• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권11호
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• pp.1493-1500
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• 2011

본 연구는 함초를 이용한 응용제품의 하나로 자연발효된 함초발효액에 대한 기초자료를 제공하고자, 함초와 당을 혼합하여 2년 혹은 6년간 발효시킨 다음 여과하여 얻어진 여액을 상온에서 자연 발효시키며 함초발효액의 이화학적 특성 및 생리활성을 조사하였다. 함초발효액의 당 함량은 45%내외로 이는 당침출에 의한 제조 방법 때문이며, Na을 제외한 주요 무기질은 K, Mg 그리고 Ca으로, 그중 K 함량이 가장 높게 나타났다. 주요 유리아미노산은 alanine, proline, aspartic acid 그리고 lysine으로, 이들 일반성분들의 발효기간에 따른 차이는 거의 없었다. 총페놀성 화합물 함량은 약 50 CAE mg/100 mL이고, DPPH와 ABTS$^+$ radical-scavenging 활성은 ascorbic acid와 거의 유사할 정도의 활성을 보였다. 또한 함초발효액은 ACE 및 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase에 대해서도 저해 활성을 보였으며, 특히 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase 저해 활성은 장기 발효된 함초발효액(LFGJ)에서 좀 더 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 이에 장기 발효된 함초발효액(LFGJ)을 4%의 고염식이군 실험쥐(SD rat)에 급여한 결과, 일반적인 특성은 대조군(4% 고염식이군)과 차이가 없었으나, 함초발효액군(FGJ; 4% 고염식이+2% LFGJ)의 체중증가량이 통계적 유의성은 없었으나 더 낮은 경향을 보였고, 포도당 내성 실험 결과, 함초발효액군(FGJ)에서 포도당 내성이 더 개선되는 것으로 조사되었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.641-645
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• 2007

염 내성 돌연변이체를 선발하기 위하여, ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)로 처리된 돌연변이 종자 집단을 사용하였다. 150 mM NaCl 고염 스트레스 하에서 종자 발아 내성을 보이는 세 종류의 EMS 돌연변이체를 선발하였다. 세 종류의 EMS 돌연변이체들 중, salt tolerance 42-14(sto42-14) 돌연변이체는 175 mM NaCl 고농도에서 종자 발아율이 대조구(WT)에 비해 7배 이상의 높은 발아율을 보였다. 또한 내염성 sto42-14 돌연변이체는 glucose(Glc)에 대해서도 비감수성을 갖고 있음을 관찰되었고, 흥미롭게도 sto42-14돌연변이체에 $20{\mu}M$ gibberellin(GA)을 처리한 결과, 대조구에 비해 하배축과 뿌리의 생장이 억제됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 고염 내성 sto42-14 돌연변이체는 Glc 뿐만 아니라 GA호르몬 반응에도 관련되어져 있음을 알 수 있다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.313-318
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• 2015

${\delta}$-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an endogenous metabolite formed in the mitochondria from succinyl-CoA and glycine, and plays a key role in the living body as an intermediate of the compound in the porphyrin biosynthesis pathway. ALA has been commonly used in photodynamic therapy for several years, because ALA is of interest as a biodegradable mediator, a growth regulator, and an effective agent used in dermatology. Here, we determined which ALA derivatives were the most effective for the inhibition of the cell proliferation and growth of human fibroblast. As a result, we found that the treatment of ALA derivatives including ALA, ALAP (ALA phosphate salt), MAL (Methyl 5-aminolevulinate hydrochloride salt), PBGL (phophobilinogen lactam) and PBGH (phophobilinogen-HCl) could attenuate cell proliferation of human fibroblast cells. Among them, PBGH was the most effective derivative. In addition, PBGH treatment could induce mitochondrial membrane depolarization, leading to cell death of human fibroblast. These results suggest that mitochondrial membrane depolarization induced by ALA and PBGH treatment might be responsible for inhibition of cell proliferation and death. Taken together, our results propose the possibility that PBGH can be used as one of the effective drugs in human skin disease, psoriasis.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2008

건조된 마늘을 분쇄하고 비율을 달리하여 소금과 혼합하여 마늘 소금을 개발하였고, 배소 시 김에 도포하여 마늘맛 조미 김을 개발하여 1, 6, 12주 동안 저장하면서 품질변화 및 지방산 산화정도를 측정하였다. 저장기간 및 마늘 첨가량에 따른 일반성분의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 마늘 맛김의 tocopherol 함량을 분석한 결과 저장기간에 따라 ${\alpha}$-tocopherol은 감소하였고 특히 마늘 33% 첨가 시 감소량이 가장 적었다. ${\gamma}$-Tocopherol 함량은 저장기간에 따라 증가하였다. 또한, 지방산 중 linoleic acid 함량이 가장 높게 측정되었으나 저장기간 증가에 따라 큰 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 저장기간에 따른 TBARS 함량 변화는 대조군이 크게 증가한 반면, 마늘 맛김에서는 산화 억제효과가 나타났다. 마늘 파우더 33% 첨가는 12주 후에도 조미 김의 TBARS 생성량을 강하게 억제한 것으로 나타났다. 관능평가 결과 33% 마늘 소금을 첨가한 김이 색과 향 면에서 대조구와 유사하게 나타났다. 따라서 마늘의 첨가비율을 달리하여 제조한 마늘 소금으로 조미 김을 제조한 결과, 소금 대비 33%로 제조한 김이 다른 첨가군에 비교해 성분 및 관능적으로 우수하게 측정되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.447-454
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• 2009

The transport of spermidine into a cyanobacterium, Synechocystis sp. pec 6803, was characterized by measuring the uptake of $^{14}C$-spermidine. Spermidine transport was shown to be saturable with an apparent affinity constant ($K_m$) value of $67{\mu}M$ and a maximal velocity ($V_{max}$) value of 0.45 nmol/min/mg protein. Spermidine uptake was pH-dependent with the pH optimum being 8.0. The competition experiment showed strong inhibition of spermidine uptake by putrescine and spermine, whereas amino acids were hardly inhibitory. The inhibition kinetics of spermidine transport by putrescine and spermine was found to be noncompetitive with $K_i$ values of 292 and $432{\mu}M$, respectively. The inhibition of spermidine transport by various metabolic inhibitors and ionophores suggests that spermidine uptake is energy-dependent. The diminution of cell growth was observed in cells grown at a high concentration of NaCl. Addition of a low concentration of spermidine at 0.5 mM relieved growth inhibition by salt stress. Upshift of the external osmolality generated by either NaCl or sorbitol caused an increased spermidine transport with about 30-40% increase at 10 mosmol/kg upshift.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1731-1739
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• 2012

In this study, seven strains isolated from mustard leaf kimchi were screened for their tolerance to simulated gastric and bile juices, the adhesive properties to Caco-2 cells, and the inhibition ability of Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 29631 adhesion. Lactobacillus acidophilus GK20, Lactobacillus paracasei GK74, and Lactobacillus plantarum GK81, which were resistant to bile as well as gastric juices, possessed high bile-salt hydrolase (BSH) activity towards both sodium glycocholate and sodium taurocholate. The strongest in vitro adherence of $53.96{\pm}4.49%$ was exhibited by L. plantarum GK81 followed by L. acidophilus GK20 with adhesion levels of $40.72{\pm}9.46%$. The adhesion of these strains was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced after exposure to pepsin and heating for 30 min at $80^{\circ}C$. Addition of $Ca^{2+}$ led to a significant (p < 0.05) increase of the adhesion of L. acidophilus GK20, but the adhesion ability of L. plantarum GK81 was not different from the control by the addition of calcium. In the competition and exclusion experiment, the adhesion inhibition of S. Typhimurium by L. plantarum GK81 strain was much higher than the other strains. Moreover, the exclusion inhibition of S. Typhimurium by L. acidophilus GK20 was considerably high, although the inhibition activity of this strain was lower than L. plantarum GK81.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.691-695
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• 2008

물 종류를 달리한 된장의 메탄올 추출물로 돌연변이유발 억제효과를 관찰한 결과 일반 수돗물로 담근 된장보다 게르마늄수와 고로쇠나무 수액으로 담근 된장이 Ames test와 SOS chromotest에서 높은 항돌연변이 효과를 나타내었다. 즉 Ames 실험에서 일반 재래식된장의 메탄올 추출물을 1 mg/plate 농도로 사용하였을 때 S. Typhimurium TA100에서 $AFB_1$의 돌연변이유발 억제작용을 나타내지 않았으나 게르마늄수 된장과 고로쇠나무 수액을 첨가한 된장의 메탄올 추출물은 $56{\sim}62%$ 억제되었으며 5 mg/plate 농도에서도 일반 된장보다 억제효과가 높았다. 또한 E. coli PQ37에서 MNNG의 돌연변이유발 억제효과도 일반 된장보다 게르마늄수 된장과 고로쇠나무 수액된장에서 더 높게 나타났다. S. Typhimurium TA100에서 MNNG를 돌연변이원으로 사용한 Ames test에서 천일염을 사용한 된장보다 구운 소금과 죽염을 사용한 것이 억제효과가 컸으며 1 mg/plate와 5 mg/plate 농도에서 1회 구운 죽염이 9회 구운 죽염을 첨가한 된장 추출물보다 항돌연변이 효과가 크게 나타났다. SOS chromotest에서도 1회 구운 죽염 된장은 다른 소금 된장 추출물에 비하여 MNNG의 돌연변이를 가장 크게 억제하였다. 이상의 결과에서 된장을 담글 때 사용하는 물과 소금의 종류에 따라 항돌연변이 효과는 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었으며 향후 된장에 물과 소금이 미치는 다양한 생리적 기능에 대한 더 많은 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.481-485
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• 2005

The response of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis to high salt stress was investigated by incubating the cells in light of moderate intensity in the presence of 0.8 M NaCl. NaCl caused a decrease in photosystem II (PSII) mediated oxygen evolution activity and increase in photosystem I (PSI) activity and the amount of P700. Similarly maximal efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and variable fluorescence (Fv/Fo) were also declined in salt-stressed cells. Western blot analysis reveal that the inhibition in PSII activity is due to a 40% loss of a thylakoid membrane protein, known as D1, which is located in PSII reaction center. NaCl treatment of cells also resulted in the alterations of other thylakoid membrane proteins: most prominently, a dramatic diminishment of the 47-kDa chlorophyll protein (CP) and 94-kDa protein, and accumulation of a 17-kDa protein band were observed in SDS-PAGE. The changes in 47-kDa and 94-kDa proteins lead to the decreased energy transfer from light harvesting antenna to PSII, which was accompanied by alterations in the chlorophyll fluorescence emission spectra of whole cells and isolated thylakoids. Therefore we conclude that salt stress has various effects on photosynthetic electron transport activities due to the marked alterations in the composition of thylakoid membrane proteins.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2023

The germination process is critical for plant growth and development and it is largely affected by environmental stress, especially salinity. Recently, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is well known to act as a signaling molecule in a defense mechanism against stress conditions but poorly understood regulating seed germination. In this study, the effects of NaHS (the H₂S donor) pretreatment on various biochemical (hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) content and amylase and protease activity) and physiological properties (germination rate) during seed germination of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Mosa) were examined under salt stress. The seed germination and seedling growth of oilseed rape were inhibited by NaCl treatment but it was alleviated by NaHS pretreatment. The NaCl treatment increased H₂O₂ content leading to oxidative stress, but NaHS pre-treatments maintained much lower levels of H₂O₂ in germinating seeds under salt stress. Amylase activity, a starch degradation enzyme, significantly increased over 2-fold in control, NaHS pretreatment, and NaHS pretreatment under NaCl during seed germination compared to NaCl treatment. Protease activity was highly induced in NaHS-pretreated seeds compared to NaCl treatment, accompanied by a decrease in protein content. These results indicate that NaHS pretreatment could improve seed germination under salt stress conditions by decreasing H₂O₂ accumulation and activating the degradation of protein and starch to support seedling growth.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 1999

Two low-salt complex media, bactopeptone and desalted yeast extract, were used for high density cultivation of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus (DSM 1617). Bactopeptone, which has low mineral ion content among various complex media, was good for cell growth in batch cultures; the maximal cell density in bactopeptone was comparable to that in yeast extract. However, cell growth was rather poor when bactopeptone was added by the fed-batch procedure. Since several vitamins are deficient in abctopeptone, the effect of vitamins on cell growth was examined. Among the vitamins tested, pyridoxine was found to improve the growth rate of S. solfataricus. To reduce the growth inhibition caused by mineral ions, yeast extract was dialyzed against distilled water and then fed-batch cultures were carried out using a fed medium containing desalted yeast extract. Although the concentrations of mineral ions in yeast extract were significantly lowered by the dialysis whether low molecular weight solutes in yest extract are crucial for cell growth, we investigated the effect of trehalose, a most abundant compatible solute in yeast extract, on the growth pattern. Cell densities were increased and the length of the lag phase was markedly shortened by the presence of trehalose, indicating that trehalose plays an important role in the growth of S. solfataricus.