• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2014

뽕잎의 기능성 성분이나 효능에 대한 소비자들의 관심이 높아짐에 따라 이에 대한 기초정보를 구축할 필요성이 제기되었다. 따라서 우리나라 620 계통(품종)의 뽕나무 유전자원 중 재배환경 및 재배법이 동일한 119 계통의 춘기 5개엽기 뽕잎을 채취한 후 동결건조 및 분말로 제조하여 뽕나무 유전자원의 계통별 rutin 함량을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 119 계통의 뽕잎 rutin 평균 함량은 $0.38{\pm}0.17%$이었으며, 변이계수(CV)는 45.7%로 계통간 변이가 매우 심하게 나타났다. 공시계통 중 '장뢰'의 rutin 함량이 0.97%로 가장 높았으며, '성수3'은 0.01%로 가장 낮았다. 뽕나무 유전자원 중 '품보6', '유진', '개량전전'은 각각 0.95%, 0.83%, 0.80%로서 전체 평균 함량의 2배 이상 되는 함량을 나타냈으며, '백학'과 '품보32' 계통은 각각 0.75%, 0.70%로 누에사육용 뽕 품종 중 가장 높은 함량을 나타낸 '청올뽕'(0.69%)보다 높았다. 따라서 이들 6계통은 뽕 육종이나 식의약용 소재로 개발코자 할 경우 우선 고려할 만한 대상들로 판단되며, 자연발효 등의 기법에 의해 rutin 함량을 증대시킨다면 더욱 그 이용이 기대되는 계통으로 여겨진다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2017

We studied on improvement method of rutin content using mulberry leaf powder. Mulberry leaves were collected and then hot-air dried and powdered for experiment. As a result, we have developed a pre-treatment method that extracts mulberry leaf powder with water or fermented alcohol with reflux extractor and then increases the rutin content by improving the process. Citric acid (0.1 ~ 1%) and 1000 ml fermented alcohol (50 ~ 95%) or water (10 ~ 50 times) was extracted with 100 g of mulberry leaf powder using a reflux extraction device ($80{\sim}90^{\circ}C$, 1 hour, twice). The extracts were collected, filtered and concentrated. For the recrystallization, the concentrate was dissolved by adding distilled water and allowed to stand at a low temperature. Then, the supernatant was discarded by centrifugation, and only the residue was lyophilized to prepare a final powder. As a result, regardless of the concentration of citric acid added, the content of rutin was higher in 90% fermented alcohol extract. Whereas, in the case of extracting with water, citric acid 0.5% was added to water 25 times as much as the weight of mulberry leaf powder, and 2274.4 (mg / 100g) of rutin content was highest in the case of refluxing twice at $80^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour. The powder with increased rutin content is expected to be applicable to various foods as a food additive. In addition, it can contribute to the improvement of the farm income by promoting consumption of mulberry leaf while satisfying the consumers' desire for functional food intake.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.347-352
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• 2014

Most known osteoporosis medicines are effective for bone resorption, and so there is an increasing demand for medicines that stimulate bone formation. Watercress (N. officinale R. Br.) is widely used as a salad green and herbal remedy. This study analyzed a watercress extract using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and identified a rutin as one of its major constituents. Osteogenic-related assays were used to compare the effects of watercress containing rutin (WCR) and rutin alone on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. The reported data are expressed as percentages relative to the control value (medium alone; assigned as 100%). WCR increased cell proliferation to $125.0{\pm}4.0%$ ($mean{\pm}SD$), as assessed using a cell viability assay, and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, an early differentiation marker, to $222.3{\pm}33.8%$. In addition, WCR increased the expression of collagen type I, another early differentiation marker, to $149.2{\pm}2.8%$, and increased the degree of mineralization, a marker of the late process of differentiation, to $122.9{\pm}3.9%$. Rutin alone also increased the activity of ALP (to $154.4{\pm}12.2%$), the expression of collagen type I (to $126.6{\pm}6.2%$), and the degree of mineralization (to $112.3{\pm}5.0%$). Daidzein, which is reported to stimulate bone formation, was used as a positive control; the effects of WCR on proliferation and differentiation were significantly greater than those of daidzein. These results indicate that WCR and rutin can both induce bone formation via the differentiation of MG-63 cells. This is the first study demonstrating the effectiveness of either WCR or rutin as an osteoblast stimulant.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1897-1901
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• 2010

Multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT)-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) were prepared for simultaneous determination of rutin and quercetin. Microbial carbohydrates, $\alpha$-cyclosophorohexadecaose ($\alpha$-C16) and succinoglycan monomer M3 (M3) were doped into MWNTs to prepare a $\alpha$-C16-doped MWNT-modified GCE (($\alpha$-C16 + MWNTs)/GCE) and a M3-doped MWNT-modified GCE ((M3 + MWNTs)/GCE), respectively. The sensitivities of the ($\alpha$-C16 + MWNTs)/GCE to rutin and quercetin were 34.7 ${\mu}A\cdot{\mu}M^{-1}{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ and 18.3 ${\mu}A\cdot{\mu}M^{-1}{\cdot}cm^{-2}$, respectively, in a linear range of $2\sim8{\mu}M$ at pH 7.2. The sensitivities of the (M3 + MWNTs)/GCE was 2.44 ${\mu}A\cdot{\mu}M^{-1}{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ for rutin and 7.19 ${\mu}A\cdot{\mu}M^{-1}{\cdot}cm^{-2}$ for quercetin without interference.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2001

Inflammation is a frequent radiation-induced following therapeutic irradiation. Treatment of human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVEC) with ${\gamma}$-irradiation (${\gamma}$IR) induces the expression of adhesion proteins such as intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin. Since the upregulation of these proteins on endothelial cell surface has been known to be associated with inflammation, interfering with the expression of adhesion molecules is an important therapeutic target. In the present study, we demonstrate that bioflavonoid rutin inhibits ${\gamma}$IR induced expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and E-selectin on HUVEC in a dose- and time dependent manner. Rutin also inhibited ${\gamma}$IR induced production of NO. These data suggest that rutin has therapeutic potential for the treatment of various inflammatory disorder associated with an increase of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules.

• Plant Resources
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2002

Korean cultivars of buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) was crossed with Canadian cultivars in order to improve seed yield as well as leaf production of buckwheat for using as food and medicine. The agronomic characteristics and rutin contents of F$_2$ hybrids are investigated for further selection of superior lines. Dry weight per plant was the highest in a line 1110(6.71g) and leaf weight per plant was the highest in a line 1110(1.91g). Hybrid seeds were 0.55 - 0.70cm long and 0.37 - 0.47cm wide on average. 100 seeds weight ranged from 2.57g to 3.58g. Line 1076 produced the longest seeds(0.70cm) and line 1186 was the longest in seed width. Line 1196 showed the highest 100 seeds weight(3.58g). The highest frequency of the LWR(length/width rate) was 0.66~0.70, indicating that seed shape of the hybrids was mostly oval. Line 1087 showed the highest contents of rutin(77.26ppm). Lines 1090 and 1181 contained respectively rutin of 54.76ppm and 54.35ppm in the seeds. From the yield and rutin point of view, the most superior lines was line 1087 among the lines used for this study.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2004

급성폐손상 중 가장 심한 형태인 급성호흡곤란증후군(ARDS)의 원형으로 사용되는 패혈증 모델에서 $PLA_2$의 억제제로 알려진 flavonoid 계열의 rutin이 폐장에 미치는 효과를 확인해봄으로써 ARDS의 치료제로써의 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 본 실험 결과 각 group간 폐장의 무게는 내독소 투여군이 대조군보다 현저히 높게 나타났으며, rutin을 전처리한 군은 내독소 투여군과 비교하여 폐장의 무게가 감소하였다. 또, MPO, 폐포세척액(BALF)내 단백함량과 호중구의 수를 측정한 결과, 내독소를 투여한 군은 대조군보다 증가하였으나 rutin을 전처리한 군은 현저히 감소하였고, 조직학적 및 미세구조적 관찰에서도 내독소를 투여한 군에서 나타나는 혈관주위의 부종, 폐포강내의 호중구의 축적 및 무기폐, 폐포세포의 괴사와 lamellar body의 공포화 현상과 같은 전반적인 병리학적 소견이 감소하였다. 폐장내 산소기 형성의 관찰 결과, rutin 투여군에서는 내독소 군에 비해 cerrous perhydroxide granules이 감소함으로써 rutin에 의해 산소기의 형성이 감소하였음을 확인하였다. 이러한 실험 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 내독소에 의한 급성폐손상은 호중구의 활성화에 따른 산화적 스트레스 때문이라고 사료된다. 뿐만 아니라 $PLA_2$의 억제제인 rutin을 전처리함으로써 폐장의 손상이 유의하게 감소하였다는 점은 $PLA_2$가 호중구의 활성화에 매우 중요한 인자라고 생각되며, 기존의 사용되어지고 있는 ARDS의 치료법은 효과가 크지 않으므로 본 실험 결과 입증되어진 rutin은 앞으로 ARDS의 효과적인 치료제로써 사용될 수 있는 가능성이 매우 높다고 사료된다.. 반면 selenium 용액을 비강점막에 직접 도포한 i.n 실험군에서는 i.p 실험군과 같이 후각점막에서 강한 AMG 반응이 관찰되었을 뿐만 아니라 이러한 반응이 기저막내 후각실의 주행을 따라 관찰되었다. 투과전자현미경으로 관찰된 후각상피에서는 AMG 과립이 지지세포의 세포 상층부에서 관찰되는 분비과립에 국한되는 소견이며, 이곳에서 관찰된 AMG은 과립(silver grains)은 원형 또는 난원형으로 그 크기는 다양하였다. 반면 세포체 하부에서 관찰된 AMG grains은 주로 용해소체위에서 밀집되어 관찰되었으며, 핵주변부 및 세포사이공간(intercellular space)에서는 AMG grains이 낱개로 구분, 관찰되었다. 한편 i.n 실험군에서 관찰된 후각점막의 전반적인 구조가 손상된 소견을 보였으며, 지지세포의 위쪽에서는 전자밀도가 높고 간상의 crystalloid structure가 다수 관찰되었고, 이들 구조에 다수의 AMG 과립이 붙어 있었다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 랫드 후각점막에 존재하는 zinc는 지지세포의 분비과립과 후각세포의 축삭다발인 후각실에서 관찰되었는데 이는 zinc가 후각기능과 매우 밀접한 관련있음을 시사하며, 이는 향후 후각기능과 zinc의 연관성을 연구하는데 소중한 자료가 될 것으로 믿는다. 또한 본 연구의 결과는 후각점막의 이상으로 나타나는 여러 가지 질환의 병리에서 zinc가 영위하는 신경생물학적 기능을 밝히는데 유용한 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.과 호르몬의 주기적인 분비에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다.%o보다 20%o, 30%o에 적응(適應)된 개체의 신장조직(腎臟組織)에서 더많이 발생되었다. 틸라피아의 신사구체(腎絲球體)는 담수(淡水)에서 10%o의 해수(海水)로 이주된지 14일(日) 이후에

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.111-113
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• 1976

Rutin was isolated from the leaves of Sambucus latipinna var. coreana and identified by comparison of its mixed melting point and IR spectrum against the authentic sample.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.35-37
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• 2001

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.166-168
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• 1988

The effects of aglycones moring and quercetin and their corresponding glycosides quercitrin and rutin were studied on the blood glucose levels of rats. Quercetin and quercetrin caused hypoglycaemia in rats while rutin and morin showed almost no difference. Quercetin, which showed 50% pronounced hypoglycaemic effects, reduced significantly the blood glucose level of alloxan diabetic rats.