• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.105-136
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• 2015

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are products of condensed ethylene oxide and water that can have various derivatives and functions. Since many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are favorably used as penetration enhancers, especially in topical dermatological preparations. PEGs, together with their typically nonionic derivatives, are broadly utilized in cosmetic products as surfactants, emulsifiers, cleansing agents, humectants, and skin conditioners. The compounds studied in this review include PEG/PPG-17/6 copolymer, PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, and PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil. Overall, much of the data available in this review are on PEGylated oils (PEG-40 and PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oils), which were recommended as safe for use in cosmetics up to 100% concentration. Currently, PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate and PEGylated oils are considered safe for cosmetic use according to the results of relevant studies. Additionally, PEG/PPG-17/6 copolymer should be further studied to ensure its safety as a cosmetic ingredient.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제30권5C호
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• pp.320-328
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• 2005

하이퍼 큐브는 정규적이며 결함 허용 능력을 갖고 있기 때문에 결함 허용 알고리즘을 구현하기 쉽다. 하이퍼 큐브를 이용한 결함 허용 알고리즘들이 많이 개발되었다. 이러한 알고리즘들 중에 안전(safe)과 불안정(unsafe) 개념을 이용한 알고리즘이 Masuyama등에 의해 개발되었다. 이 논문에서는 Masuyama의 알고리즘을 개선한 새로운 알고리즘을 제안하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 성능을 비교한다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.234-241
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• 2019

In Korea, traditional doenjang is manufactured using the conventional method at home and by small-scale enterprises. Because this age-old process depends on natural inoculation of various microorganisms, it is difficult to reproduce or maintain consistency in the final product quality across batches. Moreover, doenjang occasionally prepared by this method raises safety concerns related to aflatoxin, biogenic amine, and Bacillus cereus contamination. To develop starters that can be conveniently used at home or in small industry settings for the manufacturing of safe and flavor-improved doenjang, autochthonous microbe starters were developed in dried forms as ready-to-use starters. Each starter powder prepared by heat- or freeze-drying methods remained stable even after 24-week storage. These ready- to-use starter powders were successfully applied to lab-scale fermentation for the production of safe and flavor-improved doenjang. We believe that these ready-to-use starter powders will benefit small-scale enterprises in the manufacturing of doenjang of good reproducible quality.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.190-198
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• 2020

스마트폰 기술의 발전은 인간의 생활에 편리를 가져왔으나, 과도한 스마트폰 사용은 다양한 사고의 원인이 되기도 한다. 이 중 생명과 직결되는 대표적인 위험한 사고가 보행 중 부주의로 인한 안전사고이다. 본 연구에서는 보행 중 스마트폰을 사용할 때, 이러한 사고를 방지할 수 있도록 하는 애플리케이션 서비스 'Smombie Safe Go' UI(user interface)를 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 자료 조사와 사용자 관찰을 통해 보행자 여정맵을 작성하고 사용자 보행 중 안전에 필요한 주요 기능을 도출하였는데, 투명한 인터페이스를 비롯하여 장애물 위치 알림, 위험에 대한 주의와 경고 기능이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 서비스 내용을 구체화하기 위하여 사용자 관찰을 통해 스마트폰을 사용하면서 보행 시에 맞닥뜨리는 위험상황을 세 가지로 - ① 전방에 장애물이 나타날 경우, ② 횡단보도에 신호등이 있는 경우, ③ 횡단보도에 신호등이 없는 경우- 구분하였다. 위험상황별 시나리오를 작성하고, 각 상황에서 위험을 경고하는 앱서비스 flow와 UI를 설계하였다. 또한 이 서비스 구현을 위해 V2N(Vehicle to Network), AI 3D 물체인식기술, 비콘(Beacon) 등의 기술들을 검토하고 활용방식을 제안하였다. 나아가 연구의 심화를 통해, 'Smombie Safe Go'는 일반 보행자 뿐 만 아니라, 시각 장애인들에게 안전한 보행을 지원할 수 있는 앱서비스로 활용이 가능할 것으로 예측된다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.24-32
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• 2016

Objective: The visually impaired have limited access to health care services and related information, and thus, they can have serious hurdles against properly taking medications. Despite that it is important to improve self-care ability of the visually impaired for correct medication use, there have been few studies investigating their needs for health care services in Korea, particularly focusing on proper medication usage. This study is to explore safety-related issues regarding mediation usage among the visually impaired based on in-depth interview. We particularly focus on any obstacles for safe use of medicines including experience on medication-related adverse effects in order to provide preliminary evidence for policy measures to improve proper medication use among the visually impaired. Methods: Study sample was visually impaired individuals who resided in Seoul area and were registered in the National Association of Visually Impaired. The association helped the process of recruiting the study participants. In-depth interview for each study participants was conducted. Each interview was recorded and later converted into a written script to extract core contents for the analysis. Results: The study participants comprised of three women (42.9%) and four men (57.1%). One was in his 20's, and there were four participants in 30's and two in 40's. Fully impaired participants were majority (5 out of 7). Limitation to physical access to health care providers and health information were the key factors to hamper safe medication utilization among the study participants. Difficulty reading medication information and may take the wrong medication or incorrect doses of medication, resulting in serious consequences, including overdose or inadequate treatment of health problems. Visually impaired patients report increased anxiety related to medication management and must rely on others to obtain necessary drug information. Pharmacists have a unique opportunity to pursue accurate medication adherence in this special population. This article reviews literature illustrating how severe medication mismanagement can occur in the visually impaired elderly and presents resources and solutions for pharmacists to take a larger role in adherence management in this population. Conclusion: The visually impaired had difficulties reading medication information and identifying medicines, and took incorrect doses of medications. Public support for safe medication use and medication management among the visually impaired is necessary.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2017

This paper investigates minimum safe distances relative to a ship's four cardinal sides, as perceived by Filipino navigators when encountering dangerous elements and in adverse weather conditions when maneuvering in and around harbors. It uses a descriptive research method in the form of a questionnaire survey for experienced Filipino navigators of various ranks. During the course of research, 71 responses were colleted and the resulting data is presented in graphical and tabulated forms. Statistical methods including Pearson-product moment correlations, Cronbach's Alpha and ANOVA were used to identify internal associations, consistencies and significances, respectively. It has been proven that there are no significant differences in minimum safe distances relative to a ship's four cardinal sides, whether maneuvering while approaching a port or within an inner harbor. This study has been deemed significant for training future navigators, managing traffic in fairways, and designing harbors and maneuvering areas in the approaches to ports, among other applications. This work can also be used as a preliminary study for comparison with the well known safe domains presently in use.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.441-451
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of the study was to investigate and compare the differences between Parkinson's disease rating, balance, fall and gait scales. Results : Parkinson's disease rating scales include the Hoehn-Yahr Scale and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). The Hoehn-Yahr Scale can measure disease rates easily; however it is not sensitive enough to evaluate the disease's process and management. UPDRS's advantage is in it's higher inter-reliability score; however it is more complicated to use. Parkinson's balance scales are comprised of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC). BBS has the advantage in that it is cheaper to measure and simple in use. ABC's advantage is especially in it's ability to measure higher functional levels; however it is more difficult measure responses due to scores appearing in both extremes. The Fall Efficacy Scale (FES) and The Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) are Parkinson's fall scales. FES's leverage over SAFE is that it is simpler to measure; however it does not coincide with responses which proves disadvantageous in measuring balance loss in high-level Parkinson's patients. SAFE's advantage is in it's simpler use and ability to be utilized without encountering the fear of fall; however it's at a disadvantage in regards to its use with multilateral aspects providing insufficient inspection. Lastly, the Dynamic Gait Index (DGI) and the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) are Parkinson's gait scales. DGI is advantageous in its ability to test gait ability when exposed to a variety of external environments; however it is disadvantageous in that it registers higher scores with activities. FGA's advantage is in it's dynamic balance test; however it at a disadvantage with those unable to walk. Conclusion : A researcher of Parkinson's patients must choose each scale while considering their positive and negative characteristics.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.118-129
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• 2018

본 연구는 산업재해예방기관인 안전보건공단(KOSHA)에서 실시한 소화약제 중독 질식 재해사례분석을 통해 소화 약제를 포함한 화학물질의 안전한 취급방안을 제안하기 위함이다. 산업재해통계에 따르면 2011~2016년 산업현장에서 발생한 화학물질 중독 질식재해는 해마다 증가 및 다 변화 양상을 보여주고 있다. 일반 사고성재해와 달리 화학물질 재해는 재해강도가 크고 화학물질 위험성 정보 확인이 어려운 특징이 있다. 화학물질 재해의 예방을 위해서는 화학물질 취급 전 위험성을 평가하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 본 논문은 유해위험성인지와 위험성평가가 어려운 화학물질의 안전한 사용을 위해 안전보건공단에서 개발한 화학물질 필수정보 확인 프로세스(CHEM-i)와 화학물질위험성평가기법(CHARM)의 활용방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.20-26
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 터널의 내공변위를 측정하고 측정된 데이터를 효율적으로 관리하는 계측 시스템을 설계하였다. 계측 시스템은 마이크로콘트롤러로와 포텐시오메터형 변위센서로 구성되는 Intelligent Sensing Head와 계측 시스템을 운용하고 측정된 데이터를 관리하는 호스트 컴퓨터로 구성된다. Intelligent Sensing Mead와 호스트 컴퓨터는 다중노드 통신방식에 의하여 연결되며 다중노드 네트워크의 안정된 동작을 위하여 Daisy-Chain 형태로 네트워크를 구성하였고 Fail-Safe 회로를 설계하였으며 Modbus 프로토콜을 사용하여 시스템의 범용성을 높였다. 호스트 컴퓨터는 종합관리 소프트웨어에 의하여 다양한 측정조건을 선택할 수 있으며 데이터베이스를 이용하여 측정된 데이터를 관리한다. 설계된 시스템은 터널에 설치되어 효용성을 확인하였다.

• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this paper is to find out the safe dose and clinical use for administration of Glycyrrhizae Radix in Shanghanlun(傷寒論). Methods : Web-databases(OASIS, NDSL, Pubmed, Google) were searched with keywords including 'Licorice', 'Pseudoaldosteronism', 'Glycyrrhizin', 'Testosterone' on 14/10/2016. The searched about 40 papers and books were reveiwed. Results : Glycyrrhizin(GL) and 3-monoglucuronyl glycyrrhetinic acid(3MGA) in Glycyrrhizae Radix are found to be the main compounds vulnerable for inducing pseudoaldosteronism. The dose range of Glycyrrhizae Radix in Shanghanlun prescriptions is from 0.25 g to 12 g as a daily administration, and this dose satisfies the guidelines of WHO, European Union, ABC etc. And risk factors contributing for personal sensitivities are old age(>60), female sex, liver dysfunction, hypokalemia, prolonged gastrointestinal transit time, anorexia nervosa, decreased 11-${\ss}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-2 activity and hypertension. Conclusions : As a result, dose of Glycyrrhizae Radix in Shanghanlun(傷寒論) is safe. However, the personal sensitivity and unexpected drug interactions are independent from doses of GL, so doctors should monitor those risk factors and symptoms of pseudoaldosteronism when administering Glycyrrhizae Radix.