• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 1968

Food and nutritional survey was made on two kinds of milk (one: 30 samples of bottled milk, the others: 30 samples of prepared milk), which are bottled market cow milk in Seoul city to examine the general ingredients, adulteration and degeneration. The results of survey indicated that the bottled milk delivered to home is relatively better than the prepared milk from the view point of food and nutrition. Moreover the quality of the prepared milk is poor because of adulteration through adding water or skim milk powder in order to increase quantity, consequently the prepared milk is under the nutritional standard. However it indicated that some of the bottled milk are rather inferior from the view point of food and nutrition, so certain measure is required for improving the quality of bottled and prepared milk. Most of the bottled milk and the prepared milk containing Coli-form bacteria have a possiblity to harm the citizen's health as a medium of infectious disease, such a fact is really serious problem from the view point of the national health, considering the general trend of milk consumption increase. It is urgent for us to take a scientific inspection on the sanitary management and take a formidable measure in handling of milk.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.211-212
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• 2019

It is possible to realize the concept of long-life housing by utilizing the wall piping infill system. However, when using the wall piping infill system, there is no detailed standard in Korea. Problems may occur in actual use. In this study, we use the results obtained from the performance test method as a basic data. Since the load resistance test of the toilet is not available in Korea, GB 6952 (Sanitary wares) of China is applied. According to the experiment of load resistance of the toilet in this study, the strain recovery ability was good. However, it is not possible to exclude the possibility of permanent deformation of the toilet seat due to long - term repeated loading. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the stiffness enhancement of the wall (steel frame) to the fixing part when installing the toilet in the wall pipe infill system.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.304-311
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• 2014

Disaster Resources are the resources used in the disaster fields such as fire, typhoon, flood, collapse, flood damage, distress, relief, sanitary, explosion and so forth. The resources are distributed by the several institutes including governmental agencies, public institution, and private sectors. When the large scale disaster is occurred, many kinds of the disaster resources are needed. But it is not easy to know where institutes has the needed resources, because the resource management systems are all distributed in the each institute. To integrate or connect the resource data among the systems, it need the several kinds of coordinations such as terms, classification, and resource exchange protocols. In this paper, we propose the standard specifications and how to connect and exchange the data among the systems.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.1623-1632
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• 2008

In food choice, consumers consider importantly food safely and reliability focusing on a high qualify control. Also they are concerned about sustainable production and consumption considering of area and environment. In this paper, We propose and design the high-quality seafood production support system that is based on international sanitary standard haccp, traceability and eco-fiendly seafood certification for safety and reliability of the seafood production. The system is categorized into five part: aquafarm haccp, environmental control monitoring, traceability, disease prevention and messenger service and seafood price inquiry service. The proposed system utilize diverse ubiquitous-it technologies like usn, network cctv, mobile device etc.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.119-134
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study was to expound the packaging framework system(PFS) under international trade rules. Design/methodology/approach - This study analyzed packaging framework system and packaging regulations and technical standards in international regulations and major countries and classified these in some standards Findings - First, the study provides packaging provisions associated with packaging regulations and technical standards (PRTS). Then, the basis of PFS in international trade rules was proposed; it is believed that the PFS was composed of packaging legal system in WTO institutional framework (WTO-PLS), international organization packaging standard system (IO-PSS) and major countries or regions packaging regulatory system (MCR-PRS). Secondly, this paper expounded relations and legal characteristics of the three packaging systems. Finally, This study investigated PRTS coverage under technical barriers to trade (TBT) and Sanitary and Phytosanitary measures (SPS). Research implications or Originality - The regulations associated with PRTS have played a key role in challenges to merchandise trade in international trade. This study has significance in classifying packaging related reticulations into several criteria unlike previous studies. Therefore it is hope that this study can provide a supplementary document for the existing research of PRTS.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.73-87
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• 1981

Generation of Solid Wastes grew rapidly with the increase of living standard of the people in Korea recently and their composition was more complicate. The weight of Solid wastes generated in Seoul into year of 1979 was about 420 million tons which required 1.5 million $m^2$ of burial land and daily generation for person was 1.6kg. The Composition of more than 80% ash contents was suitable for sanitary landfill but recently ash was decreasing while paper, synthetic materials, glass etc, increasing and alternative method had to be found to dispose the wastes properly. Weight and Composition of Wastes by season and living standard were surveyed for one year from June 1980 to May 1981 in Seoul. Disposal mathods by waste composition was studied. Results were summarized as follows: 1) Each component stored separately at generation point was to be collected and to be reused or disposed by public organization or private company. Some incentives have to be arranged. 2) Wastes collected from household were transfeted to about 420 temporally storing places and transported to two dumping areas by about 700, 4-8 tons trucks which droped litters on the streets. Large dumping lots should constructed along the western coasts and the wastes would be transported through big container trucks or trains to the lots. 3) Ash contents decreased to 40-70% while garbage, synthetic materials, paper increased and they are two to three times in summer of those in winter. Ash in affluent residential areas is less than 50% of whole wastes while that in poor apartment and residential areas is 60-70%. 4) Large dumping places should be constructed along the western coasts which are not far from Seoul because no suitalbe lands are available, and proper leakage protection arrangements should be made.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.445-453
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• 2012

This study examined microbial contamination during seasoned and dried squid Dosidicus gigas processing, including the apparatus, machines, and employee's gloves at each step in processing at two companies. The numbers of bacteria floating in air in each processing area were also examined. The numbers of Staphylococcus aureus (3.6-6.0 log CFU/g) and Escherichia coli (1.3-1.4 log MPN/100 g) in domestic and imported daruma (a semi-processed product of seasoned and dried squid) at companies A and B exceeded the regulatory limits of the Food Sanitary Law of Korea (S. aureus, ${\leq}2.0$ log CFU/g; E. coli, negative). S. aureus in both daruma was reduced to below the detection limit or 3.6 log CFU/g after the roasting step, but increased again to 3.3 and 5.5 log CFU/g after the mechanical tearing step at companies A and B, respectively. E. coli showed similar tendencies at both companies. The surfaces of the apparatus, machines, and employee's gloves that contacted daruma were also contaminated with S. aureus (1.0-5.5 log CFU/$m^2$) and E. coli (negative-to 3.5 log MPN/$m^2$). The numbers of bacteria floating in air were high (1.7-5.1 log CFU/$m^3$) at both companies. These results suggest that sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOP) must be developed to control of microbial cintamination in seasoned and dried squid.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.441-448
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify HACCP-based CCP and CP from the microbial quality assessment on the process of side dish (stir-fried dried-shrimp with garlic stems) production in the meal service operation for the elderly. Total plate counts (TPC) of fresh garlic stalks were $7.80{\times}10^{3}$ CFU/g and they were above the standard value of microbial growth potential. The TPC, Coliform and E.coli were not detected in the dried shrimps. The TPCs after rinsing and slicing the garlic stems were $2.5{\times}10^{2}$ CFU/g and $5.5{\times}10^{2}$ CFU/g, respectively. The TPC number of cook’s hand and cutting board were also exceeded the standard limit with values of $2.2{\times}10^{2}$ CFU/g and $10.0{\times}10$ CFU/g, respectively. However, the TPC, Coliform and E.coli were not detected in the other cooking instruments. The identified CCP in inspection step was fresh garlic stems and that of prepreparation step was slicing the stems after blanching. Cook’s hand and cutting board were also verified as CCP and the other steps in cooking process and utensils tested were identified as CP’s. These result’s suggest that it is important to control the microbial contamination of raw materials at purchasing step and the sanitary education program should be developed for the employees for continuous supplement of safe and sound meal service for the elderly.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1982

Engineering phase of dairy housing systems has close connection with the milk produc- tivity of dairy cattle, the quality of milk, extension of dairy production systems, labor- saving in management of dairy cattle and the like. Moreover, the rate of investment of dairy housing facilities is of relatively high level, However, there has been almost no research effort for the improvement of engineering aspects of dairy housing systems in Korea. The purpose of this study is to find out general engineering problems and to recomm- end the improvement in dairy housing systems in Korea. Field survey by means of questionaire, direct measurements, taking pictures and sketching was conducted to get necessary information for the study. Kyung-ki Do region was firstly chosen for sampling area since it has included more than half of the number of dairy farms of the whole country. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. In overall dairy farm layout, the dwellings of workers were ignored in the light of sanitary environment 2. The layout of stalls in a dairy barn belongs mostly to the type of double-row face-out, which is compatible with the emphasis of manure disposal activities. 3. While the width and length of stalls were sufficiently close to the standard dimension, the width of mangers was much less than the standard dimension. 4. The width and depth of manure gutters and the width of working alleys were much. less than the standard dimension. 5. The mooring equipment was mostly in the classes of chain or rope. The watering equipment was not facilitated independantly except the one cese of using watercup. 6. The bucket milkers with one or two bucket milkers with the capacity of two cattles. each were used as milking equipment in most dairy farms. 7. There were only few milk rooms independently spaced from other space, in which the arrangement of milking equipment was much less than the standard condition. 8. The lounging ground area was averaged to be sufficient for the activity of dairy herd. 9. Silos for silage used during winter consisted of mostly bunker silos, trench silos and underground vertical silos. Ordinary vertical silos were considered for the farmers to be inconvenient for the labor saving. 10. From the view point of heat conservation and moisture removal within the dairy barns, windows were not flexible for the easy ventilation and ceiling part was not adequate for temperatur maintenance. 11. Waste treatment and disposal systems were not provided with most dairy farms, therefore the livestock waste pollution problems would be serious in the near future.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.303-308
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to investigate the microbial contamination level of domestic kitchen environments and to provide information to improve food safety in 50 domestic house kitchens located in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do. Dishcloth, chopping board, and refrigerator swabs were examined for the presence of coliforms, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. The means and standard deviations of coliform counts for dishcloths was $4.8{\pm}1.84log\;CFU/100g$, chopping boards, and refrigerator drawers were $4.04{\pm}1.53$, $4.11{\pm}1.65log\;CFU/100cm^2$, respectively. Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter jejuni/coli were not detected in all samples. E. coli were detected in 3 on the dishcloths and 1 of 50 samples in the refrigerator drawer. Listeria monocytogenes was detected in the drawer of the refrigerator in 2 of 50 samples. In the case of Staphylococcus aureus, the detection on dishcloths, chopping boards, and drawers in refrigerators was 21, 12, and 14 of 50 samples, respectively. The results of microbiological tests of domestic kitchen utensils can be used to emphasize the importance of the sanitary conditions in domestic kitchen environments.