• 음성과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2003

This paper describes a new parameter for voice activity detection which serves as a front-end part for automatic speech recognition systems. The new parameter called run-ratio is derived from the runs test statistic which is used in the statistical test for randomness of a given sequence. The run-ratio parameter has the property that the values of the parameter for the random sequence are about 1. To apply the run-ratio parameter into the voice activity detection method, it is assumed that the samples of an inputted audio signal should be converted to binary sequences of positive and negative values. Then, the silence region in the audio signal can be regarded as random sequences so that their values of the run-ratio would be about 1. The run-ratio for the voiced region has far lower values than 1 and for fricative sounds higher values than 1. Therefore, the parameter can discriminate speech signals from the background sounds by using the newly derived run-ratio parameter. The proposed voice activity detector outperformed the conventional energy-based detector in the sense of error mean and variance, small deviation from true speech boundaries, and low chance of missing real utterances

• 물과 미래
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.329-338
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• 1986

the purpose of this study is to estimate the storage deficit by Run's Characteristics of (-)Run-length and (-)Run-sum. Runoff data are obtained from the guaging stations of Y대-Ju in Hanriver Basin, Wae-Gwan in Nak Dong River Basin and Gyo Am in Geum River Basin. In order to estimate the storage deficit, runhydrographs are established with each return period of 10, 30, ......, 200 years and regression equation is derived from relationship between (-) run-length and storage deficit. From the comparison of estimated reservoir storage with observed values., it was proved that this suggested method can be used for the estimation of the storage deficit.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 1984

A new approach to texture classification for quantitative ultrasound liver diagnosis using run difference matrix was developed. The run difference matrix comprised the gray level difference along with a distances. From this run difference matrix, we defined several vectors and parameters such as DOD, DGD, DAD vector, SHP, SMO, SMG, LDE, LDEL etc.Each parameter values calculated in fatty, cirrhotic, normal and chronic hepatitic liver images were plotted in a plane and we found that RDM method was more sensitive to small structural changes than the conventional run length method and showed improved classification ability between the diseases.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.287-301
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• 2024

From the mathematical and statistical point of view, a segment of a DNA strand can be viewed as a sequence of four-state (A, C, G, T) trials. Herein, we consider the distributions of runs and patterns related to the run lengths of multi-state sequences, especially for four states (A, B, C, D). Let X₁, X₂, . . . be a sequence of four state independent and identically distributed trials taking values in the set 𝒢 = {A, B, C, D}. In this study, we obtain exact formulas for the probability distribution function for the discrete distribution of runs of B's of order k. We obtain longest run statistics, shortest run statistics, and determine the distributions of waiting times and run lengths.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.44-56
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• 1997

When sewage sludge is treated by cornposting, higher moisture content and lower C/N ratio on sewage sludge is problems. This paper project to alesolve two problems. The almost trends in run 3 of MC 70% are similar to these in run 1 and 4 of MC 65%. A retention time of the highest temperature (>50$\circ$C) and increase rate of temperature in run 3 are an affinity to these in run 4. Particularly, decrease rate of temperature in run 3 is slower than others and this data shows the more activity of thermal microbial in run 3 than that in others. C/N ratio trends in run 3 shows slow reaction in initial stage but, after 9 days, is similar to that in run 1 and 4. Carbon trends in each run are a similarity to C/N ratio trends. Temperature, MC, carbon and C/N ratio trends in run 5, whose C/N ratio is 15, show less microbial activity than that in run 6, whose C/N ratio is 20. But temperature increase of the beginning stage and pH of the final stage in run 5 are greater than that in run 6. Final MC and carbon content in run 5 and 6 have a similar values. That is, final MC in run 5 and 6 is 49.39% and 48.97% and final carbon content in each run is 25.15% and 22.20%. Expecially, a temperature increase and C/N ratio decrease rate of the beginning stage in run 5 are greater than these in run 6. This shows the shorter lag time in run 5 than lag time in run 6.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2014

The paper presents the numerical analysis of wave run-up over rubble-mound breakwaters covered by antifer units using a technique integrating Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software. Direct application of Navier-Stokes equations within armour blocks, is used to provide a more reliable approach to simulate wave run-up over breakwaters. A well-tested Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) Volume of Fluid (VOF) code (Flow-3D) was adopted for CFD computations. The computed results were compared with experimental data to check the validity of the model. Numerical results showed that the direct three dimensional (3D) simulation method can deliver accurate results for wave run-up over rubble mound breakwaters. The results showed that the placement pattern of antifer units had a great impact on values of wave run-up so that by changing the placement pattern from regular to double pyramid can reduce the wave run-up by approximately 30%. Analysis was done to investigate the influences of surface roughness, energy dissipation in the pores of the armour layer and reduced wave run-up due to inflow into the armour and stone layer.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.225-233
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• 1997

부체의 장주기동요, 연안구조물과 계류선의 파괴 등과 같은 역기능으로 인해 파군현상의 정확한 해석은 시급한 과제라 하겠다. 본고에서는 연안계에서 발생하는 파랑과 가장 근접한 비선형불규칙 파랑계를 산정하여 해안구조물의 피로거동에 지대한 영향을 미치는 파군당 파랑의 수와 해안구조물의 first excursion failure mode를 결정하는 high run에서의 파랑수를 중심으로 파군현상을 해석하였다. 해석과정에 mapping technique과 유의파경사를 perturbation parameter로 섭동이론이 사용되었다. 해석결과 Gaussian wave계에서 균등분포하는 것으로 알려진 위상함수는 평균값 주위에 집중분포하였고, 그 정도는 비선형성이 증가할수록 심화되었다. threshold crossing rate의 경우 비선형성이 심화될수록 평균해수위보다 큰 쪽으로 분포형이 이동하였으며 파군당 파랑수와 high run에서의 파랑수도 비슷한 경향을 보여 최근 설치범위가 심해쪽으로 확대되는 해안구조믈의 경우 피로거동에 대한 보강이 요만된다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1992

A new approach to texture classification for quantitative ultrasound liver diagnosis using run difference matrix was developed. The run difference matrix comprised the gray level difference along with a distances. From this run difference matrix, we defined several vectors and parameters such as DOD, DGD, DAD vector, SHP, SMO, SMG, LDE, LDEL etc. Each parameter values calculated in fatty, cirrhotic, normal and chronic hepatitic liver images were plotted in a plane and we found that RDM method was more sensitive to small structural changes than the conventional run length method and showed improved classification ability between the diseases.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.367-379
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• 1998

This paper considers two modes of partially accelerated life tests for items having Weibull lifetime distributions. In a use-to-acclerated mode each item is first run at use condition and, if it does not fail for a specified time, then it is run at accelerated condition until a predetermined censoring time. In an accelerated-to-use mode each one is first run at accelerated condition and, if it does not fail for a specified time, then it is run at use condition. Maximum likelihood estimators of the parameters of the lifetime distribution at use condition, and the 'acceleration factor' are obtained. The stress change time for each mode is determined to minimize the asymptotic variance of the acceleration factor, and the two modes are compared. For selected values of the design parameters the optimum plans are obtained, and the effects of the incorrect pre-estimates of the design parameters are investigated. Minimizing the generalized asymptotic variance of the estimators of the model parameters is also considered as an optimality criterion.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.312-317
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• 2014

In this paper, the wave run-up height and depression depth around air-water interface-piercing circular cylinder have been numerically studied. The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations (RANS) and continuity equations are solved with Reynolds Stress model (RSM) and volume of fluid (VOF) method as turbulence model and free surface modeling, respectively. A commercial Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software "Star-CCM+" has been used for the current simulations. Various Froude numbers ranged from 0.2 to 1.6 are used to investigate the change of air-water interface structures around the cylinder and experimental data and theoretical values by Bernoulli are compared. The present results showed a good agreement with other studies. Kelvin waves behind the cylinder were generated and its wave lengths are longer as Froude numbers increase and they have good agreement with theoretical values. And its angles are smaller with the increase of Froude numbers.