• 분석과학
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.89-98
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• 2023

Analytical methods for detecting atranol, chloroatranol, evernic acid, (+)-usnic acid, and atranorin in sanitary napkins and mouthwashes were developed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). UHPLC-MS/MS conditions were optimized for rapid, sensitive, and simultaneous analysis of the five allergenic compounds. The methods were validated by assessing their specificity, matrix effects, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, accuracy, and precision. Good linearity was achieved with a determination coefficient of ≥0.99. The LOD and LOQ were 2.1-9.8 and 6.4-29.6 ng/g for sanitary napkins and 0.29-0.48 and 0.87-1.45 ng/mL for mouthwashes, respectively. The accuracy and precision were within an acceptable range according to the criteria reported in the European SANTE/11813/2017 guidelines (70-120 % recovery, <20 % relative standard deviation). Therefore, these methods can be used to analyze atranol, chloroatranol, evernic acid, (+)-usnic acid, and atranorin in sanitary napkins and mouthwashes.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 1991

건축설비공사(建築設備工事) 표준시방서(標準示方書) (기계부문(機械部門))은 1980년(年)에 제정(制定)되었으나 그동안 개정(改正)의 기회가 없었다. 금회 개정(改正)에서는 과거 기준중(基準中)의 불합리(不合理)한 부분(部分)과 신공법(新工法)의 출현이나, 법규(法規) 등의 변화에 따른 내용을 포함하여 개편되었으며, 특히 가스설비공사에 해당하는 부분을 삭제(削除)하고, 설비공사(設備工事)범위에 해당되는 부분에 국한하였다.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1992

Recently water demand is increasing as the industry prospers. The increase of water demand is followed by the increase of wastewater discharge which pollutes rivers and ground water extensively. These rivers, reservoirs and ground water are sources for drinking water and their contamination affects the quality of water supply and other potable water. In Korea there are 776 water treatment plants which supply drinking water from main rivers or reservoirs. Rivers are the biggest water source for drinking water is being contaminated, the innovation of treatment process is needed. The construction and operation of water supply facilities is under the control of the Ministry of Construction and the water supply offices of cities and provinces. However, drinking water quality is under the control of the bureau of sanitation in the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. There are 33 items in drinking water quality standards of Korea. Trihalomethanes, Selenium, Diazinone and other three of pesticides have been included lately, The Ministry of Health and Social Affairs is planning to enhance. the level of $VOC_S$(Vola-tile Organic Compounds) standard. Drinking water quality standard is the goal to protect the quality of supply water and ground water. In order to protect the source water from domestic or industrial water, technological improvement and adequate investment should be urgently made. The ultimate goal of drinking water quality is safety and health of consumers. The more stringent the standard are, the better the water quality will be. As the drinking water quality standards become more stringent this year, various and positive solutions by the authorities concerned must be prepared.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 1996

The pressure fluctuations in a gas-solid fluidized bed has been analysed using s statistical method interpreting fluidized 냥d behavior. The performing statistical a analysis of the pressure fluctuations in a fluidized bed of 6.7cm-ID. using uniform p particle size of 115 to $1015{\mu}m$ in diameter. The fluidized gas used air(velocity 0.1~1.2m/sec) at settled bed height to diameter ratios which is LlD=l.O. Then, the pressure fluctuations measured by DPT(differantial pressure transducer). The measuring characteristic values of pressure fluctuation were the mean value and standard value, and also, it has been found that the standard deviation of the pressure fluctuations can be effectively used to predict minimum fluidizing velocity and to explain the fluidized phenomena.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.853-859
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• 2009

각국의 여성용 위생용품의 유해중금속을 비교 평가하기 위하여, 일회용 생리대는 한국 3개사, 일본 2개사, 미국 3개사, 독일 3개사, 중국 2개사의 시료와, 여성용 일회용 탐폰은 한국 1개사, 일본 2개사, 미국 2개사 시료를 대상으로 Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Cd, Pb의 유해중금속 분석을 행하였다. 여성용 일회용 생리대의 용출실험에서는 Cr, Ni, Cu가 모든 시료에서 검출 되었다. 또한 여성용 일회용 탐폰의 용출실험에서 Cr, Ni, Cu 가 모든 시료에서 검출 되었다. 여성용 일회용 탐폰의 용출실험의 결과는 생리대의 결과값보다 낮은 농도롤 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 분석한 각국 여성용 일회용 위생용품의 유해중금속의 분석값은 Oeko-Tex Standard 100의 규제치와의 비교에서 규제치 이하로 인체유해성은 없는 것으로 판단되어진다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2001

The aims of this study were to examine contamination sources and provide the basic data in establishment of sanitary standard for raw pork meat. From \"Random sampling(I)\", initial total plate counts of post-slaughter samples for the group A, B and C were 1.5${\times}10^4$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, 5.5${\times}10^5$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$ and 1.8${\times}10^4$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, respectively, and of post-prechilling samples for the group A, B and C were 1.0${\times}10^4$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, 4.6${\times}10^5$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$ and 2.5${\times}10^4$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. Initial total plate counts of post-transportation samples for the group D, E and F did not increased, as did the group A, B and C. From \"Normal sampling(II)\", initial total plate counts of post-slaughter, post-prechilling, post-transportation and post-2 days preservation samples were 7.3${\times}10^4$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, 9.6${\times}10^4$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, 2.0${\times}10^5$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$ and 2.5${\times}10^5$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, respectively. From \"Clean sampling(III)\", initial total plate counts of post-slaughter, post-prechilling, post-transportation and post-2 days preservation samples were decreased to 7.0${\times}10^2$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, 7.5${\times}10^2$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, 8.5${\times}10^2$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$ and 5.5${\times}10^3$cfu/$textrm{cm}^2$, respectively, compared with "Normal sampling(II)". No E. coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella were detected at each sampling step. Consequently, a slaughter method like "Clean sampling(III)" showed a better sanitary effect to low total plate counts of 10$^2$∼10$^3$times, compared with "Normal sampling(II)". The one of contamination sources for raw pork meat was at a slaughtering step, and "Clean sampling" method may be considered as the one of sanitary standards.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.79-90
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• 1988

Untill to-day the disposal of municipal refuse in Korea is entirely depending on dumping the refuse into concave land except a few case that bring about the secondary pollution by generating insects, offensive odour and the dust blow which cause adverse effects to dwelling community in the vicinity. It is widely recognized since Korea is ready to be advanced nation must be carried out the proper way of refuse disposal as meet with the environmental standard and ready to accept by general public. Refuse disposal that is practiced by world wide is known as sanitary landfill although it bears some what the expensive construction and operation costs rather than the plain dumping. The following statement is the construction of sanitary landfill in brief. When one takes a look at the Unites States which has huge territory normaly carry out the refuse disposal by anaerobic improved landfill method while the country has limitted land is experimenting various types of landfill which bring about the earier reuse of completed landfill site and minimise the secondary pollution. The author of this article consider out of several landfill methods the semi aerobic landfill will be widely applied in Korea in coming day, the following article will elaborate little more about the semi aerobic method.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.571-579
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• 2004

There is a need to improve the efficiency of the existing sanitary treatment facilities, because the effluent standard becomes more stricter and septic sludge increased. Thus, operating processes of sanitary treatment system in M city changed with installation of additional facilities. Process modifications were as follows: Dilution water was added to the next process after primary aeration tank. Some secondary sedimentation sludge was recycled to primary aerator so that most of the organics were stabilized in primary aeration tank under automatic control of dissolved oxygen. The line of effluent from dewatering process flowing to the activated sludge tank was changed to the primary aerator. The primary sedimentation sludge line was linked to a thickener. Polymer was added to the activated sludge tank. The effluent of primary aerator and aerobic digester was recycled from the 5th to the 1st sector. As consequencies of above process modifications, the improvement of removal efficiency was achieved as BOD 54%, COD 42%, SS 61%, T-N 39%, and T-P 12%, respectively.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2015

Purpose : As the number of the transportation poor has increased, the application of Universal Design on urban railway station has recently been focused. However, the current criteria used in domestic areas did not show the characteristic of facilities within urban railway station. Therefore, this study aims to explore the detailed criteria in applying ideas from Universal Design to sanitary facilities, especially toilets within railway station. Method : This study explores the criteria by evaluating findings from previous studies. First, the current situation of sanitary facilities in railway station is assessed. Then, the detailed criteria applicable to railway station toilets are concluded, by reviewing types of transportation poor and principles of Universal Design. Result : Findings from this study are as follows. First, the current criteria applied to railway station toilets lack ideas of Universal Design, so the better criteria applicable to sanitary facilities in railway station are necessary. Second, standard criteria used in domestic areas with newly additional criteria suggest that sanitary facilities should be established according to those criteria. Taken together, the better sanitary facilities should be provided to railway users through the application of Universal Design to railway station toilets. Implication : For the future users in railway station toilets, the additional research on types of diverse space and other sanitary facilities within railway station should have been continued.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2001

The number of covered carts selling snack foods along the streets are increasing in Korea and people enjoy eating foods at these carts. However there are only a few reports on the contamination or sanitary condition of the food carts. This study was performed to investigate the sanitary condition of food and water at the street food carts in the eight major areas of a city. Water and several kinds of food, kimbop(laver rollers) ddeokbokki(stir fried rice cake in hot pepper paste) oemuk(fish cakes) fish cake soup, and soy sauce were collected from four street carts from each of the 8 areas from June to August in 2001 The standard plate counts(SPCs) and coliform groups were examined according to the Food Code of Korea. The nufitness rates of SPCs of the samples were 0~15.6%: 15.6% in kimbop:6.3% in fish cake soup; and 3.1% in water samples SPCs were not detected in some samples. of ddeokbokki, oemuk and soy sauce. The unfitness rates of coliform groups were 0~62.5%; 46.9% in kimbop; 6.3% in ddeokbokki,;22.9% in oemuk 62.5% in fish cake soup; and 3.1% in soy sauce. Coliform groups were not detected in water sample The numbers and unfitness rates of SPCs and coliform groups showed increasing tendencies over time within a day. The higher the air temperature was the more increase of bacteriological growth was observed These results indicate that the level of bacteriological contamination of foods and water in the street carts should be monitored and strict inspection is necessary. There should be legal consequences for serving contaminated food to the public.