and expected the less possibility to meet new partner.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.17-42
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• 1997

From September 2, 1995 through October 31, this questionnaire was made by the 1, 200 industrial workers who work for 15 enterprises of 5 types of business. And it was for helping to devise a policy and to develop a program for industrial workers' health promotion by understanding the consciousness behavior level of industrial workers in our country and the related factors which are under the influence of it and health promotion behavior. The summary and conclusions are as follows. 1. In health promotion score level by related factors, the health diagmosis level score was 7. 37(81.9/100) of the perfect score 9, nutrition level score was 7.00(77.8/100), health education behavior level score was 6.00(66.7/100), exercise behavior level score was 6.01(66.8/100), occupational disease knowledge level score was 6.00(66.7/100). 2. Health diagnosis behavior level was significantly high when the age is older, when the occupation term is longer, when the economic status is better. And wjem tje satosfoed degree for vocational aptitude, working environment, and the education contents. 3. Nutrition (dietary habit) status level was high in men, in the age group of 40 over, in the group of having their spouse, in the group of being paid over one million won a month, in the upper economic classes (P〈0.001). It was also high in graduates middle school and in daytime workers (P〈0.05). 4. Health education behavior level was high in the older ahe hroup, in a single life (separation by death, divouce, separation) and in the longer occupation term(P〈0.001). 5. Exercises behavior level was high in men, in the workers who are paid 500～990 thousand won a month, in the better economic classes(P〈0.01). 6. Knowledge level on an occupational disease was high in men, in the older age group, in the group of having a spouse, In the workers who are paid 500～990 thousand won a month, in the group of having a longer occupation term, and in the residents living not in a large city(P〈0.01). 7. When health status was higher, health promotion behavior, behavior level, health diagnosis (P〈0.001), nutrition(P〈0.05), health education behavior (P〈0.05), exercise behavior(P〈0.01) and the knowledge level on an occupation disease was high. 8. The main factors which are under the influence on the degree of practicing healthy life were the level of knowledge and behavior, sex, his/her health status, and the satisfied degree of working environment. These variables could explain it 18.0%. 9. The factors which are under the influence on health promotion behavior and behavior levels were the variables of the satisfied degerr of education contents, sex, health knowledge, economic status, health status, occupation terms, monthly income, working tiredness. These variables could explain it 21.3%. By these results, it is inportant for industrial workers' health promotion to level up the health diagnosis behavior, dietary habit considering nutrition, behavior on health education, behavior for exercise, and knowledge on an occupational disease. Especially we should develop the proper program considered sex, health status, satisfied degree of working environment and education contents, economic status, eccupation terms, knowledge on health, and behavior level. Because health promotion business gies in gear with productivity promotion.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.51-69
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• 2019

One of the most considerate phenomena of the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is the use of digital devices. Digitalization is rapidly advancing through all areas of industry and life. Customer journey with digitalization is looking totally different from previous customer journey. The research targets were users of fashion, automobiles, cosmetics and online shopping malls. We analyzed 300 people for each valid questionnaire. The results of the study are as follows. First, it has been proven that digital experience affects positive (+) impact on purchasing intention and positive (+) impact on recommending intention and negative impact (-) on switching intent and subsequently affects positive impact (+) to purchase and incase of switching intent, negative impact (-) to purchase. Unlike traditional methods such as SPC(Service Profit Chain), the Digital experience to Purchase process Chain (DPC) has been identified to be suitable in the digital age. Second, the digital satisfied group (5 score-very satisfaction) has shown same result as above. However the digital neutral group (even though 4 score- satisfaction in five-point scale), specially in a highly competitive industry, has different from the satisfied group and 3 score-normal is same as dissatisfied group. It means that this group is that If there is a high level of attractiveness of substitute goods, there is a high possibility of switching them. It has supported Jones and Sasser [1995] that there have been two types of loyalty of true long-term loyalty and what we call false loyalty in the highly competitive industry zone which is commoditization or low differentiation, many substitutes, low cost of switching. Identifying true loyalty and false loyalty is crucial to establishing a customer experience strategy. it is necessary to actively utilize long-term digital experiences strategy to increase the total satisfaction of digital experience through all of customer purchasing journey in order to enhance the digital customer experience. It is difficult to see the effect as a one-time event. It should be scaled over the entire customer purchase process over a long period of time, which can positively affect purchase intention, recommendation intention, and conversion intention. This is also why it is difficult for second-runners to overtake first-runners in a short period.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.224-235
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• 2009

This study aimed to research meal quality and the dietary behaviors of college students for desirable dietary lives and provides basic data for nutritional education by examining polymorphism distribution of the UCP2 gene according to gender, by investigating attitudes in terms of their dietary habits and dietary lives, and by analyzing serum lipid levels and body composition. A survey was conducted with a total of 222 students - 93 male and 129 females. Based on a selfreporting method, the questionnaires were answered over 20 minutes, and UCP2 insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and blood samples were also analyzed. The results showed that the male students and female students had average BMI of 22.50 and $20.73\;kg/m^2$, respectively. According to answers regarding their dietary lives, 51.4% of the students showed 'irregular eating' patterns, which is regarded as something to be corrected. In terms of eating regularity, 51.6% of the male students and 59.7% of the female students had irregular meal schedules. As the most important meal of a day, 64.0% of the students answered 'breakfast' but only 53.6% answered that they ate breakfast everyday. In addition, 39.8% of the male students and 50.4% of the female students ate between meals 'once a day'. When questioned if they were satisfied with their body shape, 17.8 and 45.2% of the male students answered they were 'satisfied' or needed to 'gain weight', respectively, whereas 17.8 and 77.5% of the female students answered they were 'satisfied' or needed to 'lose weight', respectively. The results of the UCP2 gene polymorphism analysis showed that 33.7% of the males belonged to the DI heterozygote group, 64.2% belonged to the DD homozygote group, and 2.1% belonged to the II homozygote group. For the female students, 63.4% belonged to the DI heterozygote group, 35.1% belonged to the DD homozygote group, and 1.5% belonged to the II homozygote group. According to the blood and serum lipid analyses, the male students showed average HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and hemoglobin levels of 57.20, 93.80, and 15.00 mg/dL, respectively, while the female students presented average levels of 56.69, 102.88, and 13.13 mg/dL, respectively. In conclusion, this study found no significant effects in terms of UCP2 gene polymorphisms, but it is suggested that practical plans must be designed that allow college students to use nutritional knowledge in their daily lives, and in particular, nutrition education needs to be develop that would enable female college students to recognize their bodies appropriately and to control their weight in desirable ways.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.114-130
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• 2013

The present study analyzed the tattoo image and body satisfaction according to the self-esteem. The samples were consisted of 191 female college students located in Kyunggi-do. The survey was implemented during may~july, 2012. Data were analyzed by frequency, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, t-test, CPA, and Duncan-test. The results are as follows. Significant difference about tattoo image and body satisfaction was found in the group divided by the self-esteem. 'Individual personality' group had a tendency to be higher level than other group about appearance satisfaction and to be better image about Tattoo. 'Ego-centrism' group showed low level about good image of Tattoo. However, that group more satisfied their appearances than other groups. 'passive management' group showed lower level than other group about positive Tattoo image-building.