• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 대한약학회 2000년도 NEW STRATEGY FOR DRUG DEVELOPMENT IN POST-GENOMIC ERA(대한약학회)
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• pp.278.1-278.1
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• 2000

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.145-152
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• 2005

A retrograde tracer, WGA-apo-HRP-gold, was injected into midline thalamic nuclei and subsequently orexin-A immunostaining was performed on the tuberal region of the hypothalamus in order to investigate orexinergic projections to the midline thalamus. Injection site was targeted within one specific region, i.e., paraventricular, centromedian, rhomboid, reuniens, or intermediodorsal nucleus, but it proved to be either one or a combination of these thalamic nuclei. The distribution of WG/orexin-double-labeled neurons exhibited a general pattern in that the majority of labeled cells were observed within the ventral portion of the lateral hypothalamus as well as the perifornical nucleus (PeF). A small number of double-labeled cells were also observed at the dorsomedial nucleus, the area dorsal to the PeF, dorsal portion of the lateral hypothalamus, and the posterior hypothalamus. These orexin-immunoreactive neurons might have wake-related influences over a variety of functions related with midline thalamic nuclei, which include autonomic control, associative cortical functions, and limbic regulation.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.248-261
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• 1994

Background: Lectins are proteins or glycoproteins of non-immune origin that recognize a specific sequence of sugar residues. The availability of a large number of lectins has provided the capacity to identify selectively glycoconjugates possessing distinctive chemical structure in diverse sites of highly specialized biological activity. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the lectin binding patterns of various components in human pulmonary tubercles. Method: Biopsy specimens of tuberculous lung were obtained from male adult patients who underwent a surgical resection for severe pulmonary tuberculosis. The specimens were processed and stained with 13 kinds of biotinylated lectins according to some modification of Hsu and Raine's methods. Results: 1) In the caseous necrotic lesions, BS $I-B_4$ showed negative reaction and BS I were also negative except some irregularly-shaped cells located in the marginal zone. All other lectins, however, showed a positive reaction with various binding patterns. 2) The epithelioid cells were broadly divided into three groups according to the reaction patterns in the cytoplasms and cell membranes. 3) WGA, ECL, PHA-L, PHA-E and LCA showed strong staining in the lymphocytes. 4) SBA showed a different binding patterns between the endothelial layers located in the region beyond the fibrous layers and those located within the fibrous layers. 5) PNA showed a positive reaction in the outer 1/3 to 1/2 of the fibrous layer, but showed no staining in the inner 1/2 to 2/3 of the fibrous layers. Conclusion: The present lectin histochemical study provided a useful information to assess the characterization and distribution of various glycoconjugates in each constituent of human pulmonary tubercles. The results demonstrate structural differences in the glycoconjugate composition of various components of the tubercles and reveal changes in glycosylation in the components during soft tubercle formation. This study provides a new data useful for the studies on the pathogenesis and pathology of human pulmonary tubercles.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 1998

The present investigation has been performed to elucidate the effect of pretreatment with low dose of ultraviolet radiation (UV), ethyl methansulfonate (EMS), and bleomycin (BLM) on cell survival and lectin-binding glycoconjugates of plasma membrane in HeLa cells treated with mutagen. The percentage of survival of cells pretreated with 1 mM EMS following treatment with 10 mM EMS was higher than that of cells treated with 10 mM EMS alone. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining intensity of cells pretreated with 1 mM EMS and subsequently treated with 10 mM EMS was stronger than that of cells treated with 10 mM EMS alone. But, succinylated wheat germ agglutinin (sWGA) staining intensity of cells pretreated with 1 mM EMS and subsequently treated with 10 mM EMS was similar to that of cells treated with 10 mM EMS alone. These results suggest that the acquired resistance to EMS is related to the glycoconjugates containing sialic acid of plasma membrane involved in multidrug resistance or adaptive response in HeLa cells.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2003

This experimental studies was to investigate the location of PNS and CNS labeled neurons following injection of 2% WGA-HRP and pseudorabies virus (PRY), Bartha strain, into the ductus deferens of rats. After survival times 4-5 days following injection of 2% WGA-HRP and PRV, the rats were perfused, and their brain, spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia and spinal ganglia were frozen sectioned ($30{\mu}m$). These sections were stained by HRP histochemical and PRY inummohistochemical staining methods, and observed with light microscope. The results were as follows ; 1. The location of sympathetic ganglia projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in pelvic ganglion, inferior mesenteric ganglion and L1-6 lwnbar sympathetic ganglia. 2. The location of spinal ganglia projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in T13-L6 spinal ganglia. 3. The PRY labeled neurons projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in lateral spinal nucleus, lamina I, II and X of cervical segments. In thoracic segments, PRY labeled neurons were observed in dorsomedial part of lamina I, II and III, and dorsolateral part of lamina IV and V. Densely labeled neurons were observed in intermediolateral nucleus. In first lumbar segment, labeled neurons were observed in intermediolateral nucleus and dorsal commisural nucleus. In sixth lumbar segment and sacral segments, dense labeled neurons were observed in sacral parasympathetic nuc., lamina IX and X. 4. In the medulla oblongata, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in the trigeminal spinal nuc., A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular nuc., rostroventrolateral reticular nuc., area postrema, nuc. tractus solitarius, raphe obscurus nuc., raphe pallidus nuc., raphe magnus nuc., parapyramidal nuc., lateral reticular nuc., gigantocellular reticular nuc.. 5. In the pons, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the ductus deferens were ohserved in parabrachial nuc., Kolliker-Fuse nuc., locus cooruleus, subcooruleus nuc. and AS noradrenalin cells. 6. In midbrain, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in periaqueductal gray substance, substantia nigra and dorsal raphe nuc.. 7. In the diencephalon, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in paraventricular hypahalamic nuc., lateral hypothalamic nuc., retrochiasmatic nuc. and ventromedial hypothalamic nuc.. 8. In cerebrum, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the ductus deferens were observed in area 1 of parietal cortex. These results suggest that WGA-HRP labeled neurons of the spinal cord projecting to the rat ductus deferens might be the first-order neurons related to the viscero-somatic sensory and sympathetic postganglionic neurons, and PRV labeled neurons of the brain and spinal cord may be the second and third-order neurons response to the movement of smooth muscles in ductus deferens. These PRV labeled neurons may be central autonomic center related to the integration and modulation of reflex control linked to the sensory and motor system monitaing the internal environment. These observations provide evidence for previously unknown projections from ductus deferens to spinal cord and brain which may be play an important neuroanatornical basic evidence in the regulation of ductus deferens function.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.385-398
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• 1997

The location and local arrangement of motor, sensory neurons within brain stem, nodose ganglia, spinal ganglia and sympathetic ganglia projecting to rat's kidney and meridian point BL 23, GB 25 were investigated by HRP immunohistochemical methods following injection of 5% WGA-HRP into left kidney and meridian point BL 23, GB 25. Following injection of WGA-HRP into left kidney, anterogradely labelled sensory neurons were founded within either nodose ganglia and spinal ganglia. The sensory neurons innervating rat's left kidney were observed within spinal ganglia $T_{7}{\sim}L_3$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's left kidney were labelled within left suprarenal ganglia, either celiac ganglia, superior mesenteric ganglia, and sympathetic chain ganglia $T_{1}{\sim}L_3$. Sympathetic chain ganglia were concentrated in $T_{12}{\sim}L_1$. The sensory neurons innervating rat's meridian point BL 23 were founded within spinal ganglia $T_{2}{\sim}L_2$. They were numerous in spinal in ganglia $T_{10}{\sim}T_{12}$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's meridian point BL 23 were observed in suprarenal ganglia and greater splanchnic trunk, sympathetic chain ganglia from $T_1$ to $L_3$. They were concentrated in $T_{12}{\sim}L_3$. The sensory neurons innervating rat's meridian point GB 25 were labelled within spinal ganglia $T_{6}{\sim}T_{13}$. They were numerous in from T10 to $T_{12}$. Sympathetic motor neurons innervating rat's meridian point GB 25 were labelled within greater splanchnic trunk and sympathetic chain ganglia $T_{12}{\sim}L_3$. They were concentrated in $T_{13}{\sim}L_1$. This results neuroanatomically imply that the location of rat's motor and sensory neurons innervating meridian point BL 23 and GB 25 were closely related that of innervating kidney.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.782-788
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• 2008

The aim of this work is to show differences in the pattern of glycoconjugate composition in the intestines of four teleostean species (Sebastes schlegeli, Halichoeres poecilopterus, Bryzoichthys lysimus, and Takifugu pardalis). We compared four regions of all species studied. The specimens were processed and stained with nine kinds of biotinylated lectins (DBA, SBA, PNA, BSL- I , RCA- I , sWGA, UEA- I , LCA and Con A). Except for Sebastes schlegeli, no differences between regions were observed. The intestinal epithelium of Halichoeres poecilopterus possessed D-glucose/mannose residues in all regions. ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine was distinctive along the intestines, although the pattern of diversity was different in Sebastes schlegeli, Bryzoichthys lysimus, and Takifugu pardalis. Additionally, the occurrence of Galactose-${\beta}$-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and ${\alpha}$-D-galactose were confirmed in the proximal, middle, and distal intestine of Sebastes schlegeli, while rectal intestine lacked these sugar residues. Along with ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, ${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucose/mannose were also determined in Bryzoichthys lysimus. Galactose-${\beta}$-1,3-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, D-galactose, and D-glucose/mannose were also present in Takifugu pardalis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.1674-1680
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to detect significant SNPs for blood components that were related to immunity using high single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density panels in a Korean native pig (KNP)${\times}$Yorkshire (YK) cross population. A reciprocal design of KNP${\times}$YK produced 249 $F_2$ individuals that were genotyped for a total of 46,865 available SNPs in the Illumina porcine 60K beadchip. To perform whole genome association analysis (WGA), phenotypes were regressed on each SNP under a simple linear regression model after adjustment for sex and slaughter age. To set up a significance threshold, 0.1% point-wise p value from F distribution was used for each SNP test. Among the significant SNPs for a trait, the best set of SNP markers were determined using a stepwise regression procedure with the rates of inclusion and exclusion of each SNP out of the model at 0.001 level. A total of 54 SNPs were detected; 10, 6, 4, 4, 5, 4, 5, 10, and 6 SNPs for neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, atypical lymph, immuno-globulin, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I, respectively. Each set of significant SNPs per trait explained 24 to 42% of phenotypic variance. Several pleiotropic SNPs were detected on SSCs 4, 13, 14 and 15.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1219-1227
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• 2014

A whole genome association (WGA) study was carried out to find quantitative trait loci (QTL) for sensory evaluation traits in Hanwoo. Carcass samples of 250 Hanwoo steers were collected from National Agricultural Cooperative Livestock Research Institute, Ansung, Gyeonggi province, Korea, between 2011 and 2012 and genotyped with the Affymetrix Bovine Axiom Array 640K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. Among the SNPs in the chip, a total of 322,160 SNPs were chosen after quality control tests. After adjusting for the effects of age, slaughter-year-season, and polygenic effects using genome relationship matrix, the corrected phenotypes for the sensory evaluation measurements were regressed on each SNP using a simple linear regression additive based model. A total of 1,631 SNPs were detected for color, aroma, tenderness, juiciness and palatability at 0.1% comparison-wise level. Among the significant SNPs, the best set of 52 SNP markers were chosen using a forward regression procedure at 0.05 level, among which the sets of 8, 14, 11, 10, and 9 SNPs were determined for the respectively sensory evaluation traits. The sets of significant SNPs explained 18% to 31% of phenotypic variance. Three SNPs were pleiotropic, i.e. AX-26703353 and AX-26742891 that were located at 101 and 110 Mb of BTA6, respectively, influencing tenderness, juiciness and palatability, while AX-18624743 at 3 Mb of BTA10 affected tenderness and palatability. Our results suggest that some QTL for sensory measures are segregating in a Hanwoo steer population. Additional WGA studies on fatty acid and nutritional components as well as the sensory panels are in process to characterize genetic architecture of meat quality and palatability in Hanwoo.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1541-1552
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure and secretory function of the von Ebner's gland in parasympathetic or sympathetic nerve innervation. Sprague Dawley rats were sacrificed 3, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days after bilateral glossopharyngeal or hypoglossal nerve axotomy, respectively. The circumvallate papilla portion of the tongue was dissected and we observed morphological changes in the von Ebner's gland. The properties of glycoconjugate in the von Ebner's gland were investigated using nine biotinylated lectins (PSA, UEA I, GSL I $B_4$, ECL, DBA, SBA, HPA, SJA, or sWGA). Compared with the control group, cytoplasmic vacuoles appeared in the serous acini of the von Ebner's gland in the 3-day group, and the serous acini were significantly vacuolized and degenerated in the 10-day group after glossopharyngeal nerve axotomy. However, the structure of the von Ebner's gland did not change after hypoglossal nerve axotomy. In the control group, the von Ebner's glands secreted glycoconjugates containing ${\alpha}$-D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine oligomer, and the amount of the secretion decreased significantly in the 10-day group after glossopharyngeal nerve axotomy. However, the amount of the glycoconjugate secretion did not change after hypoglossal nerve axotomy. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the glossopharyngeal nerve containing parasympathetic nerve fibers is important for maintaining the structure of and secretory function in the von Ebner's gland in rats.