• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.173-195
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• 2014

This study, utilizing several features about plane figures covered in the current secondary curriculum of mathematics and reviewing two solutions to cube duplication problem presented by Menaechmus, proving the solution by Nicomedes and visualizing solutions based on Apollonius' 'Conics' by medieval Islam geometricians such as Ab$\bar{u}$ Bakr al-Haraw$\bar{i}$, AbAb$\bar{u}$ J$\acute{a}$far al-Kh$\bar{a}$zin, Nas$\bar{i}$r al-D$\bar{i}$n al-T$\bar{u}s\bar{i}$, Y$\bar{u}$suf al-Mu'taman ibn H$\bar{u}$d, introduce to teachers and students in the field where the question of cube duplication problem comes from and which solving method has developed it and suggests new methods for visualization using dynamic geometry program as well so that the contents reviewed can be used in the filed. The solving methods to cube duplication problem in this paper are very creative and increase the practicality, efficiency and value of Mathematics, and provide students and teachers with the opportunities to reconfirm the importance and beauty of basic knowledge in the secondary geometry in the process of visualization of drawing figures using dynamic geometry program.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2004

We measured biophoton emissions from seven acupuncture points of eight healthy subjects. The measured points are the Yintang, the $Danch{\bar{u}}$, the Shinketsu, the left and right $R{\bar{o}}ky{\bar{u}}$ and the left and right Yaotongwue of hands. The photo multiplier tube (H-610805s, Hamamatsu, Japan) has spectral range between 300nm and 650nm. Significantly low emission rate was observed at the Shinketsu where the rate was $3.7\;{\pm}\;1.8\;cps$. On the average the highest emission was from the Yaotongxue points where the rate was $11.3\;{\pm}\;5.4$. The high correlation between the left and right hands, and the low correlation between different points are consistent with previous reports.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제33권
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• pp.182-208
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• 2000

Kwan-gyongdo is a pictorial presentation of a $s{\bar{u}}tra$ that teaches the Buddhist way for a person to be reincarnated in the paradise of $Amit{\bar{a}}bha$ Buddha. It consists of a preface (Kwan-gyong sobun pyonsangdo) and 16 scenes of $S{\bar{a}}kyamuni$ preaching. The preface, a painting illustrating the motivation behind the production of tile kwan-gyongdo, illustrates the "Legend of King $Aj{\bar{a}}tasatru$", a tragic story in which the prince of India's Magadha kingdom murders his father, the king, to usurp the throne. The 16 subsequent scenes show $S{\bar{a}}kyamuni$ teaching the distressed queen how a person can be reborn in paradise through meditation and praying. In the kwan-gyongdo in the Mogao Cave No. 17 in Dunhuang, China, painted during the Tang dynasty (618-907), the preface and the 16 scenes are presented in one painting, whereas they are presented in two paintings in those painted in Korea during the Koryo period (918-1392). The difference is attributed to the stylistic disparity of the two periods. Despite the temporal gap between the Koryo paintings and the Mogao Cave paintings, a comparison of the two can show the characteristic development of kwan-gyongdo. Kwan-gyongdo of the Koryo period do not have the "enmity created in the previous life" scene featuring a heavenly figure and a hare, a result that shows the influence of the Tang school that deleted the scene. The scene of $S{\bar{a}}kyamuni$ preaching on the Mountain of Spirit is included in kwan-gyongdo of both the Koryo period and the Mogao Cave, but the scene of $S{\bar{a}}kyamuni$ emerging from the earth to the Magadha palace is not included in Koryo kwan-gyongdo. Kwan-gyongdo of Koryo are generally a simpler but more faithful rendering of the $s{\bar{u}}tra$.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.67-100
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• 2009

"Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhit$\bar{a}$(妙闻集)是印度传统医学最重要的经典著作之一, 与"Caraka-samhit$\bar{a}$(闺罗迦集)"以及成书于八世纪的"Astangahrdaya-samhita(八心集)"(内外科综合概要)并称'$\bar{A}$yurveda(阿输吠陀)'的"三位长老", 至今仍是当代印度'$\bar{A}$yurveda(阿输吠陀)' 正规教育所采用的主要教科书. Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhit$\bar{a}$(妙闻集)"是卷一"总說"46章, 卷二"病因论"16章, 卷三"身体论"10章, 卷四"治疗论"40章, 卷五"毒物论"8章, 卷六"补遗"66章等总共186章构成的. 其作者为苏斯鲁塔($Su\'{s}ruta$), 故此书亦称" Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhit$\bar{a}$(苏斯鲁塔本集)". "Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhit$\bar{a}$" 的成书年代无法确定, 虽然不乏认为其成书年代可以上溯到纪元前若干世纪者, 但现今一般倾向于认为其传世本的形成是在公元3~4世纪. 如果与韩医学加以比较, 可以说在经典的形成与流传方面, '$\bar{A}$yurveda(阿输吠陀)'的"三位长老"与今本"黄帝内经", 无论是在历史地位, 流传与分合, 内容形式及重要性等许多方面, 均有极大的可比性. 然而不论是想真正了解'$\bar{A}$yurveda(阿输吠陀)', 还是想对不同医学体系做比较, 交流方面的研究, 或是全面考察医学与社会, 哲学等等的关系, 仅仅阅读综述性的研究文章与著作总是不够的. 细观而真正了解经典原貌时所能体会到的真实感. 因此, 试图了翻译"Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhit$\bar{a}$". "Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhit$\bar{a}$"是用梵语写的, 所以很难接近. 以下借助大地原诚玄的1943年日译本"スシュルタ本集"之第一卷"总說" 而廖育群的"阿輪吠陀-印度的传统医学""妙闻集 总论篇"的主要内容译出. 如今西医体系获得了普遍性, 其他文化圈的传统医学消灭了. 然而其中韩医学和印度传统医学'$\bar{A}$yurveda(阿输吠陀)'仍然保持了生命力. 从而，论者通过翻译'$\bar{A}$yurveda(阿输吠陀)'医学经典即"Su$\acute{s}$ruta-samhit$\bar{a}$(妙闻集)"的"总說", 而且要贡献扩大韩医学和东洋传统医学的范围.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.141-154
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was planned to evaluate clinical status of the alopecia patients who had visited oriental medicine clinic. Methods : 80 patients with alopecia, who had visited oriental medicine clinic from January 2004 to August 2004, were examined. Results & Conclusions : 1. The kinds and incidences of Alopecia : androgenetic alopecia 57.5%(46/80), alopecia areatea 20.0%(16/80), telogen effluvium 16.3%(13/80), seborrheic alopecia 6.3%(5/80). 2. In distribution of sex, the rate of male to female was 1:1 and most patients belonged to 20-30 year old group. 3. The most common onset of age was adolescence(63.8%) and the most common duration of hair loss was 1 to 3 years. 4. Among the 30 male androgenetic alopecia patients, Hamilton's type 4 was most common and among the 16 female androgenetic alopecia patients, Ludwig's type II and III were most common. 5. Family history of baldness in Androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata were 56.5% and 25.0%, respectively. 6. Self-conscious causes of hair loss : stress(48.8%), irregular eating habits(21.3%), and lack of sleep(20.0%). 7. Associated diseases with alopecia patients : chronic neck pain(58.8%), temporomandibular disorders(55.0%) and seborrheic dermatitis(20.0%). 8. Associated symptoms with alopecia Patients : stress(78.8%), sleep disorders(68.8%), irregular eating habits(55.0%), Hot flush(43.8%), Stool disorders(43.8%), cold hands and feet(37.5%) and menstruation disorders(31.3%). 9. The most common scalp type was oily scalp(70.0%) and the symptoms of scalp were iching, dandruff, pain, inflammation. 10. $Bi{\grave{a}}n$ $zh{\grave{e}}ng$(辨證) of alopecia patients : $xu{\grave{e}}-r{\grave{e}}-f{\bar{e}}ng-z{\grave{a}}u$(血熱風燥) (25.0%), $g{\bar{a}}n-sh{\grave{e}}n-b{\grave{u}}-z{\acute{u}}$(肝腎不足) (23.8%), $shi-r{\grave{e}}-sh{\grave{a}}ng-zh{\bar{e}}ng$(濕熱上蒸) (16.3%), $xu{\grave{e}}-r{\grave{e}}-sh{\bar{e}}ng-f{\bar{e}}ng$(血熱生風) (13.8%), $xu{\grave{e}}-x{\bar{u}}-f{\bar{e}}ng-z{\grave{a}}u$(血熱風燥) (13.8%), $y{\bar{u}}-xu{\grave{e}}-z{\check{u}}-lu{\grave{o}}$(瘀血阻絡) (7.5%).

• 건축역사연구
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.47-66
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• 2007

$Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ are understood as the deities of four directions in Buddhism: $Dhrtar{\bar{a}}stra$ in the East, $Vir{\bar{u}}dhaka$ in the South, $Vir{\bar{u}}p{\bar{a}}ksa$ in the West and $Vai{\acute{s}}ravana$ in the North respectively. Their common name is, therefore, called as the "Four Guardian Kings", whose function is to prevent demonic forces from entering into its sacred world. Although the position of $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ is to the lowest level in the hierarchy of the minor deities in Buddhism, the cult of $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ was widely spread and prominent in the countries of Northern Buddhism. It played a significant role in terms of the state-protecting Buddhism, on behalf of it's esoteric and magic power. More than 20 Gateways of the $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ and $Lokap{\bar{a}}la$ statues were still well preserved in Korea, and they were believed to be constructed after the Japanese attack in 1592. After war, monks had concentrated on restoring ruined temples and building many new Gateways of the Four Guardian Kings over the Korean peninsular. Under such circumstances, even though the $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ played a significant role as the subject of cult in Korean Buddhism. they might have a small chance to be taught traditional Lama iconography exactly. The purpose of this essay is to examine the relation of orientation of the Gate way of $Lokap{\bar{a}}las$ and allocation of each Kings inside the gate.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 1976

동일 년급군 체장에 관한 도수분포는 정규분포를 하는데, 어류자원의 감소계수를 z라 할 때 x 세 년급군의 미수가 $N_x=N_o\exp(-zx)$로 표시된다. 위의 두가지 사실에다 체장조성표를 이용하여 생잔율 $\varrho^{-z}$ 추정하는 방법을 연구한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 연령, 분업에 관한 정밀조정표(표본)로부터 각년급군별 모체장평균, 모분산의 불편추정치($\bar{x},S^2$ 소표본일 때는 S^2 대신 $n/n-1{\cdot}S^2$를 구하였다. 2. 표본에서 구한 각 연금군별 모체장평균의 불편추정치$(\bar{x})$간의 경향선식과 각 년급군별 모분산($S^2$ 혹은 $n/n-1{\cdot}S^2$의 불편추정치간의 경향선식을 구하였다. 3. 각 경향선식에서 년급군별 모체장평균치와 모분산의 추정치$\hat{u},\hat{\sigma^2}$를 구하였다. 4. 각 년급군별로 모체장평균이 불편추정치$(\bar{x})$와 경향식에서 구한 모체장평균의 추정치$(\hat{u})$와의 차에 관한 유의성검정을 하고 또 각 년급군별로 모분산의 불편추정치($S^2$ 혹을 $n/n-1{\cdot}S^2$와 경향선식에서 구한 모분산의 추정치$\hat{\sigma}^2$와의 차에 관한 유의성검정을 하였다. 5. 유의성검정에서 두 종류 가운데 적어도 하나가 유의적이면 유의적인 년급군의 모체장평균(u)과 모분산$(\sigma^2)$을 모체장평균의 불편추정치$(\bar{x})$와 모분산의 불편추정치($S^2$ 혹은 $n/n-1{\cdot}S^2$로 한다. 2종의 검정이 유의적이 아닌 때는 해당하는 년급군의 모체장평균(u)과 모분산$\sigma^2$을 경향선식에서 구한 모체장평균의 추정치$\hat{u}$와 모분산의 추정치$(\hat\sigma^2)$로 하였다. 표본이 없는 년급군의 모체장평균(u)과 모분산$(\sigma^2)$도 역시 경향선식에서 구한 모체장평균 및 모분산의 추정치$\hat{u},\;\sigma^2$로 하였다. 6. 모체장평균(u)과 모분산$(\sigma^2)$이 추정되면 정규곡선면적표를 이용하여 년급군별로 각 체장계급에 해당하는 확률표를 만들었다. 7. 서로 이웃하는 체장계급의 비를 이용하여 생잔율 $\varrho^{-z}$ 값들을 구하였다. 8. $\varrho^{-z}$값들 중 이상적인 값은 유의적이면 기각하고 나머지 값으로 평균생잔율과 그 분산, 표준편차, 신뢰한계를 구하였다. 9. 향해 및 동지나해에 있어서 한국기선저인망에 어획된 참조기의 연령 및 체장에 관한 정밀조정표와 체장조직성표를 이용하여 년평균생잔율 $\varrho^{-z}$와 그 분산, 표준편차, 신뢰계수 $95\%$의 신뢰구분과 연평균 감소계수 Z를 구하였다.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.135-156
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• 2014

Through a simple translation and analysis of the "Su$\acute{s}$uta-saṃhit$\bar{a}$(The fascinating tales) S$\bar{u}$trasth$\bar{a}$na(The Introduction)", I have summarized the results of the research into the $\bar{A}$yurveda Herbal theory. 1. The title of chapter 40 is "dravya-rasa-guṇa-vip$\bar{a}$ka-vij$\tilde{n}$anīya(Medcation Taste Nature Effects Digestion)", and it states theoretical knowledge on materia medica. It says that 'matter' is the most important thing, and that it decides the curing effect. Although it does acknowledge the reason behind the doctors that emphasized things like 'taste', it mainly has a critical tone. The difference in philosophies and medical theory can be seen when we compare this to the "Caraka-saṃhit$\bar{a}$", 'theory on taste'. 2. The title of chapter 41 is "dravya-vi$\acute{s}$eṣa-vij$\tilde{n}$anīya(A Discussion on the Characteristics of Materia Medica)", and the contents of the chapter have a similar tone to the thoughts of the S$\bar{a}$mkhya(數論派). All 'matter' was created by the combination of the five elements of earth, water, fire, wind, and ether, and the predominant element makes it have an earth, water, fire, wind, or ether nature. Earth has an unmoving and down going nature, and makes the body strong. Water has an irrigating nature, and moistens the tissue and induces secretion and excretion. Fire has an upward-going nature, and improves sight and complexion. Wind relaxes and dries the body, and makes the mind and body agile. Ether gives flexibility, porosity, and candidness. The title of chapter 42 is "rasa-vi$\acute{s}$eṣa-vij$\tilde{n}\bar{a}$nīya(A Discussion on the Types of Rasa(taste))". "Rasa" is an important concept in $\bar{A}$yurveda. Sometimes it is translated as 'one of the seven types of bodily tissue' and seen as chyle, and sometimes it is seen as the tastes that can be felt with the tongue such as spicy, sweet, sour, bitter, salty, and astringent(澁). Volume 1, chapter 42 of the "Caraka-saṃhit$\bar{a}$" is dedicated to the "types of taste", and in chapter 26, it theorizes the concept of 'taste'.

• 한국수학사학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.25-46
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• 2006

서양 수학이 조선에 전입된 과정과 그 영향을 연구한다. 초기 과정은 최석정(崔錫鼎)$(1645\sim1715)$의 구수약(九數略), 홍정하(洪正夏)$(1684\sim?)$의 구일집(九一集), 중기 과정은 황윤석(黃胤錫)$(1719\sim1791)$의 이수신편(理藪新編), 홍대용(洪大容)$(1731\sim1781)$의 주해수용(籌解需用)을 통하여 조사한다. 서양 수학은 시헌력(時憲曆)의 도입과 함께 천문학의 연구를 위하여 도입되었다. 수리정온(數理精蘊)을 가장 잘 이해한 학산(鶴山) 초부(樵夫)의 수리정온보해(數理精蘊補解)(1730?)를 연구하고 서양 수학을 구조적으로 이해한 19세기의 이상혁(李尙爀)$(1810\sim?)$, 남병길(南秉吉)$(1820\sim1869)$을 연구한다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2005

One case of patient with urinary retention was reported in this clinical study. After the study, the results were as follows: 1. Anulesis belongs to l$\acute{o}$ng-bi(癃閉) in oriental medicine and the patient of this case belongs to chronic anulesis. 2. The patient of this case was thought as broke out anuresis by vesical nerve palsy of diabetic bladder pathy and sequela of stroke, and ischuria of long lie down 3. The patient of this case changeable process is supposed to urinary frequency, 'bi(閉)', 'l$\acute{o}$ong(癃)', urinary incontinence and urinary frequency. 4. First time of drug treatment is GAMIPHALJENG-SAN(ji$\bar{a}$-w$\grave{e}$i-b$\bar{a}$-h$\bar{e}$ng-s$\check{a}$n) by oral administration that action of alleviate a fever, water utilization and metaphase, convalescence time of drug treatment is PHALMIWANGAMI (b$\bar{a}$-w$\grave{e}$i-w$\acute{a}$n-ji$\bar{a}$-w$\grave{e}$i), YIKLUENG-TANG(yi-ling-t$\bar{a}$ng), CHUKYOO-TANG(s$\grave{u}$-ni$\grave{a}$o-t$\bar{a}$ng) that action of recreation. 5. Accupuncture treatment is s$\bar{a}$n-x$\bar{i}$ng-xuw$\acute{e}$, zw$\acute{u}$-s$\bar{a}$n-li, qi-h$\check{a}$i, gu$\bar{a}$n-yu$\acute{a}$n, zh$\bar{o}$ng-ji by mild supplementing and reducing manipulation of needle and heat accupuncture is qi-h$\check{a}$i, gu$\bar{a}$n-yu$\acute{a}$n, zh$\bar{o}$ng-ji-xu$\acute{e}$. 6. The other treatment is a sitz bath that prevent of urinary tract infection, and relieve of initial acute auresis by using of urethral catheterization.