• 제목/요약/키워드: running motion

검색결과 334건 처리시간 0.031초

규칙기반 뉴스 비디오 앵커 TIT 검출방법: KBS와 MBC 9시 뉴스를 중심으로 (Rule-Based Anchor Shot Detection Method in News Video: KBS and MBC 9 Hour News Cases)

  • 유헌우;이명의
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
    • /
    • 제8권1호
    • /
    • pp.50-59
    • /
    • 2007
  • 본 논문은 뉴스 비디오를 색인, 검색하기 위한 관리 시스템의 기본 기술인 앵커 샷을 검출하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 현재 가장 많은 사람이 시청하는 'KBS 9시 뉴스'와 'MBC 9시 뉴스'의 앵커 샷의 특징 요소를 분석하여 4단계의 규칙기반 검출방법을 제안한다. 먼저 전처리로 비디오의 샷 경계를 검출하고 첫 번째 프레임을 키 프레임으로 선택한 후에 다음의 4가지 조건을 모두 만족하면 해당 샷을 앵커 샷으로 판단한다. 1) 키 프레임에 앵커의 얼굴이 존재하는 가의 여부, 2) 에지의 분포가 구조적으로 적합한지의 여부, 3) 배경의 색상 정보를 추출하여 기존의 앵커모델의 색상과 유사한지의 여부, 마지막으로 4) 샷 내의 움직임 비율이 일정 임계치 이하인지의 여부를 판단한다. 제안된 방법의 성능을 보이기 위해, 총 108분 분량의 서로 다른 날에 저장된 KBS와 MBC의 9시 뉴스 비디오에 대해 실험한 결과 평균적으로 0.91의 정확도와 1.0의 회수율, 0.98의 F-값을 얻을 수 있었다.

  • PDF

평행식 진동탄환 암거 천공기의 연구(III)-견인력, 토크, 동력 및 모멘크에 관한 모형시험- (A Study on Balanced -type Oseillating Mole-Drainer(III)-Model Test for Draft Force, Torque, Power and Moment)

  • 김용환
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
    • /
    • 제1권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-6
    • /
    • 1976
  • This paper is the third one of the study on balanced type oscillating mole-drainer, the first one was presented in No 9. Gyeongsang College Report and the second one in Vol. 17, No.4 of the KSAE. In the first part of this study, the characteristics of traction forces between the nonoscillating earth working equipments and oscillating ones was compared. A model of the balanced type oscillating mole-drainer, which composed of a mechanism that may reduce the machine vibration, was designed following the dimensional analysis and similitude technique. The model test was carried out to clarify the balancing mechanism of the oscillating parts and other parts of the machine. In the light of the results from the model tests, a prototype machine was made for experimental purpose. Results from the field test by a reported in the near future. In the second report, the model tests were carried out under the same soil conditions, i.e, . oscillating frequency, running velocity, and oscillating amplitude, etc. It was clear that use of balanced type oscillating model could substantially reduce the vibration of the whole system of the machine, when compared with the nonoscillating type model. In this paper(the third report), results of investigation on the traction force, power requirement, and moment. etc, is presented. Analysis of variance technique was used for analyzing the effect of the frequency, amplitude, and running velocity on the draft force, torque, power requirements, and moments. The results obtained from the model tests are as follows, 1) By practicing a balanced-type oscillating mole-drainer, it was possible to reduce the traction resistance by 55.1-61. 2 percent of traction resistance, however, was 1.75 - 1.95 times greater than the value of resistance which was induced by use of a mole-drainer with single bullet. The resistance of rear shank against soil was considered as a main causing factor of the above results. 2) As the oscillation frequency was increased, the traction resistance was decreased. Considering on the effect of oscillation the greater the amplitude, and the slower the running velocity was, the greater the reduction ratio of traction resistance was. 3) The ratio of the traction resistance of oscillating mole-drainer to that of non-oscillating one could be represented as a function of dimensionless variable (V/$Af$). The results from the tests were well agreed with the reported results from the experim ents on oscillation plow or hoe. 4) By taking a lower value of (V/$Af$), reducing the traction resistance was possible. This fact meant, however, that the efficiency of mole drain practice would be lower. 5) It was experimentally confirmed under the same condition of soil that the variable (R/$rD1^3$) could be represented as a function of a variable($V^2/gD$) when a non\ulcornerocillating mole-drainer was used. 6) When a oscillating mole-drainer was used, the variable(R/$rD_1^{3}$) could be represented as a function of two variables ($v^2/gD_1$) and (V^2/gD_1$). 7) The torque was not affected by a change of frequency. However, a relation of proportionality existed between torque and amplitude, running velocity, and ratio of bullet diameter. When a balanced type oscillating mole-drainer with two bullets was used, torque was increased by 52.8-78. 4 percent and total power requirement was also increased. 8) Total power requirement was increased linearly in accordance with the increasing frequency, 41.96 percent of total power was used for oscillating action. The magnitude of total power requirement was 1. 8-9. 4 times greater than that of a non-oscillating mechanism. In the view point of power requirement, it was not advisable to increase the frequency, amplitude, running velocity, and ratio of bullet diameter at the same time. 9) Only the positive moment occured in the rear shank. Change of the diameter of a rear bullet, could not affect the balancing against the soil resistance. It was necessary for rear bullet to have a large resistance against soil only when the rear bullet was in backward motion. 10) Within an extent of the experimental base, optimum limits for several design factors were A=0.5cm, $f$=22.5Hz, V=O. 05m/sec, and $\lambda$=1.0 By adapting these values traction resistance was reduced by 40 percent and vibration acceleration wa s reduced by 60 percent. Even though the total , power requirements for operating a balanced type oscillation mechanism was greater ~than that of non-oscillating one, using a oscillating mechanism would be more effective. Because a balanced type oscillating mechanism is used, tractive resistance will be reduced and then the lighter . tractive equipment could be used.

  • PDF

Dynamic Analysis of a Reciprocating Compression Mechanism Considering Hydrodynamic Forces

  • Kim, Tae-Jong
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
    • /
    • 제17권6호
    • /
    • pp.844-853
    • /
    • 2003
  • In this paper, a dynamic analysis of the reciprocating compression mechanism of a small refrigeration compressor is performed. In the problem formulation of the mechanism dynamics, the viscous frictional force between the piston and the cylinder wall is considered in order to determine the coupled dynamic behaviors of the piston and the crankshaft. Simultaneous solutions are obtained for the equations of motion of the reciprocating mechanism and the time-dependent Reynolds equations for the lubricating film between the piston and the cylinder wall and for the oil films on the journal bearings. The hydrodynamic forces of the journal bearings are calculated by using a finite bearing model along with the Gumbel boundary condition. A Newton-Raphson procedure is employed in solving the nonlinear equations for the piston and crankshaft. The developed computer program can be used to calculate the complete trajectories of the piston and the crankshaft as functions of the crank angle under compressor-running conditions. The results explored the effects of the radial clearance of the piston, oil viscosity, and mass and mass moment of inertia of the piston and connecting rod on the stability of the compression mechanism.

Real-Time Vehicle License Plate Detection Based on Background Subtraction and Cascade of Boosted Classifiers

  • Sarker, Md. Mostafa Kamal;Song, Moon Kyou
    • 한국통신학회논문지
    • /
    • 제39C권10호
    • /
    • pp.909-919
    • /
    • 2014
  • License plate (LP) detection is the most imperative part of an automatic LP recognition (LPR) system. Typical LPR contains two steps, namely LP detection (LPD) and character recognition. In this paper, we propose an efficient Vehicle-to-LP detection framework which combines with an adaptive GMM (Gaussian Mixture Model) and a cascade of boosted classifiers to make a faster vehicle LP detector. To develop a background model by using a GMM is possible in the circumstance of a fixed camera and extracts the motions using background subtraction. Firstly, an adaptive GMM is used to find the region of interest (ROI) on which motion detectors are running to detect the vehicle area as blobs ROIs. Secondly, a cascade of boosted classifiers is executed on the blobs ROIs to detect a LP. The experimental results on our test video with the resolution of $720{\times}576$ show that the LPD rate of the proposed system is 99.14% and the average computational time is approximately 42ms.

진동을 이용한 철도차량의 무게중심과 관성모멘트 현장 측정 (Field Measurement of the Center of Gravity and the Moment of Inertia of Railway Vehicles Using Vibration)

  • 송기석;최연선
    • 한국소음진동공학회논문집
    • /
    • 제23권10호
    • /
    • pp.878-884
    • /
    • 2013
  • The center of gravity and the moment of inertia of railway vehicles are important parameters for running safety and stability in railway vehicle design. However, the exact measurement of those is difficult in manufacturing field. The weight measurement of a railway vehicle beneath the wheel using a weight scale is off by a large amount. This paper suggests a measurement method for the center of gravity and the moment of inertia of railway vehicles using vibration. For the measurement a railway vehicle is suspended using four wires. Direct measurement of the tension of the wires and the period of swinging motion of the suspended railway vehicle with calculations give the exact location of the center of gravity and the moment of inertia in x, y, and z directions, respectively. This implementation was demonstrated using an experimental device and verified numerically.

Training of Fuzzy-Neural Network for Voice-Controlled Robot Systems by a Particle Swarm Optimization

  • Watanabe, Keigo;Chatterjee, Amitava;Pulasinghe, Koliya;Jin, Sang-Ho;Izumi, Kiyotaka;Kiguchi, Kazuo
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
    • /
    • pp.1115-1120
    • /
    • 2003
  • The present paper shows the possible development of particle swarm optimization (PSO) based fuzzy-neural networks (FNN) which can be employed as an important building block in real life robot systems, controlled by voice-based commands. The PSO is employed to train the FNNs which can accurately output the crisp control signals for the robot systems, based on fuzzy linguistic spoken language commands, issued by an user. The FNN is also trained to capture the user spoken directive in the context of the present performance of the robot system. Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based automatic speech recognizers are developed, as part of the entire system, so that the system can identify important user directives from the running utterances. The system is successfully employed in a real life situation for motion control of a redundant manipulator.

  • PDF

Low energy ultrasonic single beacon localization for testing of scaled model vehicle

  • Dubey, Awanish C.;Subramanian, V. Anantha;Kumar, V. Jagadeesh
    • Ocean Systems Engineering
    • /
    • 제9권4호
    • /
    • pp.391-407
    • /
    • 2019
  • Tracking the location (position) of a surface or underwater marine vehicle is important as part of guidance and navigation. While the Global Positioning System (GPS) works well in an open sea environment but its use is limited whenever testing scaled-down models of such vehicles in the laboratory environment. This paper presents the design, development and implementation of a low energy ultrasonic augmented single beacon-based localization technique suitable for such requirements. The strategy consists of applying Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to achieve location tracking from basic dynamic distance measurements of the moving model from a fixed beacon, while on-board motion sensor measures heading angle and velocity. Iterative application of the Extended Kalman Filter yields x and y co-ordinate positions of the moving model. Tests performed on a free-running ship model in a wave basin facility of dimension 30 m by 30 m by 3 m water depth validate the proposed model. The test results show quick convergence with an error of few centimeters in the estimated position of the ship model. The proposed technique has application in the real field scenario by replacing the ultrasonic sensor with industrial grade long range acoustic modem. As compared with the existing systems such as LBL, SBL, USBL and others localization techniques, the proposed technique can save deployment cost and also cut the cost on number of acoustic modems involved.

박폭 저장력 피스톤 링 팩에 대한 오일소모 연구 (A Study on Oil Consumption Related with the Piston Ring Pack with Thinner Ring Width and Lower Ring Tension)

  • 전상명
    • Tribology and Lubricants
    • /
    • 제25권5호
    • /
    • pp.311-317
    • /
    • 2009
  • To satisfy the more severe emission regulation and the demand of higher fuel economy in near future, the combustion pressure and power output of engines is going to be higher. In order to get the reduction of engine emission and the higher power, it is needed the reduction of the tension and width of ring pack. The lower tension ring and the thinner width ring can bring not only the friction reduction between the ring and liner during engine running, but also the adjustment of the blow-by gas and oil consumption by changing in the pressure in the crevice volume and the axial motion of rings togethe with the adjustment of the inter-ring crevice volumes. In this study, by using a developed basic computer proglram that predicts the blow-by gas and oil consumption of engines, it is to be examined how satisfying the level of the blow-by gas and oil consumption as being installed the piston ring pack with thinner width ring and lower tension ring.

블랙박스 기법을 이용한 교통사고 분석 (Traffic Accident Analysis using Blackbox Technique)

  • 홍유식;김천식;윤병주;조영임
    • 한국지능시스템학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집 제15권 제2호
    • /
    • pp.452-455
    • /
    • 2005
  • 교통사고를 재현하기 위해서는, 블랙박스를 이용해서 교통사고 전의 30초 데이터를 자동으로 저장해야 된다. 블랙박스 장치는 충돌 교통사고를 자동으로 검출할 수 있고, 사고전후에 미리 정의한 기한동안에 차량동의 그리고 운전사 기동을 기록할 수 있다. 그러나 뺑소니운전자를 붙잡는 것은 쉽지 않다. 왜냐하면, 2시간 또는 3 시간 후에는, 범인이 증거를 제거할 수 있다. 그러므로, 교통사고 현장에서 뺑소니 운전자를 검거하기 위해서, 본 논문에서는 조적 질문 언어 서버와 한 부속 데이타베이스를 이용한 알고리즘을 개발하였다.

  • PDF

등속 이동 음원의 통과소음 스펙트럼 추정에 관한 연구 (Spectral Estimation of the Pass-by Noise of an Acoustic Source)

  • 임병덕;김덕기
    • 대한기계학회논문집A
    • /
    • 제29권12권
    • /
    • pp.1597-1604
    • /
    • 2005
  • The identification of a moving noise source is important in reducing the source power of the transport systems such as airplanes or high speed trains. However, the direct measurement using a microphone running with noise source is usually difficult due to wind noise, white the source motion distorts the frequency characteristics of the pass-by sound measured at a fixed point. In this study the relationship between the spectra of the source and the pass-by sound signal is analyzed for an acoustic source moving at a constant velocity. Spectrum of the sound signal measured at a fixed point has an integral relationship with the source spectrum. Nevertheless direct conversion of the measured spectrum to the source spectrum is ill-posed due to the singularity of the integral kernel. Alternatively a differential equation approach is proposed, where the source characteristics can be recovered by solving a differential equation relating the source signal to the distorted measurement in time domain. The parameters such as the source speed and the time origin, required beforehand, are also determined only from the frequency-phase relationship using an auxiliary measurement. With the help of the regularization method, the source signal is successfully recovered. The effects of the parameter errors to the estimated frequency characteristics of the source are investigated through numerical simulations.