• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.101-108
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• 2019

The domestic duck industry is the sixth-largest among the livestock industries. However, 34.3% of duck houses were the duck houses arbitrarily converted from plastic greenhouses. This type of duck house was difficult to properly manage internal air temperature and humidity environment. Humidity environment inside duck houses is an important factor that directly affects the productivity and disease occurrence of the duck. Although the humidity environments of litters (bedding materials) affect directly the inside environment of duck houses, there are only few studies related to humidity environment of litters. In this study, evaporation rates from litters were evaluated according to air temperature, relative humidity, water contents of litters, and wind speed. The experimental chamber was made to measure evaporation rates from litters. Temperature and humidity controlled chamber was utilized during the conduct of the laboratory experiments. Using the measured data, a multi linear regression analysis was carried out to derive the calculation formula of evaporation rates from litters. In order to improve the accuracy of the multi linear regression model, the partial vapor pressure directly related to evaporation was also considered. Variance inflation factors of air temperature, relative humidity, partial vapor pressure, water contents of litters, and wind speed were calculated to identify multicollinearity problem. The Multiple $R^2$ and adjusted-$R^2$ of regression model were calculated at 0.76 and 0.71, respectively. Therefore, the regression models were developed in this study can be used to estimate evaporation rates from the litter of duck houses.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

Due to global warming issues caused by climate changes which are internationally being highlighted, recently, there are lots of efforts under way to reduce energy consumption in various fields. Currently, 25 percent of energy consumption in Korea are being generated from buildings and especially, nearly 54 percent of them are being consumed by households. This study, therefore, aims to consider energy consumption status in the existing rural houses and analyze structure system performance, window system performance and air-permeability of domestic passive-type buildings using PHPP which is an analysis program of building energy to improve energy consumption problems in rural areas. Then, energy reduction plans in rural houses were proposed, by comparing and analyzing energy reduction of the existing rural houses, based on these data.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information on the rural house planning through the research on the use of the standard plans, architectural characteristics, importance of the planning points and housing satisfaction of the residents. 25 rural households scattered around Chungchong provinces-south and north- were surveyed for this study through the questionnaire method. The results of this study were as follows. The importance considered first was the low construction costs, and therefore the standard plans were not fully acknowledged and commonly used. Most real plans are the single-floor houses with 3 rooms, having 25-30 pyong magnitude. The planning points stressed highly were the storage space, convenience of the plan and size of the living room. Housing satisfaction level was high on direction of the facade, size of the living room and position of the bath/washing room, but low for the storage space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

This study is aimed to survey on the perception of residents about general contents and current status of urban traditional houses in Cheongju. A study on methods is using questionnaire which 12 items of attraction in Urban Traditional Houses and experimental study focusing on residents in Seowoon-dong and Seokgyo-dong where traditional houses are concentrated. As a result, residents of urban traditional houses were categorized 6 sectors, which 4 sectors of Seowoon dong and 2 setors of Seokgyo-dong, caused by the road construction. The urban spatial structures of these sectors are maintained, comparing with aerial photography on 1960's. And residents recognize eco-friendly attraction higher than awareness on traditionality, locality and aesthetic beauty. It is proposed to prepare political alternative about traditionality, locality and aesthetic beauty. Low awareness about traditionality and locality have influenced that residents hope the change of the traditional houses.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

This study is about the co-relationship between the directional orientation of the houses and the geometric direction in the Korean traditional villages. The major mountain in the back of the village and the front mountain ranges give the most important influence for the direction of the houses. This paper, therefore, tries to identify how the houses of villages facing South-west direct the orientation. The village, where the natural environment face the South-west village, solves the problem by facing major direction rather than one all direction. All houses observe and respect the circumstance of geomantic surrounding to the extant that almost no houses revise its direction without any geomantic reference. This kind of research let us know the relationship between the natural direction, the direction of geomantic surrounding, and the direction of houses in traditional Korean villages.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.25-36
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to understand and explain the traditional housing-culture in South East Asia, focused on the traditional Malay houses. The research objectives are : 1) to obtain informations related to the traditional Malay houses in West Malaysia. 2) to survey the traditional Malay houses in the selected area. 3) to understand their characteristics. It is expected that the traditional Malay houses were a major focal point of traditional Malay village society. The Malay houses provided the basic needs of shelter to the villagers. They were designed and built by villagers themselves, thus, manifestation of the creative and aesthetic skills of the community. Further, these houses reflect those factors including climate, geographical features, history of the region.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

The study analyzed the heat losses and the building energy efficiency grade by the energy simulation using the ENERGY# and ECO2 programs for the three types of Standard design of rural houses. It was calculated the energy efficiency rating by the ECO2 program for the rural housing standard design, and the energy demand and the energy consumption by each factor were compared and analyzed. And it analyzed energy consumption by element of each house by ENERGY # program. As a result, first in the evaluation of the energy efficiency grade of buildings by the ECO2 program, the rating for primary energy requirement for the housing newly built by the standard design of rural house is expected to range from 2 to 4 with 189.3 to $238.7kWh/m^2.a$. Second, the energy loss of each part of standard design of rural housing occurs in the order of ventilation 39%, window 33%, outer wall 14%, roof 9%, bottom 5%, and energy loss through ventilation and window occurs more than 70%. Third, the most beneficial effects on the energy efficiency grade is obtained the lowest grade of all three types by 2 when the lowering of the window and door heat transmission rate and the lowering of the light density, and the heat exchange ventilation device is not installed. Fourth, in the standard design of rural housing, the energy demand is occupied by heating > hot water > lighting order, and the order of the weight is changed in order of heating > lighting > ventilation > hot water. Fifth, building energy efficiency assessment system needs to establish policy for fixing rural housing energy as a practical device to ensure energy performance and quality.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.417-436
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to prepare for developing rural house remodeling techniques utilizing the traditional residence factor. The study was carried out through both literature research and on-site research. The traditional residence space factors were identified through literature research and on-site research was carried out through analysis of the rural house remodeling cases. The results of this study was as follows ; 1) Traditional space factors were derived by literature research i. e. space arrangement (topography, direction, plane arrangement), exterior factors; walls, madang, interior factors; roofs, ondol, floors, colours. 2) The traditional residence factor utilizations of remodeling were applied a result through investigation case and analysis. Five rural houses in Namsa village, Danseong-myeon, Sangcheong-gun, Gyeongsangnam-Do were analyzed as remodeling cases including traditional residence factors. There were limitation of budget problems and material selection in the traditional residence factor utilizations of remodeling. The researchers have chosen target rural houses which applied for traditional residence factors to remodel the rural houses, and the most important factor to consider was harmony with rural unique characteristics. The researchers suggested considerations should be placed on development with energy savings and convenience in rural house remodelling.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2015

This paper aims to find out the effective solutions for overcoming the crisis of school closure in rural villages. Fortunately, we have some relevant cases that show the important roles of local communities providing rental houses to the potential residents. This study researches eight cases of elementary schools and their communities in Jeju which have overcome the crisis by providing rental houses to the immigrants. The results are as follows. First, it is effective to provide rental houses to prevent school closure crisis. Second, it is highly recommended to consider advancing schools for students and to offer possible jobs for their parents in order to make sustainable schools and communities. Third, in addition to the treatments for overcoming crisis of school closure, comprehensive measurements for improving new residents' quality of lives along with the collaboration between schools and communities, relations between natives and immigrants, and financial aids from central and local government should be implemented.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 2000

Go-Sul-Sik(高設式) On-Dol(溫突) houses have a combination of high Ma-Ru and high On-Dol structure. This type of house had been developed in the process of combining Ma-Ru with On-Dol. Go-Sul-Sik On-Dol houses give a clue to unveil exchanging process of Korean On-Dol and Ma-Ru. Go-Sul-Sik On-Dol can be understood as an architectural type of introducing On-Dol into the upper classes' Ma-Ru afterwards. Apparently, Go-Sul-Sik On-Dol houses were not a two-story building. But they had a two-story structure because of On-Dol rooms, which implied a symbolic rank and On-Dol's practicality as well as its being high. Go-Sul-Sik On-Dol houses were peculiar architectural type which realized lives of the very individual authority and symbolic representation within the strict Confucian society. It seemed to be derived from an alternative of the upper classes' architectural culture integrating an ideal into reality.