• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2006

For the last 20 years, China has transformed itself from a rural economy into an industrial giant, averaging over 8 % annual growth of GDP. Unfortunately, this rapid growth has taken a significant toll on its natural resource base as well, particularly water resources. These problems have been exacerbated by a low level of sewage treatment technology and by the operating and maintenance (O&M). In case of urban areas, most big cities in China have a well functioning sewage system comprised of sewers and sewage treatment plants (STPs). Nevertheless, the existing STPs are still not capable of properly treating the sewage, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The rural areas in China cover a large land, with two-third of the nation's population. The low educational and poor economic states make it hard to process self-protection and management. In the surveyed area in Henan, there was no STPs put into use as of 2004, and the sewer lines are not well organized. The big issue for the currently planned STPs is the collection system not included in the plans.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3399-3402
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• 2012

A liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrrini (OV), is the major cause of the high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma in Thailand. The prevalence of OV infection remains high in various parts of the country, especially in Northeast Thailand and particularly in wetland rural areas where a large proportion of the community work in agriculture and continue the traditional practice of eating raw or uncooked cyprinoid fish products. The national control program seems to have had little impact in many of these areas, and it has been difficult to make precise assessments of the overall effectiveness of the program. This paper is the first report of prospective research project designed to monitor the impact of the national control program in rural communities located in a northeastern province and at high risk of OV infection. The participants in this initial survey were 1,569 villagers, aged 20-65 years, living in two subdistricts of Yasothon Province. Stool examinations showed that 38.68% were infected with OV. Males were slightly more likely to be infected than females, but the difference was not statistically significant. Infection was found to be positively associated with age in both males and females. The preliminary data indicate that the population selected for study is suitable for the purpose of the monitoring project.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.142-146
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• 2002

The effect of potassium phosphonate ($KH_2PO_3 or $K_2 HPO_3$) on the control of Phytophthora root rot of lettuce was evaluated in a liquid hydroponic culture. Phosphonate 100 ppm strongly inhibited mycelial growth of Phytophthora species in vitro but did not affect normal growth of lettuce in a greenhouse test. Application of the chemical before infection showed over 94% control value, while it was less than 35% when applied after infection. In a field trial, phosphonate 100 ppm, which was directly supplemented into the nutrient solution, satisfactorily controlled the disease as it did not develop until 28 days after transplanting and remained at less than 2% infection rate at the end of cultivation. Meanwhile, in the control plot, the disease initiated at 7 days after transplanting and developed rapidly reaching over 70% infection rate at 28 days. Population density of the causal pathogen, R drechsleri, in a heavily infested farm was 22.0-25.0 cfu/100 ml of nutrient solution. However, it decreased to 1.3-2.0 cfu/100 ml at 7 days after treatment with phosphonate 200 ppm.

• 농촌계획
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2014

This study analyzed the recognition of local residents surrounding farmland conversion area. The details of the survey on the residents included recognition of farmland conversion, the usage and reason of farmland conversion in the surrounding area, impacts of farmland conversion on the local region and agricultural production, and change in farmland prices. According to the analysis, the aging of the local residents progressed, and the ratio of farming population was high in the case study area. There were many warehouse facilities and small scale factories in terms of farmland conversion in the case study area, due to the surrounding area characteristics of industrial complex and relatively cheaper land prices. The farmland conversion affected the local area and residents both positively and negatively, and the surrounding area's land prices rose. The policy implications, based on the findings in this study, indicate the following need to be carried out: the consolidation of action on farmland pollution upon farmland conversion, review of planned collective conversion mode, and return of the land price hike profits to the affected local area and residents. Actually, farmland conversion should be conducted, after a comprehensive and systematic review, because it affects the local area and residents in a complex way.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

Current, integrated schools are small schools in rural areas and old towns with declining population, or special purpose middle and high schools. And new residential districts in urban areas including Seoul have also been established in integrated schools. In particular, the number of school of central investment evaluation for integrated schools in urban areas is increasing. In this way, integrated schools, which have been mostly implemented in small rural areas, are being introduced as new ways to establish schools in urban housing development areas where the number of students is small or the number of students is difficult to predict. However, many studies of integrated school have been limited to appropriate scaling of small schools in rural areas, school management methods, and satisfaction surveys. The study of integrated school in urban areas is also focused on the study of architectural planning. In addition, there were limitations in suggesting the comprehensive establishment plan of schools or approaching urban planning when developing housing complexes. The purpose of this study is to suggest efficient establishment plan of integrated school in the development of urban housing complexes.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

The existing smart farm technology has been systematized for the mass production rather than the consumer. There are many problems such as economical aspect to apply to actual rural environment due to aging. The purpose of this study is to apply smart farm technology based on the applicability of population aged in rural areas. Due to the heat wave, the crops in general greenhouse cultivation facilities suffered from damage such as sunlight damage. To minimize such damage, adjust the temperature and humidity environment or install a light-shielding film. However, the workers in the rural areas are aging and the elderly who are farming alone have a lot of difficulties in doing so. In the case of people with weak physical strength, there is a danger that they may lead to safety accidents when carrying heavy loads. In this paper, we propose 'Smart Palm capable of automatic transportation function', applying small smart vehicles that follow workers to existing smart farms to improve and prevent these problems. It is a smart farm that performs the control functions of the existing smart greenhouse environment, installs the rail for each trough, and has a vehicle that follows the worker. The smart app can directly control the greenhouse and the vehicle remotely manually.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2007

Rural areas dominate country landscape, where the population is rich in traditional and natural heritage. Dangsan forests and Rural community forests (RCF) have been maintained by local residents for hundreds of years. However, many of these forests have been disturbed, and only small amount of Dangsan forests and the RCF remain due to the efforts of local residents. Recently, the remnants of Dangsan forests and RCF have been regarded as living traditional landscapes representing the cultural and rural background of Korea. But the value of Dangsan forests and the RCFs has not been recognized by many. This study aims to understand the characteristics and management status of Dangsan forests in Sungnam-ri, Wonju. Sungnam-ri has four villages, each of which is bordered by a Dangsan forest at the riparian buffer. Sungnam-ri has been selsected as a site for a rural village development project by the Ministry of Agriculture & Forestry of Korea. Sunghwanglim (the Upper Dangsan forest) is designated as Natural Monument No.93 and entrance is limited in this area. The size of Sunghwanglim is $21,133m^2$, and the major tree species are Kalopanax pictus (Dangsan tree, Divine tree), Pinus densiflora, Abies holophylla, Acer triflorum, Ulmus davidiana, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Quercus serrata. In total, 124 trees with more than 40 cm in DBH are at this site. As for cultural activities, the Dangsan festival is held on April 8th and September 9th of the lunar calendar at shrines in the forests. Although other Dangsan forests are smaller than Sunghwanglim, they also have similar cultural activities. The landscape of the Dangsan forests have been managed for several hundred years by the local people, and they intend to continue maintaining the Dangsan forests for the purpose of festivals and other cultural activities. The findings in this study suggest that Dangsan forests have the potential for the development of rural villages and for the improvement of cultural and natural landscapes in Korea.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.87-92
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• 1986

The present surveys were conducted in attempts to investigate the health situation of horses in Korea through mass-screening the samples serologically, bacteriologically and clinically. A total of 575 horses were sampled randomly, comprising 126 from the Korean Horse Affairs Association, 288 from the Korean Equestrian Federation and 161 from the Jeju ponies. Each of the samples taken was tested for diagnoses of 18 horse diseases including African horse sickness. Summarised below are the results obtained from this surveys. 1. From results of the serological survey it is evident that Korea is currently free from African horse sickness, dourine, glanders, vesicular stomatits, equine piroplasmosis, equine viral arteritis, Venezuelan encephalomyelitis and contagious equine metritis. Constant vigilence with strengthened quarantine measures is thus vital for maintaining freedom of any those diseases in Korea. 2. No clinical case was observed with any of signs or symptoms of infectious lymphangitis, anthrax and infestations with ringworm, mange or scab. However, continuous follow-up is required for establishing the evidence of no occurrence of the diseases in Korea. 3. One case of seropositive to equine infectious anemia may fully justify systematic and regular testings for the whole population of horse in Korea. 4. It is manifested that equine rhinopneumonitis, Japanese encephalitis and Getah virus infection are well established in Korea, together with the presence of equine infectious abortion(Salmonella abortus equi). This strongly entails preventive precautions before entry into Korea for the horses participating in the 1986 Asian Games and the 1988 Seoul Olympics.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6365-6373
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• 2015

Background: Tobacco consumption has become pandemic, and is estimated to have killed 100 million people in the 20th century worldwide. Some 700,000 out of 5.4 million deaths due to tobacco use were from India. The era of global modernization has led to an increase in the involvement of women in tobacco consumption in the low income and middle-income countries. Tobacco consumption by females is known to have grave consequences. Objectives: To assess: (1) the tobacco use among urban and rural women; (2) the discrepancy in the knowledge, belief and behavior towards tobacco consumption among urban and rural women in Durg-Bhilai Metropolitan, Chhattisgarh, Central India. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 2,000 18-25 year old young women from Durg-Bhilai Metropolitan, Chhattisgarh, Central India, from both urban and rural areas. Data were collected using a pretested, anonymous, extensive face to face interview by a female investigator to assess the tobacco use among women and the discrepancy in the knowledge, belief and behavior towards tobacco consumption among urban and rural individuals. Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was found to be 47.2%. Tobacco consumption among rural women was 54.4% and in urban women was 40%. The majority of the women from urban areas (62.8%) were smokers whilst rural women (77.4%) showed preponderance toward smokeless tobacco use. Urban women had a better knowledge and attitude towards harms from tobacco and its use than the rural women. Women in rural areas had higher odds (1.335) of developing tobacco habit than the urban women. Conclusions: Increased tobacco use by women poses very severe hazards to their health, maternal and child health, and their family health and economic well-being. Due to the remarkably complex Indian picture of female tobacco use, an immediate and compulsory implementation of tobacco control policies laid down by t he WHO FCTC is the need of the hour.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.556-576
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 농촌소멸 대응을 위해 농촌 유휴공간을 활용할 수 있는 방안 모색을 목적으로 하였다. 연구는 '유휴시설', '폐교' 주제어를 통해 농촌지역 유휴시설에 관한 인식을 파악함과 동시에 '창업', '청년창업', '청년창업+농촌' 키워드를 토대로 유휴시설의 청년인구 유입을 위한 활성화 방안을 마련하고자 하였다. 연구는 빈도분석 및 주요 키워드 분석, 연결망분석, 감성분석과 국내·외 사례를 검토함으로써 정책 방향 및 방안 모색을 위한 기초자료 제시를 실시하였다. 분석된 결과 첫째, 유휴시설 및 폐교는 지역재생을 위한 요소로서 중요하게 작용하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 농촌지역 청년창업의 경우 농업에 대한 교육뿐만 아니라 거주를 위한 문제가 함께 해결되어야 함을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 청년계층의 경우 디지털을 활용한 창업에 적극적임으로 농업을 대상으로한 디지털 활용 구축이 필요한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로 국내·외 우수사례를 통해 청년 유입 및 지역활성화를 위해서는 지역주민과 연계되어 창업뿐만 아니라 문화와 교육 등 다양한 플랫폼 역할을 할 수 있는 정책적 방안이 제시되어야 할 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 유휴시설 활용 및 지역재생을 위한 대안 중 하나로 청년인구 유입을 위한 창업인식을 검토함으로써 농촌지역의 청년창업에 관한 시사점을 제시했다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 현장조사를 통하여 추가적인 해결 방안을 제시한다면 현실에 맞는 정책 목표 설정에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.