• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2011

A feeding trial was conducted to study the replacement value of concentrates with Barhar (Artocarpus lakocha) leaves on growth performance of kids fed a mixed jungle grass-based diet. Fifteen Sikkim local kids, about 4 months of age and body weight ranging from 5.8 to 9.2 kg, were randomly distributed into three groups of five. Kids were stall fed ad lib with mixed jungle grass collected from the nearby forest and native scrubland. The kids in group I received supplementary concentrate (Maize 35%, mustard cake 32%, rice bran 30%, mineral mixture 2% and common salt 1%) at approximately 2% of BW. For groups II and III, 25 and 50% of the concentrate was replaced with Barhar (Artocarpus lakocha) leaves, respectively. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was not significantly different among groups. Digestibility of CP decreased (p<0.05) and that of NDF increased (p<0.01) with increasing level of Barhar leaves in the diet. Digestibility of ADF (p<0.01), hemi cellulose (p<0.05) and cellulose (p<0.01) was higher in groups II and III than in group I. Ruminal pH and TVFA concentration were not significantly different among groups. Rumen ammonia-N concentration decreased (p<0.01) with increased level of Barhar leaves in the diet. Similarly, plasma urea nitrogen and blood glucose levels were reduced (p<0.05) with increasing level of Barhar leaves in the diet. Replacement of concentrate with Barhar resulted in reduced Hb and lower serum iron concentration. Levels of other serum metabolites including minerals were not altered by the replacement. Average daily gain (ADG) was 53.3, 54.4 and 41.8 g/d in groups I, II and III, respectively. ADG was not adversely affected when the level of replacement was restricted to 25%. However, at 50% of replacement ADG was significantly lower than the control (p<0.05). Thus, it was concluded that Barhar leaves might replace 25% of the supplemental concentrate for growing Sikkim local kids fed on a mixed jungle grass-based diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2003

Improving dietary patterns, na, in turn, improving nutritional status, is now viewed as a key to improve public health and to prevent chronic diseases. There has been a peat needs to assess diet quality to identify nutritional risk group, however, little research has been done on methods to assess overall diet quality. The purpose of this study was to develope a mini dietary assessment (MDA) index for evaluation of overall dietary quality. A 10-component system was devised based on dietary guidelines and food Tower for Koreans. The system contained 4 food elements of which use is encouraged, such as milk, meat, vegetables, fruits, and 3 food elements of which use is limited, such as fat, salt, or sugar. Also the included were elements on dietary regulation and variety. A subject is to check one of ‘always' 'generally'seldom', which has score of 5, 3, and 1, respectively, so the total possible index score is 50. This index is to use without dietary survey and is to use even by non-nutritionist. A sample of 432 healthy males and females in their 30's and 40's contributed diet intake data based on 24-hour recall for the validation of MDA. The mean MDA score was 31.34 of a possible 50 points. The main nutrients for each MDA component was correlated very well with the results of 24-hour recall. Also, very good correlation was found between healthy eating index (HEI) score and MDA score. However, some of MDA components were needed a modification of term or/and statement. So the Uh was revised and another effort for validation was made with new sample of 169 subjects and even better correlation was found. The revised MDA could be used with minor modification to assess diet quality and to screen nutritional status. (Korean J Nutrition 36(1): 83-92, 2003)

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 1993

This study was taken to examine external changes, behavioral changes, and endocrine changes such as estradiol-17$\beta$, progesterone, T4 and T3 of female Oreochromis niloticus living in 0$\textperthousand$, 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$, and 30$\textperthousand$ salt concentrations, respectively. The results obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows. In seawater obtained in these experiments were summarized as follows. In seawater challenge test, any fish didn't die in each group such as 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$. When fish were adapted from 0$\textperthousand$ to 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$, external body color of fish changed from dark-striped to light-grey color. At the same time, thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations significantly(P<0.05) increased, and then were at the highest level in 30 salinity. When fish were adapted from 0$\textperthousand$ to 10$\textperthousand$, feed intake of fish started from the fourth day. From 0$\textperthousand$ to 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$, estradiol-17$\beta$ levels were increased gradually. When fish was adapted from 0$\textperthousand$ to 10$\textperthousand$, 20$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$, the levels of each progesterone didn't show significant change, and especially showed the lowest peak in 20$\textperthousand$. The greatest thyroxine activity(T4) was observed in 30$\textperthousand$. The levels of and triiodothyronine(T3) significantly changed in all salinities, and its level was at the highest peak in 30$\textperthousand$ salinity. Correlation coefficients between serum progesterone and triiodothyronine in 10$\textperthousand$ and 30$\textperthousand$ were ＋0.677 and ＋0.843, respectively. Correlation coefficient of serum thyroxine(T4) and triiodothyronine(T3) individuals in 10$\textperthousand$ was ＋0.768, and ＋0.843, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.153-159
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• 2015

This study was conducted to develop food for the elderly, which are well-shaped and easy to chew and swallow. The amounts of water and gelatin were adjusted to facilitate breaking down of the food with the tongue. In the aging society, it is necessary to support the development of a variety of products that can ease the intake functions of swallowing and chewing, while complementing with the essential nutrients supplements; such products can be actively commercialized in the elderly industry. Various types of food, for elderly with difficulties in chewing and swallowing, were used for sensory assessment. Sensory panel consisted of 10 dietitians (10 women) in nursing care facilities. The sensory optimal composite recipes were determined by central composite design (CCD). The sensory measurements were significantly different in the appearance (p<0.01), saltiness (p<0.01) and overall quality (p<0.01). The optimum formulation of pan fried flat fish, calculated by numerical and graphical method, was 8.54 g of salt and 6.34 g of olive oil. Moisture content, hardness, and adhesiveness of pan fried flat fish were 84.77%, 250, and -1.20, respectively. The result showed that easily chewable and swallowable pan fried flat fish for the elderly will have sufficient competitiveness, considering its safety, taste, and preference. This study may provide the basic materials for the development of easily chewable and swallowable foods for elderly.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 1977

This study was designed to find out the status of low sodium diet in 27 hospitals located in Seoul and rural areas. The study was conducted from the beginning of June, 1976 to October, 1976. The differences in Na, protein and calorie contents between the hospitals in Seoul an ones in rural areas, and between the medical college attached hospitals and general ones, were compared by means of t-test. Correlation coefficient were made among Na, protein and calorie. In order to find out which food group is the major source of Na in the diet, six food groups were divided and Na content in each was calculated. The results showed that average daily Na intake of 27 hospitals was 2,382mg which is regarded as mild restriction. Average daily protein and calorie intakes were 94gm and 2,438 cal respectively. About 60% of hospitals restricted sodium at mild level $(2,300mg{\sim}4,600mg)$ and 33% at moderate $(1,000mg{\sim}2,300mg)$ and only 7% of the subjects were Planning strict sodium restriction $(250mg{\sim}500mg)$ There was statistically significant differences in Na contents between Seoul and rural areas. But no significant difference was found between medical college attached hospitals and general ones. The correlation between the average daily intakes of Na and protein was found not to be significant but protein and calorie intakes were related each other. When the total sodium intakes divided into six groups, about 74% were supplied by condiments (Food group 6th).

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1058-1069
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• 2016

This study is intended to research workers' health, diet and the demand of nutrition education service in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province. We implemented the survey from September 2012 through August 2013, and analyzed the data from 589 workers' questionnaires out of 890. For the analysis of the compiled data, we utilized the SPSS version 18.0 statistical package program. The study showed that majority of the workers participated in the survey consisted of 447 male (75.9%) and 142 female (24.1%). BMI showed that these men were overweight ($24.5{\pm}2.72$) and women were normal weight ($22.2{\pm}2.70$). Participants often diagnosed with hypertension or hyperlipidemia. In terms of health status, 34.5% answered satisfactory, the most concerned illness was high blood pressure, and the bad eating habits were often associated with general overeating and excessive intake of salt. 65.5% of participants had a meal three times per day. 49.4% of male participants had a meal less than 15 minutes and 66.2% of female participants had a meal between 15 and 30 minutes. The average of workers who needed to nutrition education is 3.74+0.85. The most desired way of learning was through counseling (36.7%), with overweight and weight management identified as the most interested topics. A relatively high portion (80%) passed the nutrition knowledge assessment test. According to the survey the highest rate of full-time employment is 85.2% which showed in small work places (the number of people on meal plan was 100~300), however the lowest rate of full-time employment showed 70.0% in large workplaces (the number of people on meal plan was within 1,000).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.6005-6010
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• 2012

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in Southern Chinese and Southeast Asian populations. Geographical and ethnic clustering of the cancer is due to genetic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors. This case-control study aimed to identify or confirm both genetic and non-genetic risk factors for NPC in one of the endemic countries, Malaysia. Materials and Methods: A panel of 768 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with various cancers and known non-genetic risk factors for NPC were selected and analyzed for their associations with NPC in a case-control study. Results: Statistical analysis identified 40 SNPs associated with NPC risk in our population, including 5 documented previously by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and other case-control studies; the associations of the remaining 35 SNPs with NPC were novel. In addition, consistent with previous studies, exposure to occupational hazards, overconsumption of salt-cured foods, red meat, as well as low intake of fruits and vegetables were also associated with NPC risk. Conclusions: In short, this study confirmed and/or identified genetic, environmental and dietary risk factors associated with NPC susceptibility in a Southeast Asian population.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.2159-2163
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• 2014

Background: Prostate cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer among males in economically developed countries. Among the several risk factors that have been suggested, only age, ethnicity, diabetes, and family history of prostate cancer are well-established and primary prevention of this disease is limited. Prior studies had shown that dietary intake could be modified to reduce cancer risk. We conducted a hospital-based, casecontrol study to examine the association between dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk in Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of fifty patients with prostate cancer and a hundred controls underwent face-to-face interviews. Factor analysis was used to determine the dietary patterns. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: We defined two major dietary patterns in this population: 'western diet'(high in sweets and desserts, organ meat, snacks, tea and coffee, French fries, salt, carbonated drinks, red or processed meat) and 'healthy diet' (high in legumes, fish, dairy products, fruits and fruit juice, vegetables, boiled potatoes, whole cereal and egg). Both Healthy and western pattern scores were divided into two categories (based on medians). Higher scores on Healthy pattern was marginally significantly related to decreased risk of prostate cancer (above median vs below median, OR =0.4, 95%CI=0.2-1.0). An increased risk of prostate cancer was observed with the higher scores on the Western pattern (above median vs below median, OR=4.0, 95%CI=1.5-11.0). Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that diet might be associated with prostate cancer among Iranian males.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3053-3060
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• 2016

Gastric cancer is generally associated with poor survival rates and accounts for a remarkable proportion of global cancer mortality. The prevalence of gastric carcinoma varies in different regions of world and across teh various ethnic groups. On the basis of pathological assessment, gastric cancer can be categorized as intestinal and diffuse carcinomas. The etiology is diverse, including chemical carcinogen exposure, and high salt intake Helicobacter pylori also plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of certain gastric carcinomas. The development of gastric cancer involves various alterations in mRNAs, genes (GOLPH3, MTA2) and proteins (Coronins). miRNAs, Hsa-mir-135b, MiR-21, miR-106b, miR-17, miR-18a, MiR-21, miR-106b, miR-17, miR-18a and MiRNA-375, miRNA-195-5p are the latest diagnostic biomarkers which can facilitate the early diagnosis of gastric carcinomas. Recent development in the treatment strategies for gastric carcinoma include the introduction of monoclonal antibodies, TKI inhibitors, inhibitors of PDGFR ${\beta}$, VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, Anti-EGFR and anti-HER2 agents which can be applied along with conventional therapies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1741-1746
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• 2001

An experiment was conducted at the experimental duck farm of Cantho University to determine the effects of feeding duckweed (Lemna minor) that completely replaced commercial protein supplements in diets for crossbred meat ducks. The experiment included five treatments, with four replicates and ten crossbred ducks per replicate (pen). The five diets were based on broken rice offered ad libitum, supplemented with either 27 (control, SB100), 19 (SB70), 15 (SB55), 12 (SB40) or zero (SB0) g/day of ground, roasted soya beans, with fresh duckweed supplied ad libitum, except for the control (SB0) treatment. A vitamin / mineral premix and salt were included in the control (SB100) diet, but not in the diets with duckweed. These diets were fed to growing crossbred meat ducks (Czechoslovak Cherry Valley hybrids) from 28 to 63 days of age, when two birds (one male and one female) per pen were slaughtered for carcass evaluation. Total daily intakes were 95, 108, 108, 105 and 107 g of dry matter (DM) (p<0.001) and daily live weight gains 26.1, 29.1, 28.3, 27.1 and 27.6 g (p<0.001) for the SB100, SB70, SB55, SB40 and SB0 diets, respectively. Corresponding feed conversion ratios (FCR, dry matter basis) were 3.63, 3.71, 3.82, 3.89 and 3.88 kg feed/kg gain, respectively. There were no significant differences in carcass yields, chest and thigh muscle weights, and internal organ weights between the ducks fed the control diet and those fed duckweed diets. Fresh duckweed can completely replace roasted soya beans and a vitamin-mineral premix in broken rice based diets for growing crossbred ducks without reduction in growth performance or carcass traits. If the duckweed is grown on farm, and managed and harvested by household labour, the saving over purchased protein supplements is up to 48%.