• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.227-232
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• 2008

Phytochemical further investigation of the chloroform extract of the aerial parts of Crucianella maritima L. (Rubiaceae) growing in Egypt resulted in the isolation of a new anthraquinone; 3-formyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxy anthraquinone (3) along with the four known compounds isolated for the first time from the genus Crucianella; alizarin-1-methyl ether (2), 1,4-dihydroxy-2-methoxy anthraquinone (5), 1, 3, 6-trihydroxy-2-methoxy anthraquinone (7) and the flavonol kaempferol (8), beside four known compounds previously isolated from the same plant. The structures of the isolated compounds were established based on different spectroscopic data including UV, IR, EIMS, 1D and 2D-NMR. Moreover, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2017

Bioassay guided fractionation and isolation of the $CH_2Cl_2$ extract from the apical bud of Gardenia sootepensis (Rubiaceae) led to the isolation of five known flavonoids (1-5). The structures of the compounds were determined by 1D and 2D NMR, and MS experiments, as well as by comparison of their data with published values. Compounds 1-5 were isolated for the first time from this plant source. The isolated compounds were evaluated for their cancer chemopreventive potential based on their ability to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production. Among the isolates, compound 4 exhibited considerable NO inhibitory activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $13.8{\mu}M$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.420-423
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• 2016

This is a report of an unrecorded species of Hedyotis from Korea, Hedyotis chrysotricha (Palib.) Merr., found in Yeongam-gun, Jeollanam-do. The species can be distinguished from other Hedyotis species by trichomes that cover the entire plant, ovate leaves, mauve or white corolla, and the corolla lobe of which the length measures more than twice its width. The species was named after its findspot and is hence called 'Yeongam-pul.' An illustration, description and key to the taxa related to Hedyotis are provided.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.645-651
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• 2019

Spiradiclis hainanensis H.S. Lo and S. purpureocaerulea H.S. Lo (Rubiaceae) are reported as new additions to the flora of Vietnam. In Vietnam, the genus Spiradiclis has been represented by only two species, S. leptobotrya (Drake) Pit. and S. caespitosa Blume. During our field investigations in the Lao Cai and Ninh Binh Provinces of northern Vietnam, we collected two interesting specimens of Spiradiclis that were earlier known only from China and unknown in Vietnam. Here, we report S. hainanensis and S. purpureocaerulea as previously unrecorded species from Vietnam. Detailed descriptions and color photographs are provided along with a taxonomic key for Spiradiclis species in Vietnam.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.187-192
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• 2006

Herbal medicines have been utilized to treat a variety of diseases, including cancer. Several species of the family rubiaceae have been reported to have antitumor activity. In this study, we report the cytotoxicity and antitumor activity exhibited dy the methanol extracts prepared from Rubia radix (RRME), Uncaria gambir (UGME) and Oldenlandia diffusa (ODME) (family: Rubiaceae) against human promyleloid leukemia cell line, HL-60. The cytotoxicity of RRME (2~20 ${\mu}g/ml$), UGME (20~200 ${\mu}g/ml$) and ODME (20~200 ${\mu}g/ml$) were assessed dy the MTT reduction assay. IC50 values for RRME, UGME and ODME were 11.0, 99.5 and 106.1 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. When the HL-60 cells were treated with RRME (10 ${\mu}g/ml$), UGME (120 ${\mu}g/ml$) and ODME (140 ${\mu}g/ml$) for 24 h, several apoptotic characteristics such as DNA fragmentation and morphologic changes were observed. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis was peformed to determine the percent of apoptotic cells. The poupulation of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells was increased 37.49% in RRME treatment, 12.49% in UGME treatment and 7.21% in ODME treatment compared with untreated control cells (2.64%). To further confirm apoptotic cell death, we assayed caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities in RRME, UGME and ODME-treated cells. After treatment of RRME, UGME and ODME for 12 h, caspase-3, -8 and -9 activities significantly increased.compared to untreated control cells. These results show that RRME, UGME and ODME induced apoptotic cell death in HL-60 cells and may have a possibility of potential antitumor activities.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.683-685
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• 2013

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2004

From the extracts of Crucianella maritima L. (Rubiaceae), five new anthraquinones namely; 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-6-methoxy anthraquinone, 6-methoxy-2-methyl quinizarin, 6-methyl-anthragallol-2,3-dimethyl ether, 6-methyl-anthragallol-2-methyl ether, and 1-hydroxy-2-carbomethoxyanthraquinone were isolated and identified. In addition, deacetyl asperulosidic acid 6'-glucoside sodium salt, a new iridoid diglucoside, along with twelve known anthraquinones, three flavonols, three sterols, and one triterpene were also isolated and identified for the first time from this plant. Their chemical structures were established by physical, chemical and spectroscopic data, including UV, MS, ID- and 2D-NMR analyses. The antimicrobial, cytotoxic activities and a preliminary clinical trial of the crude extracts and some isolates are also presented. Chemotaxonomical aspects are briefly discussed.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.336-341
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• 2011

As part of an ongoing search for natural plants with antioxidant compounds by measuring the radical scavenging effect on 1,1-diphenyl- 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), a total extract of the twigs of Galium spurium L. (Rubiaceae) was found to show potent antioxidant activity. Subsequent activity-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of nine compounds, asperulosidic acid methyl ester (1), asperuloside (2), caffeic acid (3), kaempferol-3-O-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), quercetin-3-O-[${\alpha}$-Lrhamnopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}6$)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside] (5), isorhamnetin-3-O-glucopyranoside (6), quercetin-3-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranoside (7), kaempferol-3-O-[${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}6$)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside] (8), and quercetin (9). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic studies. Compounds 1, 3-8 were isolated for the first time from this plant. Among them, compounds 3 and 9 showed the significant radical scavenging effects on DPPH, and compounds 3 and 7 showed the potent riboflavin originated superoxide quenching activities.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.214-222
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• 1989

Of the 103 species (41 families) sampled from two limestone bites in Korea, 98 species (95.1%) contained VA mycorrhizae. No mycorrhizal structures were observed in the other 5 species. The nonmycorrhizal species were members of the following 4 families: Equisetaceae, Davalliaceae, Amaranthaceae and Ericacene. Of the 124 species (51 families) sampled from two different nonlimestone sites, 99 species (79.8%) were found to contain VA mycorrhizae and no mycorrhizal structures were observed in the other 25 species. The nonmycorrhizal species were members of the following 16 families: Equisetaceae, Pteridacaea, Davalliaceae, Cyperaceae, Commelinaceae, Polygonaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Phytolaceaceae, Amaranthaceae, Aizoaceae, Portulacaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fumariaceae, Cruciferae, Ericaceae and Rubiaceae.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 1995

A new triterpenoid saponin named Mussaendoside F(1), along with five known compounds (2-6) were isolated from aerial part of Mussaenda pubescens.