• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.423-435
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to compare, through a factor analysis, the perceived level of importance of 4 categories of features relating to food service management between salespeople and clients, to establish an effective marketing strategy for successful contracting. To obtain data on the perceived level of importance level of the factors affecting foodservice management contracts, questionnaires were developed using the Delphi technique, which were modified by apilot test. The questionnaires consisted of 4 categories and 19 items on the factors affecting foodservice management contracts, with the importance level of these factors measured on a 5 point-Likert type scale. Between March 12 and April 13 2003, the self-administrative questionnaires were mailed to the 60 salespeople and 280 clients. A total of 50 clients (25%) and 48 salespeople(77%) responded to the questionnaires. As a result, forprivate contracts and in competitive biding, the differences of the perceived importance level between the salespeople and clients of the 3 categories (the appropriateness of foodservice operation plan, sales ability, the conditions and costs of the contract) were significant. For the 5 items relating to private contracts, Field trip, Menu Management Plan, Sanitation and Safety Management, Cost per meal and Food Cost per meal, both the salespeople and clients perceived high levels of importance for all these items. For competitive biding, both the salespeople and clients perceived high levels of importance for the 6 item the Foodservice operation supportive system, Field trip, Menu Management Plan, Renewal plans for interior and environment, Cost per meal and Food Cost per meal.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.329-339
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• 2019

Recently, the advancement of information and communication technology(ICT) is expanding the connectivity through Internet of Things(IoT), and the media of connection is also expanding from wire/cable transmission to broadband wireless communication, which has significantly improved mobility. This hyperconnectivity has become a key element of the fourth industrial revolution, whereas the supervisory control network of purification plants in korea is operated as a communication network separated from the outside, thereby lagging in terms of connectivity. This is considered the best way to ensure security, and thus there is hardly any consideration of establishing alternatives to operate an efficient and stable communication network. Moreover, security for management of a commercialized communication network and network management solution may be accompanied by immense costs, making it more difficult to make new attempts. Therefore, to improve the conditions for the current supervisory control network of purification plants, this study developed a industrial security L2 switch that supports modbus TCP(Transmission Control Protocol) communication and encryption function of the transmission section. As a result, the communication security performance improved significantly, and the cost for implementing the network management system using Historical Trend and information of HMI(Human Machine Interface) could be reduced by approximately KRW 200 million. The results of this study may be applied to systems for gas, electricity and social safety nets that are infrastructure communication networks that are similar to purification plants.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.15-25
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• 2022

As the incidence and mortality of serious disasters in the construction industry are the highest, various efforts are being made in Korea to reduce them. Among them, risk assessment is used as data for disaster reduction measures and evaluation of risk factors at the construction stage. However, the existing risk assessment involves the subjectivity of the performer and is vulnerable to the domestic construction site. This study established a DB classification system for risk assessment with the aim of early identification and pre-removal of risks by quantitatively deriving risk factors using BIM in the risk assessment field and presents a methodology for risk assessment using BIM. Through this, prior removal of risks increases the safety of construction workers and reduces additional costs in the field of safety management. In addition, since it can be applied to new construction methods, it improves the understanding of project participants and becomes a tool for communication. This study proposes a framework for deriving quantitative risks based on BIM, and will be used as a base technology in the field of risk assessment using BIM in the future.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1639-1650
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• 2013

Road pavement management is an important activity that affects to national economy, movement and safety of people, and also demands huge amount of budget. Therefore, its management strategy must be established under objective information. In addition, decision support system that produces the management strategy needs to consider practical benefits from various aspects. Considering these aspects, this paper aimed to develop a customized Korean life cycle cost analysis model estimating various effects on road users and socio-environmental costs based on pavement condition. The suggested LCCA model focused on Korean national highway, and tried to adopt a national guideline recommended by Korean government for securing credibility of estimation results. In the development processes, some of the suggestions that do not fit well in the situations of pavement management field were added, altered, or partially modified. These attempts to develop customized asset management system would be an important step to break away from passive attitudes relying on ready-made software, but also to improve awareness about the social benefits from the better maintenance strategy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.584-590
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• 2012

In this study, we have conducted a work on homogenizer development which is operated by high shearing force generated by stator and rotor inside it. To investigate the performance for homogenization and atomization of homogenizer, Bunker-C (IFO 380 cSt) was used as a fuel for experiment. Pre-treatment of bunker-C was carried out with homogenizer developed in this study. Oil purifier was used to investigate effect of oil sludge reduction after pre-treatment. Experimental result showed that the amount of sludge of fuel oil after pre-treatment with homogenizer has decreased by 13 %. To confirm combustion efficiency, Bunker-C which have pre-treatment with homogenizer and purified after are burned in boiler system. The result showed that CO concentration in exhaust gas was decreased. These results mean that if the homogenizer which is developed in this study for marine fuel oil is applied on real vessels, oil costs and operating costs can be reduced.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.437-454
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• 2020

According to the privacy regulations of the health insurance portability and accountability act (HIPAA), patients' control over electronic health data is one of the major concern issues. Currently, remote access authorization is considered as the best solution to guarantee the patients' control over their health data. In this paper, a new biometric-based key management scheme is proposed to facilitate remote access authorization anytime and anywhere. First, patients and doctors can use their biometric information to verify the authenticity of communication partners through real-time video communication technology. Second, a safety channel is provided in delivering their access authorization and secret data between patient and doctor. In the designed scheme, the user's public key is authenticated by the corresponding biometric information without the help of public key infrastructure (PKI). Therefore, our proposed scheme does not have the costs of certificate storage, certificate delivery, and certificate revocation. In addition, the implementation time of our proposed system can be significantly reduced.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.143-152
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• 2012

This study analyzes Korea health panel data (2008) (beta version 1.2) of Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs, and National Health Insurance Corporation to figure out determinants of healthcare expenditure. In result of Multiple Logistic Analysis, in-patents felt burden on the medical expenditure were 70.0%. As to the patients' payment of medical expenditure, patients over 65 years old had 4.765 times higher than those under 14 years, disabled patients 2.778 than non-disabled patients, chronic patients 1.632 times than non-chronic patients, patients belonging to 12 million won ~ 46 million won and under 12 million won in family income had 1.680 times and 2.168 times respectively than patients with over 46 million won, patients in professional recuperation facility 1.546 times than patients in hospital, patients in private medical institutions 1.700 times than patients in national and public medical institutions, patients using upper grade rooms 1.701 times than patients in non-upper grade rooms. As a health care safety net mechanism to protect people from medical expenditure burden, there is the patients' payment ceiling in the National Health Insurance System. Thus, in order to facilitate the patient's payment ceiling, it is required that the level of ceiling is to be specified according to the income level, and self-payment items is to be included.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1608-1614
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• 2009

In recent days, the study of urban regeneration has been conducting with purposeful and sincere intent starting out with the residential environment improvement works. Within the range of urban regeneration, the low-cost housing technology means development of totally-integrated housing technology that may be applied to the regeneration project, especially for the rundown areas where infrastructure facilities in the urban zone have been degraded and obsoleted. In line with this, among many and varied methods in order for realization of the low-cost housing as a part of urban regeneration project, this study should like to propose an improvement methods of the key technologies in relation to the construction works by type of work with which construction costs (directing cost) would be reduced. And, in order to elicit the method for element technology that has been developed and improved in the most optimal manner centering on the selected construction work by the type of work, the researcher conducted comparative review of summary of element technologies related to the construction works concerned, characteristics, and construction method thereof. In particular, the researcher investigated the expenses (construction cost and labor cost), constructions (contractibility and productivity), safety, quality of works, and the technical status in environmental aspects, and the researcher also conducted analyses and evaluations thereof.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.543-550
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• 2022

The U.S. Department of Energy conducts the Solar Decathlon competition as a student-based achievement that encourages sustainable design with energy efficiency and solar energy technologies. In the 2020 competition, the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) team designed, fabricated, and constructed a net-zero modular house that applies innovative and highly efficient building technologies. This paper focused on the lessons learned during the early phases of this ongoing modular project. The research methodology included obtaining feedback from key project participants using a well-structured questionnaire. The results showed that the major items/challenges in the project's planning phase included selecting the modular size, planning the construction system, planning the materials and procurement, estimating costs and duration, selecting a fabricator, collaboration and communication, safety, and planning module transportation. These findings will help modular practitioners and future Solar Decathlon competition participants better understand how and what factors they should consider most during the early phases through the lessons learned.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.954-959
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• 2011

There have been a number of studies conducted in order to compare the efficiencies of recovery rates, utilizing different protocols, for the isolation of L. monocytogenes. However, the severity of multiple cell injury has not been included in these studies. In the current study, L. monocytogenes ATCC 19112 was injured by exposure to extreme temperatures ($60^{\circ}C$ and $-20^{\circ}C$) for a one-step injury, and for a two-step injury the cells were transferred directly from a heat treatment to frozen state to induce a severe cell injury (up to 100% injury). The injured cells were then subjected to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the ISO-11290, and the modified United States Department of Agriculture (mUSDA) protocols, and plated on TSAyeast (0.6% yeast), PALCAM agar, and CHROMAgar Listeria for 24 h or 48 h. The evaluation of the total recovery of injured cells was also calculated based on the costs involved in the preparation of media for each protocol. Results indicate that the mUSDA method is best able to aid the recovery of heat-injured, freeze-injured, and heat-freeze-injured cells and was shown to be the most cost effective for heat-freeze-injured cells.