• 한국유통학회지:유통연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.103-125
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 최근 물류시스템과 통신매체의 급격한 발달로 인하여 보편화된 가정 내 쇼핑채널을 연구함에 있어서 새로운 접근방법이 필요함을 제시하고 있다. 가정 내 쇼핑채널 각각에 구매의도에 대한 영향요인을 검토하는 채널중심 연구는 가정 내 쇼핑채널이 보편화된 현재에는 큰 의미를 가지기 어렵다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 고객중심 채널연구의 필요성을 제기하고 가정 내 쇼핑채널 이용비중과 이용다양성에 대한 고객특성과 쇼핑특성의 영향을 고객 중심적으로 검토하였다. 표본의 선택성을 고려하고 종속변수 간 인과관계를 모델에 반영하기 위하여 선택성을 가진 동시방정식 모델을 통하여 실증분석을 수행하였다. 연구결과 첫째로 가정 내 쇼핑채널 이용비중과 이용다양성은 서로 영향이 없는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 둘째로 점포형 쇼핑채널 중에서 특히 백화점 이용이 증가할수록 가정 내 쇼핑채널 이용비중은 감소하는 것으로 나타나고 있으며, 셋째로 고객특성 및 쇼핑특성은 가정 내 쇼핑채널 이용다양성에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타나고 있다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.118-118
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• 2008

The oxide CMP has been applied to interlayer dielectric(ILD) and shallow trench isolation (STI) in chip fabrication. Recently the slurry used in oxide CMP being changed from silica slurry to ceria (cerium dioxide) slurry particularly in STI CMP, because the material selectivity of ceria slurry is better than material selectivity of silica slurry. Moreover, the ceria slurry has good a planarization efficiency, compared with silica slurry. However ceria abrasives make a material removal rate too high at the region of wafer center. Then we focuses on why profile of material removal rate is convex. The material removal rate sharply increased to 3216 $\AA$/min by $4^{th}$ run without conditioning. After $4^{th}$ run, material removal rate converged. Furthermore, profile became more convex during 12 run. And average material removal rate decreased when conditioning process is added to end of CMP process. This is due to polishing mechanism of ceria. Then the ceria abrasive remains at the pad, in particular remains more at wafer center contacted region of pad. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images showed that the pad sample in the wafer center region has a more ceria abrasive than in wafer outer region. The energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) verified the result that ceria abrasive is deposited and more at the region of wafer center. Therefore, this result may be expected as ceria abrasives on pad surface causing the convex profile of material removal rate.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.240-244
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• 2004

The objective of this research was to develop the adsorbent far heavy metals by activating the bark sample. Barks from pine tree with diameters of $2{\sim}4\;mm$ were activated in the muffle furnace under a high relative humidity condition at temperatures of $600{\sim}900^{\circ}C$. The removal efficiency of the activated bark (ACTBARK) for Cu and Cd was temperature dependent showing the order of $900^{\circ}C$ > $800^{\circ}C$ > $700^{\circ}C$ > $600^{\circ}C$. The critical temperature was considered to be $900^{\circ}C$ to become an efficient adsorbent for Cu and Cd. The bark samples activated at temperatures lower than $700^{\circ}C$ showed a less removal efficiency than the crude bark. The ACTBARK activated at $900^{\circ}C$ removed more Cu and Cd from solution than the commercial activated carbon and charcoal. The ACTBARK (activated at $900^{\circ}C$) adsorbed all of the Cu and Cd in solution with concentrations less than 150 mg/L. The selectivity of the ACTBARK was in the order of Cu > Zn > Ni > Pb > Fe > Cd > Mn.

• Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.2185-2190
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• 2018

Methane activation through oxychlorination is in the spotlight due to the relatively mild reaction conditions at atmospheric pressure and in the temperature range of $450-550^{\circ}C$. Although $CeO_2$ is known to exhibit good activity for methane oxychlorination, significant amounts of by-products such as $CO_2$, CO and carbon deposits are produced during the reaction over $CeO_2$. We investigated the effect of iron in $FeO_x/CeO_2$ catalysts on methane oxychlorination. $FeO_x/CeO_2$ with 3 wt% iron shows the maximum yield at $510^{\circ}C$ with 23% conversion of methane and 65% selectivity of chloromethane. XRD and $H_2$ TPR results indicate that iron-cerium solid solution was formed, resulting in the production of more easily reduced cerium oxide and the suppression of catalysts sintering during the reaction. Furthermore, the selectivity of by-products decreased more significantly over $FeO_x/CeO_2$ than cerium oxide, which can be attributed to the facilitation of HCl oxidation arising from the enhanced reducibility of the former sample.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제50권
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• pp.97-107
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• 2023

Malaria remains to be one of the most severe global public health concerns. Traditionally, Aspilia Africana and Warburgia ugandensis have been used to treat malaria in several African countries for millennia. In the current study, A. africana calli (AaC), A. africana in vitro roots (AaIR), A. africana wild leaf (AaWL), and W. ugandensis stem bark (WuSB) were dried and pulverized. Fourier transform near-infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the powdered samples, while 80% ethanolic extracts of each sample were assayed for antiplasmodial activity (against Plasmodium falciparum strains DD2 (chloroquine-resistant) and 3D7 (chloroquine-sensitive)) and cytotoxicity. WuSB showed the highest antiplasmodial activity (IC₅₀ = 1.57 ± 0.210 ㎍/ml and 8.92 ± 0.365 ㎍/ml against P. falciparum 3D7 and DD2, respectively) and selectivity indices (43.90 ± 7.914 and 7.543 ± 0.051 for P. falciparum 3D7 and DD2, respectively). The highest total polyphenolic contents (total phenolic and flavonoid contents of 367.9 ± 3.55 mg GAE/g and 203.9 ± 1.43 mg RUE/g, respectively) were recorded for WuSB and the lowest were recorded for AaC. The antiplasmodial activities of the tested plant tissues correlated positively with total polyphenolic content. The high selectivity indices of WuSB justify its traditional applications in treating malaria and present it as a good candidate for discovering new antimalarial compounds. We recommend elicitation treatment for AaIR, which showed moderate antiplasmodial activity against P. falciparum DD2, to increase its secondary metabolite production for optimal antimalarial activity.

• 분석과학
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2019

Methamphetamine (MA) is currently the most abused illicit drug in Korea and its major metabolite is amphetamine (AP). As MA exist as two enantiomers with the different pharmacological properties, it is necessary to determine their respective amounts in a sample. Thus a chiral stationary phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for identification and quantification of d-MA, l-MA, d-AP, and l-AP in human urine. Urine sample ($200{\mu}L$) was diluted with pure water and purified using solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. A $5-{\mu}L$ aliquot of SPE treated sample solution was injected into LC-MS/MS system. Chiral separation was carried out on the Astec Chirobiotic V2 column with an isocratic elution for each enantiomer. Identification and quantification of enantiomeric MA and AP was performed using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) detection mode. Linear regression with a $1/x^2$ as the weighting factor was applied to generate a calibration curve. The linear ranges were 25-1000 ng/mL for all compounds. The intra- and inter-day precisions were within 3.6 %, while the intra- and inter-day accuracies ranged from -5.4 % to 11.8 %. The limits of detection were 2.5 ng/mL (d-MA), 3.5 ng/mL (l-MA), 7.5 ng/mL (d-AP), and 7.5 ng/mL (l-AP). Method validation parameters such as selectivity, matrix effect, and stability were evaluated and met acceptance criteria. The applicability of the method was tested by the analysis of genuine forensic urine samples from drug abusers. d-MA is the most common compound found in urine and mainly used by abusers.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.734-741
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 전극전위 분석법을 사용하여 중성운반체로 dibenzo-18-crown-6(D18Cr6)와 valinomycin(Val)을 이용하여 $K^+$ 이온선택성 PVC막 전극의 막과 용액계면에서의 전극특성을 검토하였다. PVC막에서 감응물질(운반체)에 기본전해질의 혼입 (doping)여부, 감응물질의 종류와 함량, 가소제, 막두께 및 이온의 활동도변화에 따른 전극의 기울기, 선형응답범위 한계측정농도 및 방해이온에 따른 선택계수 등 전극특성을 검토하였다. 중성운반체로 D18Cr6, Val을 $K^+$ 이온으로 착체형성하여 사용하였고, 가소제로 dibutylphthalate(DBP), dioctyl sebacate(DOS) 및 dibutyl sebacate(DBS)를, 혼입제인 기본전해질로 potassium tetraphenylborate (KTPB) 및 용매로 THF를 지지체로 PVC를 이용하여 막을 제조하였다. 운반체의 최적 함량은 D18Cr6와 Val의 경우 3.23 wt %이었고, 가소제는 DBP가 가장 적절한 가소제이었다. 막두께에 대한 영향은 최적 막두께 이상에서는 막두께가 얇아질수록 전극특성이 좋아졌으나, 막두께가 이 이하로 얇아지면 운반체의 용출, 막의 강도 등이 작용하여 전극특성이 나빠짐을 알 수 있었다. D18Cr6의 경우 $K^+$ 이온에 대한 혼합용액법에 의한 선택계수 서열은 다음과 같았다: $NH_4{^+}>Ca^{2+}>Mg^{2+}>Na^+$.

• 공업화학
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.576-583
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• 2023

본 연구는 돼지 뼈 기반의 바이오매스를 가지고 새로운 흡착재의 활용가능성을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여 돼지 뼈 기반 활성탄소(pig bone based activated carbon, PAC)의 물리화학적 특성을 확인하고 이산화탄소 흡착 성능을 고찰하였다. 활성화제로 KOH를 사용하였으며, 활성화 온도가 증가할수록 비표면적이 증가하며 이산화탄소의 흡착 효율도 증가하였다. 800 ℃에서 활성화된 샘플은 1208.7 m²/g로 가장 큰 비표면적을 나타내었으며, 273 K, 1 bar에서 3.33 mmol/g로 높은 이산화탄소 흡착 효율을 보였다. 그러나 활성화 온도가 900 ℃ 이상인 조건에서는 결정성의 변화 및 과활성화로 인하여 비표면적과 이산화탄소 흡착 효율이 감소하였다. 한편 이상흡착용액이론으로 그 선택도 계산을 수행하였을 때, 273 K, 0.8 bar 이하에서 PAC-900 샘플이 가장 좋은 선택도를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 273 K에서의 이산화탄소/질소 흡착은 900 ℃에서 돼지 뼈가 활성화될 때 탄산염이 분해됨으로써 형성된 하이드록시아파타이트의 이산화탄소 흡착성과 그 결정성으로 인해 높은 선택도가 얻어진 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.356-361
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• 2013

Lead (II) ion selective poly(aniline) solid contact electrode based on Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide ionophore as a sulfur containing sensing material is successfully developed. The electrode exhibits good linear response of 25.6 mV / decade (at $20{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$, r2=0.995) within the concentration range of $1.0{\times}10^{-1}{\sim}4.0{\times}10^{-7}$ M Pb (II). The composition of this electrode was Ionophore : PVC : dioctylphthalate : potassiumtetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate : Oleic acid = 5.0 : 20.0 : 25.0 : 4.0 : 5.0. When we consider the results of using different composition electrodes based on only one potassiumtetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate or Oleic acid liphophlic additive, poly(aniline) solid contact electrode based on Tetramethylthiuram monosulfide ionophore with potassiumtetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate and Oleic acid liphophlic additive had the best result in response characteristics. The electrode shows good selectivity for lead (II) ion in comparison with alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. This electrode is suitable for use with aqueous solutions of pH 3.0 ~ 7.0 and their standard deviation in the measured emf differences was ${\pm}2.94$ mV at Tris buffered lead sample solution of $1.0{\times}10^{-2}$ M and ${\pm}2.82$ mV at Tris buffered lead sample solution of $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M. Their stabilization time was less than 710 s. and response time was less than 16 s.

• 분석과학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2003

공업지역에서 악취원인물질로 잘 알려진 황화물은 매우 낮은 최소 후각감지농도를 나타낸다. 여러 악취발생원 주변의 대기 중 미량의 황화합물을 아르곤에서 농축시켜 선택성과 감도가 우수한 불꽃 광도 검출기 (FPD)가 장착된 가스크로마토그래프를 이용하여 측정하였다. 25% ${\beta}$,${\beta}$-Oxydipropionitrile, 60/80 Chromosob W가 저온농축을 위한 흡착제로 되었으며 이를 충전 유리컬럼의 충전제로도 사용하였다. 악취시료의 농축량은 0.1~3.0L 범위에서 채취장소에 따라 달리하였다. 주거지역과 사업장 부지경계선상에서의 공기 및 하수처리장과 같은 공업지역 내 사업장의 배출구 가스 중의 휘발성 황화합물의 농도를 측정하였다.