• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to obtain statistical data on the residual bone height at different natural tooth positions by panoramic radiography in edentulous Korean patients aged 60-90 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study included the diagnostic panoramic radiographs of 180 randomly selected edentulous patients without systemic diseases affecting bone. The radiographic selection criteria included absence of obvious facial asymmetry, clearly visible anatomic structures, and no surgical and fracture history. The panoramic radiographs of 79 patients met these criteria and were used in the analysis. The same researcher processed all the radiographs by using a standardized method. The height of the residual bone was measured at 18 predetermined sites (7 in the maxilla and 11 in the mandible) on digitized and printed radiographs by using a Digimatic caliper, triangle, and ruler. Gender- and age-related differences were statistically analyzed by using the t-test and rank-sum test (${\alpha}=0.05$). RESULTS. The maxillary residual bone height did not show significant gender-related differences, but male patients had significantly higher residual bone in the mandible(P<.05). No significant height differences at the measured sites were noted among the 60s, 70s, and 80s age groups. CONCLUSION. Dentists should pay greater attention to older female edentulous patients because they are more prone to rapid residual bone resorption. Residual bone resorption may not be affected by age.

• Korean Medical Education Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

The idea that medicine itself imposes certain obligations upon the physician probably originated in Greece. It is Socrates in the fifth century BC who first discussed medical professionalism. Socrates said that no physician should seek the advantage of the physician but of the patient. For the physician was a ruler of bodies and not a money-maker. However, it is Hippocrates, the contemporary of Socrates and the Father of Medicine, who founded medical professionalism education and professional medical ethics. The professional spirit of Greek physicians is summed up in the magic phrase 'love of humanity.' In Epidemics I, Hippocrates expressed hope that physicians would help patients, or at least do them no harm. He also said, "Life is short; Art is long" in The Aphorisms. Here he described the reflective philosopher and the practiced physician. At once he sang the shortness of human life and the extent of the medical arts. Moreover, he made students swear by the gods that "I will keep pure and holy both my life and my art." The Oath can serve as a coherent starting point and organizing framework for medical professionalism education and professional medical ethics. We need to have an opportunity to employ this fascinating text in teaching medical professionalism and medical ethics. In this article, the author asserts that the Hippocratic Aphorism (Life is short; Art is long) and The Oath, the most famous work of the entire Hippocratic collection, should be used for medical professionalism education.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.713-718
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• 2012

Lumber spine range of motion has been used to measure of physical and functional impairment by various tools from a ruler to 3D kinematic devices. However, pre-existing tools have problems in either movement or accuracy and reliability limitations. Accurate devices are limited by fixed space whereas simple devices are limited in measuring complex movements with less accuracy. In order to solve the location, movement and accuracy limitations at once, we have developed a novice measurement device equipped with accelerometer sensor and gyroscope sensor for getting three-dimensional information of motion. Furthermore, Kalman filter was applied to the algorithm to improve accuracy. In addition, RF wireless communication was added for the user to conveniently check measured data in real time. Finally, the measurement method was improved by considering the movement by a reference point. An experiment was conducted to test the accuracy and reliability of the device by conducting a test-retest reliability test. Further modification will be conducted to used the device in various joints range of motion in clinical settings in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.214-223
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• 2006

Purpose: This study is to find the significant symptoms related to bone density, from which a cost-effective nursing diagnosis and intervention can be derived. Method: The research sample was 102 women, the sampling was designed by the researcher's convenience, and the subjects of the sample voluntarily participated in a questionnaire survey and measurements. The questionnaire asked socio-demographics, women' reproductive health symptoms, and the life style of the subject. Osteometer DTX-200 for bone density measure and a ruler for measuring spinal curvature were used. All the data were collected at the two public health clinics in a city in Korea. Result: The subjects' current and completed menopause ages, duration of menopause, degree of spinal curvature, BMI, frequency of parity and etc. showed significant correlations with bone density. However, only the degree of spinal curvature(p<.001, r=-.22) was found to be meaningful as a predicted factor for self diagnosis of bone density level. Conclusions: Since most of the subjects have not recognized the relationships between changes in spinal curvature and lowered bone densities, nurse needs to educate clients to get medical assistance to prevent from further bone density reduction by earlier finding of spinal curvature.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.529-546
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• 2004

The Chosun Dynasty＇s establishment of Five-Ceremony, which occurred shortly after its founding, and the revision of traditional Korean music were based on Confucianism＇s Ceremony-Pleasure Idea(예약사상). The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of Cheo-Yong dancing, both social and political, on the role of royal dancing. Furthermore, this study will consider what the Chosun Dynasty＇s(조선) rulers pursued, by researching the reasonswhy Cheo-Yong dancing changed with the times along with the symbolic change of clothing for Cheo-Yong dancing through (Ak-Hak-Gue-Bum), a book which explains music and dance in Chosun Dynasty as a part of Ceremony-Pleasure Idea(예약사상) the people ruled ever the country tough courtesy etiquette and music. Consequently, Cheo-Yong dancing which was introduced in (Ak-Hak-Gue-Bum) played the roles of justifying, strengthening and displaying royal authority. And because the symbolism of Cheo-Yong dancing is reflected in clothing for Cheo-Yong dancing, it can be concluded that it expresses not only the sense of value of that times but also ruler＇s idea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.257-267
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• 2009

Purpose：The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of ultrasound and myofascial release in patients who have opening mouth limitation and temporomandibular disorder. Methods：Twenty students were randomly assigned to a myofascial release group(n=10) or an ultrasound group(n=7). Each group was treated for 15 minutes per a every treatment session for four weeks. Cervial range of motion(CROM) was used to measure cervical R.O.M., and a mm(millimeter) graduated ruler was used to measure opening mouth limitation. Results：Results of the follows : 1. The neck extension of range of motion of both groups was significantly increased in length of time (p<.05). 2. The neck flexion of range of motion of both groups was significantly increased (p<.05). 3. The quantity of opening mouth of temporomandibular joint of both groups was significantly increased (p<.05). Conclusion：These data suggest that myofascial release and ultrasound are beneficial to increasing a functional recovery of neck(flexion and extension) and opening mouth.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.117-124
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• 2004

Recently, nano-methodology is increasingly important as the ruler for measuring nano-technology, and we applied the linear encoder to nano-methodology. The quadrature output in the linear encoder has an effect on increasing the resolution in some techniques. Already, various interpolation techniques based on the quadrature signal have applied to the precision servo system. In this paper, we propose a new interpolation algorithm for ultra-precision positioning in the low speed with simulation by MATLAB SIMULINK. This method modified previous methods and was properly designed for some given control system. To verify, we first fulfilled the encoder signal test to find main parameters fer the signal transformation, then we proved the proposed interpolation algorithm by experiments, which show that the result of the interpolation algorithm corresponds with the measurement of the laser interferometer in 100 nm unit approximately. In addition, we can get more precise measurement by more accurate and noise-free signal. So we need to compensate imperfections in the encoder signal. After that, we will apply this algorithm to nano positioning system.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2021

Background: Flat-back posture refers to a posture in which the pelvis is tilted backward, the lumbar spine is bent, the upper thoracic spine is increasingly bent, and the lower thoracic spine is straight. Given that most of the day is spent sitting, we need to develop exercise programs and devices that are suitable for people who spend less time exercising than sitting. Objects: This study investigated the effects of resistance footrest exercise on spine posture angles in visual display terminal (VDT) workers with flat back. Methods: We measured the upper lumbar angle (ULA) and lower lumbar angle (LLA) using a flexible ruler for the ULA and LLA. Then, after 1 week of resistance footrest exercise designed to strengthen the lumbar spine musculature, we measured these angles again. We measured each angle three times and then compared measurements from before and after exercise. Results: There were no significant differences in the ULA following the strengthening exercise, but significant differences were observed in LLA. Conclusion: The resistance footrest exercise strengthened the muscles affecting the pelvic and lumbar lordotic angles, and increases in the LLA were changed. This suggests that the role of the lower lumbar spine in the lumbar lordotic curve is greater than that of the upper lumbar spine. In addition, considering the contemporary tendency to lead fairly sedentary lives, these results indicate that exercising while seated can be effective.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2019

Background: After closed reduction, patients are sometimes concerned that their external nasal shapes have changed. The aim of this study was to investigate and explain changes in nasal shape after surgery through objective photogrammetric anthropometry measurements taken through three-dimensional (3D) reformed computed tomography (CT) images. Methods: Our study included 100 Korean patients who underwent closed reduction of isolated nasal bone fracture from January 2016 to June 2017. Using the ruler tool in Adobe Photoshop CS3, we measured preoperative and postoperative nasal base heights, long nostril axis lengths, both nasal alar angles, and amount of nasal deviation through the 3D reformation of soft tissue via CT scans. We then compared the dimension of nose. Results: The amount of postoperative correction for nasal base height was 1.192 mm. The differences in nostril length between each side were found to be 0.333 mm preoperatively and 0.323 mm postoperatively. The differences in the nasal alar angle between each side was $1.382^{\circ}$ preoperatively and $1.043^{\circ}$ postoperatively. The amount of nasal deviation was found to be 5.248 mm preoperatively and 1.024 mm in postoperatively. Conclusion: After the reduction of nasal bone fractures, changes in nasal dimensions were noticeable in terms of nasal deviation but less significant in nasal tips, except for changes in nasal alar angles, which were notable.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.226-233
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• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to establish an accurate and effective method of locating acupoints of the forearm by studying bone proportional measurement. Methods : A total of 60 volunteers, 30 men and 30 women, participated in this study. 7 parts of the body were measured by a soft ruler or digital vernier calipers. The cun of the upper limb was calculated and analyzed. And the results were compared with the standard cun. Results : The bone proportional cun of the forearm based on height and femur was close to 11. It was different from the standard 12.5, 12 or 10. The cun of the forearm by thumb or finger width measurement was different from the standard too. Conclusions : We suggest that locating acupoints of the forearm needs to be done based on 11 cun. The confusion on locating acupoints of the forearm will be reduced by reflecting the result of the actual measurement.